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According to the Requirements for the Convention on the Preservation of World Culture and Natural Heritage in the United Nations Educational Organization，Archaeological sites relied on the National Archaeological Site Park belong to one of the three types of cultural heritage，In history、aesthetics、Has a prominent general value。

From the perspective of international concept，Contemporary International Cultural Heritage Management is realizing the return of "things" to "people -oriented"，Based on the perspective of social relations, the role of inheritance in the role of inheritance in social life is paid attention to and pays attention to the inheritance related groups that were ignored in the past (such as community、Public)，"Promote the protection and utilization of the inheritance under the new framework"。From the perspective of domestic practice，Let the cultural relics live、Cultural heritage lives to achieve docking with the people of the people，It has become a new concept of the management of Chinese cultural heritage in the new era。

In this background，National Archaeological Site Park function positioning should be based on the "people -oriented" international cultural heritage management concept，Docking China New Age of China、New mission，The international concept system established by the International Convention of the Cultural Heritage Management of Cultural Heritage Management and the Chinese Practice Model built by domestic laws and regulations，Integrated public resource attributes of archeological sites and public product attributes of the National Archaeological Site Park。

　　Demonstration of the International Covenant

Since 1931 "Athens Charter of Historical Monuments" (hereinafter referred to as "Athens Charter")，UNESCO、The International Starry Council, etc., has promulgated a series of cultural heritage management international conventions，A more comprehensive interpretation of the management of archeological sites，Established the concept and approach of site protection and utilization。

Looking at it specifically，"Athens Charter" establishes the national legislative protection of archeological sites、Packal protection、Principles of guardianship protection; "Suggestions on International Principles suitable for archeological excavation" (1956) emphasized Bet365 app download that "all necessary arrangements" should be made to facilitate the public to approach the site; "(1962) Emphasize that the site should carry out public education activities and set up a special museum，or set up special departments within the existing museum to carry out research and display work。Since then，"Charter of Venice" (1964) clearly proposed the relationship between protection and utilization- "The use of monuments for the purpose of public use for public use is always beneficial to the protection of monuments"，For the first time, the legal status used to use the management of monument sites。

The Convention on Protection of World Culture and Natural Heritage (1972) emphasized，Protecting cultural heritage "It's important to the people of the world"，cultural heritage with outstanding importance，It must be protected as a human world heritage，The international community has the responsibility to participate in the protection work; the scope of cultural heritage management is more comprehensive as "OK、Protection、Save、Exhibition and Genetics "and scientific research、Education，and make it clear as "mainly the responsibility of the country"。"International Cultural Tourism Charter" (1999) reflects the further understanding of the function of the monuments，Emphasizing cultural heritage is daily life、The vivid reference point of social progress and changes，is one of the main sources of social assets，Protection is to allow visitors and host communities to understand the importance of cultural heritage.，Therefore, tourist sites should ensure that valuable experiences are brought to tourists，Provide benefits for the host community of the host。

International Convention emphasizes the protection of cultural heritage beyond the inheritance body，Expand to the surrounding environment and other elements，Realize the overall protection。The Charter of the Protection and Management of Archaeological Heritage (1990) established the overall protection policy of the archeological site，Proposal to designate the archeological protection zone; "Xi'an Declaration" (2005) comprehensively explained the concept of the surrounding environment of the monuments、Value，and the meaning of protection for it、Purpose and means，Emphasize that the surrounding environment must be continuously managed，thereby enriching and improving the overall protection of international cultural heritage management。This was later released by the UNESCO "Operation Guide to the Convention on Protection of World bet365 live casino games Culture and Natural Heritage" (2005)，Directly identified as "the overall policy of implementing a series，It is designed to make the inheritance play a role in local social life "。

For cultural heritage in the city，"Athens Charter" proposed in urban development，Whether it is a single building，It is also an ancient building with historical value in the form of urban areas、buildings that represent a certain historical culture and cause universal interest should be kept。but，The retention of historical buildings should not hinder residents to enjoy a healthy life，Not allowed to retain the poverty that may be brought about、Confusion and disease，It should be solved through "obtaining clever solutions" to solve this problem。As a correction and supplement to the "Athens Charter"，The Charter of "Qiaqiu Pichu" (1977) proposed that in urban planning，Protection、Restore and reorganize the existing historical sites must be combined with the urban construction process，To ensure that these cultural relics have economic significance and continue to have vitality，Therefore, the idea of ​​coordinating the coordination of cultural heritage protection and contemporary social development is further formed。2000，"Beijing Consensus" more directly proposed that the fundamental interests of cultural heritage protection and modern urban construction are consistent。

These international conventions may define how the society should effectively manage cultural heritage，or determine how the cultural heritage should move towards society and what value and role in society，In fact, it is the functional positioning of the National Archaeological Site Park from the level of the archeological site itself。Comprehensive analysis above，Consensus based on the International Covenant，The functional positioning of the National Archaeological Site Park should be based on three levels: integrated protection、Diverse and reasonable use (display、Research、Education、Tourism, etc.)、Promote the coordination of protection with contemporary economic and social development。

　　Exploration of domestic laws and regulations

Since the founding of New China，my country has been exploring the management ideas of cultural heritage with Chinese characteristics，Strive to adhere to the innovation of national conditions based on international standards，Establishing and perfecting in line with China's national conditions、The road of cultural heritage protection and utilization of people's conditions。Multiple revised "Cultural Relics Protection Law", "Guidelines for the Protection of Chinese Cultural Relics bet365 live casino games and Admiralty" and a series of important documents issued by various departments，Comprehensively reflects the management of my country's cultural heritage management, gradually improved from the original protection model to become the evolution process of protecting the use of synergy。

