Liangzhu National Bet365 app download Picture source: China News Photo Network

According to the requirements of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage formulated by UNESCO，The archaeological sites on which the National Archaeological Park is based belong to one of the three types of Bet365 app download，In history、Aesthetic、The ethnographic or anthropological perspective has outstanding universal value。

From an international perspective，Contemporary international Bet365 app download management is realizing the return from "object-oriented" to "people-oriented"，Based on the perspective of social relations, we pay attention to the role of heritage in social life and pay attention to heritage-related groups (such as communities) that have been ignored in the past.、Public)，“Promoting the protection and utilization of heritage under a new framework”。From domestic practice，Let cultural relics come alive、Bet365 app download comes alive to connect with people’s lives，Has become a new concept for China’s Bet365 app download management in the new era。

In this context，The functional positioning of the National Archaeological Site Park should be based on the "people-oriented" international Bet365 app download management concept，Connecting and satisfying a better life in China’s new era、New mission，A Chinese practice model that integrates the international concept system established by the International Convention on Bet365 app download Management and the domestic laws and regulations，Integrate the public resource attributes of archaeological sites and the public product attributes of the National Archaeological Site Park。

　　The exemplary role of Bet365 app download conventions

Since the promulgation of the Athens Charter on the Restoration of Historic Monuments in 1931 (hereinafter referred to as the "Athens Charter")，UNESCO、The International Council on Monuments and others have promulgated a series of international conventions on Bet365 app download management，A relatively comprehensive explanation of archaeological site management，Established the concepts and methods for the protection and utilization of heritage sites。

Let’s take a closer look，The "Athens Charter" establishes the national legislative Bet365 app download of archaeological sites、Backfill Bet365 app download、Principles of guardianship and Bet365 app download；The Recommendations Concerning International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations (1956) emphasized that "all necessary arrangements" should be made to facilitate public access to sites；"Recommendations on the Bet365 app download of the Style and Characteristics of Landscapes and Sites" (1962) emphasized that sites should carry out public education activities and establish special museums，Or existing museums may set up specialized departments to carry out research and exhibition work。Afterwards，The "Venice Charter" (1964) clearly states the relationship between Bet365 app download and utilization - "The use of monuments for public purposes is always conducive to the Bet365 app download of monuments"，For the first time, the legal status of utilization in the management of historic sites was established。

"Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)" emphasized，Protecting Bet365 app download is “important to people around the world”，For Bet365 app download of outstanding importance，Needs to be protected as a world heritage for all mankind，The international community has the responsibility to participate in protection work；Define the scope of Bet365 app download management work more comprehensively as "determination、Protect、Save、Exhibition and genetic offspring” and scientific research、Education，And clarify it as “mainly the responsibility of the country concerned”。The International Charter for Cultural Tourism (1999) reflects a further understanding of the functions of monuments and sites，Emphasize that Bet365 app download is daily life、A vivid reference point for social progress and change，Is one of the main sources of social assets，Conservation is about educating visitors and host communities about the importance of Bet365 app download sites，Therefore, tourism to historical sites should ensure that it provides tourists with valuable experiences，Provide benefits to the host community。

International conventions emphasize that Bet365 app download protection must go beyond the heritage itself，Expand to surrounding environment and other elements，To achieve overall protection。The Charter for the Protection and Management of Archaeological Heritage (1990) establishes the overall protection policy for archaeological sites，Proposing to demarcate an archaeological protection zone；The "Xi'an Declaration" (2005) comprehensively explains the concept of the surrounding environment of historic sites、value，And the significance of its protection、Purpose and means，Emphasize the need to sustainably manage the surrounding environment，Thus enriching and improving the overall protection thinking in international Bet365 app download management。This was later published by UNESCO in the "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" (2005)，Is directly identified as "implementing a series of overall policies，Aiming to make heritage play a role in local social life”。

