After nearly 100 years of development，China’s zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets has made remarkable achievements。Especially since the 1980s，Various natural science methods are continuously integrated into the bet365 bonus bets system，The multidisciplinary integration model promotes the rapid and good development of Chinese zooarchaeology。

Ancient DNA bet365 bonus bets is based on molecular biotechnology，Taking paleontological DNA as the bet365 bonus bets object，Can reveal how ancient organisms evolved，Exploring the origin and migration of humans、Academic issues such as the domestication and spread of animals and plants。Nearly ten years，A large number of ancient DNA bet365 bonus bets results of ancient Chinese animal remains have been published，Basically clarified the origin and spread of China’s major domestic animals from a genetic perspective，High-throughput sequencing technology will further promote the in-depth development of bet365 bonus bets。Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis is one of the important methods for studying ancient recipes，Began to be used in domestic zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets in the 1980s，It has now been revealed how ancient ancestors fed different animals and the origin and domestication process of major domestic mammals。Strontium isotope analysis is one of the scientific methods for studying ancient human and animal migrations and the origin of relics，Started to be used in domestic zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets in 2011 and developed rapidly，Shows the trade of animal resources from the perspective of animal migration、Important values ​​in career and society。In addition，Organic residue analysis methods such as protein analysis and lipid analysis can determine the type and source of organic residues，To understand the processing of animals and plants by ancient ancestors、Utilize and related carrier functions。Anyway，Chinese zooarchaeology has now developed into a discipline centered on qualitative and quantitative bet365 bonus bets on animal remains、A comprehensive cutting-edge discipline covering a variety of testing and analysis methods。

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Zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets has revealed the diversity and progressiveness of the ways in which ancient ancestors from different regions and cultures in my country obtained and utilized animal resources。

There are more than 30 sites where zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets has been conducted in 2020。Among them，Yahuai Cave in Long'an County, Guangxi is a cave site from the late Paleolithic to the late Neolithic，The animal species unearthed are mainly wild animals。bet365 bonus bets shows，The main way for ancient ancestors to obtain animal resources was hunting and fishing，Hunting methods have improved over time，The proportion of fishing and hunting methods decreased，The main way to utilize animal resources is as a source of meat，The palms and metatarsals of deer are also used to make aggregates。

，About 6300-5500 years ago) unearthed animal remains，Domestic animals include pigs and dogs，Domestic mammals account for an absolutely high proportion。bet365 bonus bets shows，The ancient ancestors mainly obtained animal resources by raising livestock、Supplementary by fishing and hunting activities，There are two ways of raising domestic pigs: captive breeding and free-range raising。

The Tongwancheng site in Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province is the only capital site left by the Great Xia Kingdom during the Sixteen Kingdoms period，The unearthed animal species are all domestic mammals。bet365 bonus bets shows，There are 4 ways ancient ancestors used animal resources，Meat or food source (sheep、Goat、Cattle and pigs)、Package or riding (camels and donkeys)、Military (Horse)、Companion or assistant (dogs and cats)，Based on the extremely high proportion of herbivores, it is speculated that the ancestors were engaged in nomadic life。

2020，Zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets on a certain region or archaeological culture includes: the Tao River Basin in Gansu and Qinghai regions、Northeastern Qinghai Region、Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region、Xiajiadian Lower Class Culture、Yulin area, Shaanxi、Cangtou River Basin, Youyu County, Shanxi、Guanglu Island Shell Mound Site Group, Dalian City, Liaoning Province、The lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River (Lingjiatan Culture), etc.。

among them，Carry out multidisciplinary bet365 bonus bets in the Tao River Basin in Gansu and Qinghai regions，Through the Taohe Archaeological Project at Dayatou、Qijiaping、Animal remains unearthed from three sites in Huizuidai，Carry out zooarchaeology、Comprehensive study of ancient mitochondrial DNA and carbon 14 dating，Obtained the dating data of the earliest domestic sheep and goats in the Tao River Basin，1900 BC - 1750 BC respectively、1600 BC-1450 BC。According to this, researchers believe，Domestic herbivores (cattle) must be considered、The possibility of introducing sheep and goats) from the middle reaches of the Yellow River to the upper reaches of the Yellow River。

"bet365 bonus bets on Production and Industry from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age in China" edited by Yuan Jing (Fudan University Press, December 2019 edition)，Comprehensive application of zooarchaeology and plant archaeology bet365 bonus bets results，Comprehensive explanation of the connotation and characteristics of China’s production from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age，And combine it with the environmental background and changes、Comprehensive consideration of social development process, etc.。

The zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets on specific animal species is very distinctive。bet365 bonus bets carried out in 2020 includes: Pig bone bet365 bonus bets in Shuangdun, Bengbu City, Anhui Province (2014-2015)、bet365 bonus bets on pig bones in the Central Plains and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、bet365 bonus bets on fish remains in Wuguishan, Ningbo City, Zhejiang、bet365 bonus bets on primitive cattle in northern China、bet365 bonus bets on horse bones unearthed in Xinjiang、bet365 bonus bets on donkey bones unearthed from the tomb of Cui, wife of Tang Boling County, Qujiang, Xi'an, Shaanxi、bet365 bonus bets on Domestic Cats in Song Dynasty Tombs in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, etc.。

Taking the study of the tomb of Cui, wife of Tang Boling County, Qujiang, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province as an example，The owner of the tomb is Jingyuan in the late Tang Dynasty、The wife of Zhenhai Jiedushi Zhou Bao，Died in 878，3 donkey bones and 4 ox bones were found at the bottom of the corridor and on the coffin bed of the tomb。Researchers focused on donkey bones，Found 2 donkeys that are smaller in size，The ages of death were 6-7 years old and 9 years old respectively，Indicate that they are not used as pack animals。Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis shows，2 donkeys ate a lot of C4 plants，Indicates that they were well used for crops (such as rice、Beans and millet) by-products are fed。Micromorphology CT scan display，They are animals that often run and turn around，This is also inconsistent with the fact that the pack bet365 bonus bets walks heavily and slowly and moves in the same direction。Synthesize the above evidence and combine it with literature，Researchers think，The donkey buried with him may be Cui’s mount when he played polo，This study reveals for the first time that aristocratic women in the Tang Dynasty attached great importance to donkeys。

The archaeological phenomenon of burial or burial of animals can reflect the ceremonial activities and spiritual aspirations of ancient ancestors。Hou Yanfeng and others inspected the three pottery tripods in the coffin room of No. 8 Tomb at Chengyang City Site in Xinyang City, Henan Province (the era is the middle to late Warring States Period)、Zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets was conducted on a sacrificial animal unearthed near a pottery bean and in the mud on the west side of the lacquered wooden case，Think that they belong to the common tripod utility sacrifices found in Chu tombs，Represents 2 scalpers、2 domestic dogs、2 pigs、1 sheep。Among them，The combination of 3 pottery tripods and animals are: ox + domestic dog、Cattle+Sheep+Pig、Cattle+domestic dog，Ox + domestic dog unearthed near Taodou，Constitute the three animal combinations of cattle, sheep and pigs。Except for a few traces of slaughter on animal bones，No traces of shaving meat found，It is speculated that the bones were buried with meat，The use of animals does not show an obvious preference for bone parts，Not consistent with the pre-Qin rites，However, the archaeological phenomenon of hoof bones has not been found，Consistent with the record of using dolphins to "remove hoofs" in "Rites"。

The bet365 bonus bets on bone tools is quite bright。One is the existing typology、Based on bet365 bonus bets methods such as zooarchaeology and experimental archeology，Carry out bone tool bet365 bonus bets with the help of geographic information system (GIS)；The second is to focus on the bone manufacturing industry in pastoral economic areas。Li Yue and others will shift their bet365 bonus bets area from the Central Plains to the frontier，Zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets on the bone products unearthed from the Shirenzigou site in Barkol County, Xinjiang (from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age)，bet365 bonus bets shows that its aggregate source is mainly sheep，Horse and deer come next。The animal husbandry economy ensures the source of raw materials for making bone tools，The production of bone tools shows the characteristics of "saving time and effort"，That is, finely processing the used parts and simplifying the unused parts。There is no dedicated bone-making place at this site，Imperfect production chain，The degree of industrialization and refinement is low，The production of bone tools may be carried out as a family unit，Lagged behind the large bone workshops of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Central Plains。

　　　　，Chinese archeology has accumulated rich "archaeological resources" in both physical objects and data，Therefore, the construction of a national cultural relics and archaeological database platform has become an urgent need to deepen basic bet365 bonus bets in archaeology。In view of the resource advantages of the Zooarchaeology Laboratory of the Center for Science and Technology Archeology, Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in zooarchaeology bet365 bonus bets，The State Administration of Cultural Heritage has identified it as the first pilot project for the construction of a database of animal remains and specimens in China since 2020，Aims to lay the foundation for the further development of the national zooarchaeological subject system，Building an international discourse system for bet365 bonus bets on animal resources and human society。Currently，The construction work of this database is progressing steadily，Networked database template has been built，And has completed the formulation of most database standards。