1982，The birth of the first "Cultural Relics Protection Law" in my country，Its cultural relic -based history、Art、Scientific value，Established the protection of cultural relics、Scientific Studies、Inherit the inheritance、Patriotic and Revolutionary Education、Cultural Relics Management Objective to the Construction of Spiritual Civilization，Clarifying the principle of no change in the protection of the site。Specific to the protection of archeological sites，At that time, in addition to a few particularly influential sites (such as Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Terracotta Pit、Dingling) Open open for tourist attractions and open outside，Most of them use a backfilling closed protection mode。

but，Starting in the 1990s，This model has been challenged，The most typical manifestation is the location of the ruins inside the city and the surrounding areas，Unable to participate in the process of urbanization due to the limitation of being protected，seriously hindered the local economic and social development。In this context，my country strives to explore how to achieve the innovation of cultural heritage protection model，To promote the protection of cultural heritage and coordinate with local economic and social development，Do not become a burden of development and become a resource for local development、Capital and power。

In "Effective Protection，Use reasonably，Strengthening Management "and other concepts of concepts，my country's starting innovation ruins protection mode，Construction can be displayed as a large site display demonstration area in the predecessor of the National Archaeological Site Park，and gradually launched the construction of the National Archaeological Site Park。In this sense，The protection and reasonable use of the cultural relics work policy in my country，It should be the basic starting point for the functional positioning of the national archeological site park。

December 2009，The State Administration of Cultural Relics issued the "Administrative Measures for the National Archaeological Site Park (Trial)"，Clarified "Promoting the Protection of Archaeological Sites、Display and utilization "" Effectively play its role in economic and social development "goals，Established the importance and integrity of its main body (important archeological sites and Bet365 lotto review its background environment)、Comprehensive and diversified function (Protection、Show、Scientific Research、Education、recreation, etc.) and positioning and publicity of positioning (specific public space with national demonstration significance)，and requiring the application unit's site park planning to meet the protection plan。This is the main protection、Specific practice of reasonable use of thoughts。

October 2018，The Development Report of the National Archaeological Site Park establishes the recent goal of "New Highlights of Public Cultural Services for Public Cultural Services" and the medium- and long -term goals of "becoming a national cultural landmark and spiritual logo"，Incorporate it into the Chinese Excellent Traditional Cultural Inheritance System，The era mission of "promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of the excellent traditional culture of China"。

　　Value attributes of public resources

Archaeological sites are public resources，It not only belongs to the area where it is located、Country，It is a cultural heritage common in the world。From the perspective of cultural product supply，National Archaeological Site Park belongs to public products，It should be "inevitable as non -profit public welfare undertaking"。Public Welfare is the core feature of the National Archaeological Site Park，National Archaeological Site Park should "adhere to public welfare for the people，Promoting social participation，Maintain the basic cultural rights and interests of the masses，Consciously undertaking the social service function of the park "。

But considering the limitation of the capacity and spatial capacity bearing capacity of the development of archeological sites，National Archaeological Site Park, especially the number of cultural consumers that can accept in the core area of ​​its site，Whether it is an instantaneous number or the overall size，All have the upper limit。At the same time，Based on protection is the most fundamental and core concept of cultural heritage management，Protection of archeological sites should be the primary principle of the construction of national archeological site parks，Therefore, positioning the national archeological site park as a quasi -public product，Coordinated implementation of cultural heritage protection and utilization。On the one hand，National Archaeological Site Park usually uses ticket system or appointment system to regulate the number of tourists; on the other hand，To expand or develop non -space -based cultural products through external space，to meet the cultural needs of more people。

From this，National Archaeological Site Park should be based bet365 live casino games on the "National Cultural Heritage Management of the All -People in the State Cultural Heritage"，Internal requirements based on the value of public resources，Taking public products as the basic attribute，Public interest as the benefit -oriented，Pursuing the sharing of construction results as a value pursuit，Open with the construction and management process、Transparent as a mechanism guarantee，to be included in cultural public services、Inheritance of excellent traditional culture、Promoting regional development into real goals。It should be open to the whole society，Serving the whole people，benefit people's livelihood，Multi -level public cultural needs who meet the diversified interests，Public cultural space to realize public interests。

Look again，The material level of the cultural space includes both the archeological site itself and the relics、Relics and other material relics and space，Including the surrounding environment and the natural space it depends on。The spiritual level includes the history carried by the archeological site、Culture、Society、Life、Regional development and other multi -dimensional information，History covering the archeological site、Art、Science、Society、Cultural value。The level of social life is based on the transformation of the main contradictions in our society and the "13th Five -Year Plan for the Development of the National Cultural Relics".。On the one hand, the residents of the park are located in the cultural life of the park，On the other hand, other stakeholders are based on research、Education、Tourism and other productivity (public welfare、profitability) or consumer cultural activity。

National Archaeological Site Park has protection、Research、Show、Education、Leisure、Tourism and other comprehensive functions，Meeting multi -level public cultural needs，It aims to use the archeological site as a carrier to build a protective responsibility for protection、Open and tolerance for the protection process、Protection results benefit the public、Meet the people's longing for a better life (spiritual life、Cultural life is mainly，Taking into account the material life that is closely related to the park) cultural heritage protection and use sharing、Co -responsibility mechanism。At the same time，National Archaeological Site Park should also be further based on cultural heritage national parks for planning, construction and operation management，Actively create conditions for incorporating the inclusion of the national bet365 Play online games park system，Promote the comprehensive protection of important cultural heritage and its surrounding environment at the national level、Effective implementation of creative transformation and innovative development，Therefore, it becomes a national cultural landmark and spiritual logo，It also reflects China's responsibility in the management of global cultural heritage、Chinese spirit and Chinese power。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation Project "National Archaeological Site Park function positioning and its implementation mechanism research" (15bkg019) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Qufu Normal University)