For Bet365 app download located in the city，The "Athens Charter" proposes that in urban development，Whether it is a single building，It is also an ancient building with historical value in the form of a city area、Buildings that represent a certain historical culture and arouse general interest should be preserved。But，The preservation of historical buildings should not prevent residents from enjoying a healthy life，It is not allowed to ignore the poverty it may bring for the sake of reservation、Confusion and disease，This problem should be solved by "getting smart solutions"。As an amendment and supplement to the "Athens Charter"，"Machu Picchu Charter" (1977) proposed in urban planning，Protect、The restoration and reuse of existing historic sites must be integrated with the urban development process，To ensure that these cultural relics have economic significance and continue to have vitality，Thus further forming the idea of ​​coordinating the protection of Bet365 app download with the development of contemporary society。2000，The "Beijing Consensus" more directly proposes that the fundamental interests of Bet365 app download protection and modern urban construction are consistent。

These international conventions may define how society should effectively manage Bet365 app download，Or determine how Bet365 app download should go to society and what value and role it will have on society，In fact, it stipulates the functional positioning of the National Archaeological Site Park from the perspective of the archaeological site itself。Based on the above analysis，A consensus has been reached based on international conventions，The functional positioning of the National Archaeological Site Park should be based on three levels: overall protection、Diversified and reasonable utilization (display、Research、Education、Travel, etc.)、Promote the coordination of conservation and contemporary economic and social development。

　　Exploration Bet365 app download of domestic laws and regulations

Since the founding of New China，Our country has been exploring Bet365 app download management ideas with Chinese characteristics，Focus on adhering to international norms and innovating based on China’s national conditions，Establish and improve it in line with China’s national conditions、Public sentiments for the protection and utilization of Bet365 app download。The "Cultural Relics Protection Law", the "Chinese Cultural Relics and Monuments Protection Guidelines", which have been revised many times, and a series of important documents issued by various departments，Comprehensively reflects the evolution process of my country's Bet365 app download management efforts from the original protection model to a collaborative mechanism for protection and utilization。

　1982，The birth of my country’s first “Bet365 app download Relics Protection Law”，its history based on artifacts、Art、Scientific value，Established the protection of Bet365 app download relics including Bet365 app download relics、Scientific research、Inherit the inheritance、Patriotism and revolutionary education、Bet365 app download relics management goals for spiritual civilization construction，Clear the principle of protecting heritage sites without changing their original condition。Looking specifically at the protection of archaeological sites，At that time, except for a few particularly influential sites (such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang、Dingling) is opened to the outside world as a tourist attraction，Most of them adopt backfill closed protection mode。

But，Since the 1990s，This model has been challenged，The most typical manifestations are the sites located in and around the city，Unable to participate in the urbanization process due to protection restrictions，Seriously hindering local economic and social development。In this context，Our country is focusing on exploring how to achieve innovation in Bet365 app download protection models，To promote the coordination of Bet365 app download protection and local economic and social development，To prevent heritage sites from becoming a burden to development but to become a resource for local development、Capital and motivation。

In "Effective Protection，Reasonable use，Under the guidance of concepts such as "strengthening management"，my country has begun to innovate the protection model of large heritage sites，Construct a large ruins display demonstration area that can be regarded as the predecessor of the National Archaeological Site Park，And gradually started the construction of the National Archaeological Site Park。In this sense，In my country’s Bet365 app download relics work policy, protection should be given priority to and rational utilization，Should become the basic starting point for the functional positioning of the National Archaeological Site Park。

December 2009，The State Administration of Bet365 app download issued the "National Archaeological Site Park Management Measures (Trial)"，Clearly “promoting the protection of archaeological sites、The goal of displaying and utilizing "effectively playing its role in economic and social development"，Established the importance and integrity of its supporting subject (important archaeological sites and their background environment)、Comprehensive and diversified functions (protection、Show、Scientific Research、Education、Recreation, etc.) and the demonstration and publicity of positioning (specific public spaces with national demonstration significance)，And requires the applicant’s heritage park planning to comply with the protection plan。This is protection first、Concrete practice of rational utilization of ideas。