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High-throughput sequencing technology triggers revolutionary changes in ancient DNA bet365 bonus bets。Nearly ten years，High-throughput sequencing technology can use extracts to construct DNA libraries that can be sequenced or hybridized to capture，This enables efficient acquisition of very ancient whole-genome data，And develop the new field of paleogenomics，The third revolutionary change triggering ancient DNA bet365 bonus bets。This technology is now used in the domestic archaeological field，In particular, many bet365 bonus bets results on animal domestication are eye-catching。

Zhang Ming et al. conducted a study on the complete mitochondrial genome of ancient Chinese domestic dogs，Obtained 26 ancient Chinese domestic dog mitochondrial genomes from 8 archaeological sites including Tianluoshan, Yuyao City, Zhejiang。18 of them belong to A2 haplotype，May be directly related to living dingoes and domestic dogs from before the colonial era bet365 bonus bets Pacific Islands，It is speculated that domestic dogs with A2 haplotype may have been widely distributed in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and occupied a dominant position，Then it spread southward to southern China、Southeast Asia、New Guinea、Australia and Pacific Islands，Spreading northward to the polar regions of Eastern Siberia。

Protein archeology bet365 bonus bets has broad prospects。In "Science" magazine's top ten science and technology headlines in 2020，Protein Archeology is among them。Because protein is more stable than DNA，More suitable for bet365 bonus bets on ancient fossils from which DNA cannot be extracted，Even used for the identity of humans or animals from 1 million years ago、The study of genetics and behavior。In addition，For bone samples without morphological identification characteristics (such as broken bones、Specific parts such as eggshells and bone organs, etc.)，Protein archeology without loss、Efficient、Obvious advantages in low-cost detection。

Rao Huiyun and others tested the first ancient protein sequence of the Pleistocene spotted hyena fossil in East Asia，The bet365 bonus bets was conducted on Lingxian Cave in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province、Paleoprotein analysis of the Yangzhai site and cave hyenas from Kunnigou, Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang，Acquired a variety of endogenous proteins。By phylogenetic analysis，Dividing East Asian cave hyenas into two groups，One group is reunited with living spotted hyenas in northern Africa，Reflects the possible genetic exchange between cave hyenas in East Asia and living spotted hyenas in northern Africa 1.03 million years ago。

Comprehensive development of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis。bet365 bonus bets on stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen reveals the complex relationship between humans and animals from the perspective of food sources。Chen Xianglong and others passed the inspection of the giant sacrificial pit No. 1 of the Erlitou site in Yanshi City, Henan Province (dated from the first to fourth phases of the Erlitou Culture，Mainly in Phase II) Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human and animal remains unearthed，The pig found in the pit、dog、There is no obvious difference in the food structure between sheep and similar animals in other units，There are two differences: first, the diversity of pig food structure，Maybe related to its source of diversity；Second, the nitrogen value of cattle is obviously low，Whether it indicates special breeding still needs more discussion。

Strontium isotope bet365 bonus bets has great potential。The strontium isotope ratio has been widely used in the study of tracking human or animal migration behavior under different geological conditions。Wang Xueye and others established China’s first strontium isotope contour map suitable for the biological field。The study believes，Driven by the different geological conditions of each tectonic block in China，China’s strontium isotope ratio distribution range is large and shows obvious regional characteristics。Therefore，Strontium isotope source analysis has great potential in the study of ancient Chinese migration behavior。

Taking multidisciplinary integration as a new academic bet365 bonus bets growth point，China’s zooarchaeology has achieved gratifying results。In terms of bet365 bonus bets horizons，On the one hand, bet365 bonus bets focuses on specific sites and specific animal species，On the other hand, there are new expansions and extensions in the space-time framework。In terms of bet365 bonus bets methods，Qualitative and quantitative bet365 bonus bets on animal remains、Ancient DNA bet365 bonus bets、Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis、Strontium isotope analysis、Various methods such as protein archeology and CT scanning are applied to the animal remains themselves。With the increasing expansion of bet365 bonus bets horizons and the increasing refinement of bet365 bonus bets methods，The prospects for zooarchaeological bet365 bonus bets in China will be extremely broad。

　　(Author’s unit: Institute of Archeology, bet365 bonus bets Academy of Social Sciences)