Erlitou Cultural Jade is the basis for knowing the jade in the summer。The birth of the Xia Dynasty has created a new era of Chinese historical development，At the same time, it also guides the ancient Chinese jade culture after more than 4,000 years of development，Entering a new era。

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Current，There are about 120 pieces of Erlitou Cultural Jade in archeological discovery，From 16 sites，The most jade articles unearthed from the Erlitou site，There are more than 90 pieces，Among them, about 60 pieces of jade were unearthed in 25 tombs in the site of Erlitou; there were also several utensils inlaid in inlaid，such as green pine dragon shape、Green Songto bronze card、green pine round copper，and thousands of green pine chips。

Erlitou's cultural jade category is: tooth、Ge、Qi、钺、shovel、Knife、handle shaped、Ku tongue、璧、琮、笄、round hoop shaped device、璜、ring、玦、Drinks、Crescent decoration、board、Tube、cup、锛、chisel、镞、spinning wheel，and various decorations，Including pointed ornaments、Fangzhu shaped device、Drilling jade jewelry、silkworm shape, etc.。Where，The most eye -catching is that a number of novelty shapes appeared，Ruya、Yu Ge、Bringing 戚 and multi -edge blade jade、Bringing the Great Yatsu Knife、bet365 live casino games Narrow long strip jade、There are collar jade、handle shaped，and the tongue、Crescent decoration, etc.。The popularity of these jade wares，Become a sign of an era。

The characteristics of the era of cultural jade，can be summarized as the following points。

One，Some of the previous jade instruments。Ruyuyu、Jade、Yuhuan、Jade、Long strip -shaped jade、Flat -long square jade、Jade、Jade chisel、round hoop shaped device、Eagle Shouwiao et al.。The cultural tradition of these jade articles，Some belong to Liangzhu Culture，Some belong to Tao Temple culture，Some belong to the late Shijiahe culture (also known as "Hou Shijiahe Culture")。

Its two，Based on the jade category that appeared in the previous stage，A number of novel jade instruments appeared，It developed into an important part of the Erlitou cultural jade with the characteristics of the times。Ruya teeth、Yu Ge and Crescent Towers、Bringing tooth jade、Big holes with a tooth arc -shaped blade jade、Bringing the Great Yatsu Knife、Jade Cup、There are collar jade、Standard handle -shaped handle、Yuling tongue、Green pine chip inlaid combination utensils, etc.。The predecessor of these jade wares，The jade articles with Tao Temple culture are mainly，There is also the late jade artifact of Shijiahe culture。It can be said，The formation of jade groups with the characteristics of the Erlitou cultural era，Mainly developed on the basis of Tao Temple Cultural Jade and Shijiahe Culture Late Jade。

Its three，New large jade，Mainly for the honor of bet365 live casino games the ceremonial weapons。Ruya teeth、Yuqi、Yu Ge、Bringing the toothya knife, etc.，All from the tomb，All of the honors。The emergence of large -scale honor jade articles，is the most basic characteristic of the erythri cultural jade。Most of these jade jade articles starting from the third phase of Erlitou Culture，So you can also think，Terminus jade is the three -mi culture three、The main feature of the fourth phase of jade。

Four，The boring process of jade artificial production appears。Such as the removal process shown by the Master of Zhengzhou Master Gusu Cup，Not found on the jade artificial before Erlitou culture。

Its five，produced a number of jade ornaments with the characteristics of the times。such as fine and convex land reduction thin yang lines，Extremely regular bump string pattern，Line pattern with slender three lines and grid composed of its mesh，Dense and bumpy fine lines，Eye patterns in human face decoration gradually evolved towards the "Chen" shape，Cloud lightning pattern，and the rise of the decorative decoration of 扉 扉。These jade ornaments with the characteristics of the times，It is mainly reflected in the tooth、Yuqi、Bringing the Great Yatsu Knife、On the jade handles，Most of them have begun to appear in the third phase of Erlitou Culture。