　October 2018，The "National Archaeological Site Park Development Report" establishes the short-term goal of the National Archaeological Site Park "increasingly becoming a new highlight in the local public Bet365 app download service supply" and the medium- and long-term goal of "becoming a national Bet365 app download landmark and spiritual identity"，Incorporate it into the inheritance system of China’s excellent traditional culture，Give it the mission of the times to “promote the creative transformation and innovative development of China’s excellent traditional culture”。

　　Value attributes of Bet365 app download resources

Archaeological sites are public resources，It doesn’t just belong to the region、Country，It is a Bet365 app download shared by the whole world。From the perspective of cultural product supply，The National Archaeological Site Park is a public good，Should be “inevitably positioned as a non-profit public welfare undertaking”。Public welfare is the core feature of the National Archaeological Park，The National Archaeological Site Park should "adhere to public welfare and serve the people"，Promote social participation，Protect the basic cultural rights and interests of the masses，Consciously assume the social service function of the park”。

However, taking into account the limitations of the development capacity and spatial capacity of the archaeological site resources relied on，The number of cultural consumers that the National Archaeological Park, especially its core area, can accommodate，Whether it is the instantaneous quantity or the overall size，There is an upper limit。At the same time，Based on the fact that protection is the most fundamental and core concept of Bet365 app download management，Protecting archaeological sites should be the primary principle in the construction of national archaeological sites parks，Thus positioning the National Archaeological Park as a quasi-public good，It will be more conducive to the collaborative realization of Bet365 app download protection and utilization。On the one hand，National Archaeological Park usually adopts ticket system or reservation system to control the number of tourists；On the other hand，To expand or develop non-space-based cultural products through external space，To meet the cultural needs of more people。

From this，The National Archaeological Site Park should be based on "national-level Bet365 app download management that is shared by all people"，Intrinsic requirements based on the realization of public resource value，Take public goods as the basic attribute，Public interest-oriented，Pursue value by sharing construction results，Open with construction and management process、Transparency is the guarantee of the mechanism，To include cultural public services、Inheriting excellent traditional culture、Promote regional development as a realistic goal。Should be open to the whole society，Serving the public，Benefit people’s livelihood，Meet the multi-level public cultural needs of diverse stakeholders，Public cultural space to realize public interests。

Take a closer look，The material aspect of this Bet365 app download space includes both the archaeological site itself and the relics it contains、Relics and other material remains and the space where they are located，Including the surrounding environment and the natural space it relies on。The spiritual dimension includes the history carried by archaeological sites、Culture、Society、Life、Regional development and other multi-dimensional information，Covers the history of archaeological sites、Art、Science、Society、Bet365 app download Value。The level of social life is based on the transformation of the main contradictions in our society and the goal of "the broad participation of social forces in the protection and utilization of Bet365 app download relics to basically form a pattern" proposed by the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Bet365 app download Relics"。On the one hand, the Bet365 app download life of the residents where the park is located relies on the park，On the other hand are other stakeholders based on research、Education、Productive (public welfare) activities such as tourism、For-profit) or consumer Bet365 app download activities。

The National Archaeological Park has protection、Research、Show、Education、Casual、Travel and other comprehensive functions，Meet multi-level public cultural needs，Aims to use archaeological sites as a carrier to build shared responsibility for protection、The protection process is open and inclusive、Protection results benefit the public、Satisfying people’s yearning for a better life (spiritual life、Cultural life is the main focus，Bet365 app download protection and utilization sharing taking into account the material life closely related to the park、Shared responsibility mechanism。At the same time，The National Archaeological Site Park should further be based on the planning, construction, operation and management of Bet365 app download national parks，Actively create conditions for inclusion in the national park system，Promote comprehensive protection of important Bet365 app download and its surrounding environment at the national level、Effective realization of creative transformation and innovative development，Thus becoming a national cultural landmark and spiritual identity，It also reflects China’s responsibility in global Bet365 app download management、Chinese spirit and Chinese power。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on the Functional Positioning and Implementation Mechanism of the National Bet365 app download" (15BKG019)

(Author’s unit: College of Bet365 app download and Culture, Qufu Normal University)