In addition to the line pattern of the slender three lines and the grid composed of it，Most of them are the further development of Shijiahe cultural late jade ornaments。This shows two important phenomena。First, the jade manufacturing bet365 Play online games process of the late Shijiahe culture，is the main source of the production process of Erlitou cultural jade。The second is the line pattern of the slender three lines and the grid composed of its composition，is the most significant feature of Erlitou cultural jade ornaments。Based on this feature，It can be determined that the era and archaeological cultural attributes of archeological culture and units or handed down jade outside Erlitou culture。

Its six，The combination of cultural jade，Basic features with jade handle and other various ceremonial jade articles。This jade combination is mainly reflected in the tomb of Erlitou culture。

The above characteristics，It is the basic characteristic of jade ware between the Central Plains from 1750 BC and 1530 BC，And it is mainly reflected in Erlitou Culture Three、Issue 4，That is, the basic characteristics of jade wares between 1610 BC and 1530 BC。

　　Research progress and existing problems

What needs to be pointed out is，Erlitou cultural jade is the most representative of the most representative of the tomb of the Erlou site。Although these tombs have more funerals，But the scale is not large，The social status of the tomb owner is not very high，The unearthed jade articles are based on ceremonial jade wares，It also shows the identity of these tombs，Most of them are ordinary nobles，Such as a high -level servant，instead of high -level nobles。

Based on this phenomenon，We think，Erlitou's high -level cultural jade，The royal jade ware used by "King"，Perhaps it has not been found，Perhaps it has been found in other Bet365 app download cultural relics after Erlitou culture and has not been recognized。Through so you can think about，Erlitou Cultural Jade Ware I know now，It was just the tip of the iceberg of a large number of high -end jade articles during that period! In the future, the discovery of the cultural royal jade of Erlitou，will greatly enrich our understanding of the characteristics of the cultural jade of Erlou。

The establishment of the Xia Dynasty、The development of Xia culture，Create a new world of jade manufacturing technology，The cultural connotation of jade articles is also deeper，This has reached a peak of the era of Chinese jade in the summer period。These jade shapes are unique，Production Seiko，Special usage method，Rich meaning，Thick shape and cultural connotation，It was a special product used by the upper nobles of the society at that time，It is an important material for exploring Xia Shi。but，At present, the summer jade in the summer discovered，and the understanding of these jade wares found，Especially the understanding of these jade use functions still needs to be improved。

We think，Erlitou Culture 3、Phase II Jade，Maybe it may be the jade ware during Shangtang Zhaosha.。Erlitou Culture 3, which is currently discovered with distinctive times、Phase III Jade，Individuals are the extension of jade artificially used in the Xia Dynasty，and most of the jade wares are like developed teeth、Yu Ge、Bringing the Great Yatsu Knife、Yuqi, etc.，It is the honor supplies of the Xiashe period。

bet365 live casino games Tooth、Yu Ge、Yuqi is the three -shaped special jade weapon created and inventing in the summer period。If the toothy discovered in Xinzhai period before the first period of Erlitou Culture、Yuqi，Simple shape，Lack of teeth decoration or only minimalist teeth，All are practical weapons。This body is produced by large jade weapons，It is up to the demand for jade shape with the Xia Dynasty，is a sign of the advent of a new era。These three types of jade are three、Phase IV has been used as a honor of symbolic weapons。Where，Ya Yan accompanied by the destroy of the Xia Dynasty、The diffusion of the Xia tribe spreads the Quartet，and accompanied by Erlitou Xiashe being eliminated and gradually withdrew from the historical stage in the Central Plains region，But in the Sanxingdui culture of the Chengdu Plain。Yu Ge、Yu Qi has been further developed after Erlitou culture。

Erlitou Culture 3、Issue 4 of the tooth、Yu Ge、Yuqi，and Big Jade Knife、Jade、Green Songs Bronze Medal, etc.，or even palace、Gongcheng, etc.，A cultural rejuvenation phenomenon presented on the old capital of the Xia Dynasty。

To sum up，The two miles of the two miles currently discovered are just the summer period、Xia Dynasty、The corner of the iceberg of the old capital of the Xia Dynasty，It is also the corner of the iceberg of the first era in the development of Chinese jade culture。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)