2011 to 2012，A few things that have shocked researchers in the field of social psychology。First, Cornell University's social psychologist Bem (BEM) publishes papers in the top social psychological semester "Prove" people can predict the future，and P & LT; 0.05，I was questioned by many researchers for a while。Dutch social psychologist Stapel has been reported to have data fraud in the papers published in the Science magazine，The subsequent survey indicates，Stapel made large -scale data fraud，There are 58 papers published in the fake。Since then，Classic experiments of Bargh at Yale University Professor Bargh (Bargh) -The elderly launch experiments cannot be repeated，and Bacc's criticism of repeated research has attracted the attention of many researchers。

Fermentation of these events，Let the social psychology community、The psychological community and even the entire scientific community have begun to pay attention to a problem -how many published research can be repeated? Psychological circles of the concerns of duplicable issues and Ioannidis, etc.，Treating a lot of discussions。In the discussion in the past ten years，The international academic community not only formed a basic consensus on repetitiveness，Also launched a "Open Science Movement" on the Internet，It has an important impact on the practice of basic science。This open scientific movement brought by repeated problems，I brought new opportunities and challenges to researchers。

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A series of new research practice generated in the Open Science Movement，Through academic association、Publishing Group、Academic journals and the policy of the foundation function。These new practice aims to enhance the openness in basic research、Transparency、recurability and tolerance。The following will briefly explain some important and widely adopted new practices。

1 is the pre -annotation，Bet365 app download The upcoming research plan register and publicize on a specific website。Through the initial research method of the researcher、Research hypothesis、Data analysis scheme, etc.，Able to avoid researchers to modify research assumptions due to various prejudices、Analysis scheme, etc.。A common prejudice is: modify data analysis methods and samples of collecting data based on whether the results are significant。Maintaining the initial research solution is transparent to help other researchers clearer the entire research process。Except for the researcher's own public registration，Some journals also accept registration reports，That is, the researchers submit their research plan to the journal，Journal reviews the scientific nature of the plan itself，If the review believes that the research is important and the method is proper，Then accept this study。Then，The author performs data collection，Analysis of data、Writing article。If subsequent data collection and analysis are completed along the idea of ​​the pre -annotation scheme，Journal will publish this paper，Regardless of whether the result supports the assumptions expected by the researcher。

The second is Preprint (Preprint)，That is, after the article is completed, it will be stored on a specific website for public。Pre -printing book can avoid problems caused by the long review cycle，can also solve the dispute of the first right。With the development of the open scientific movement，More and more researchers tend to put their own papers on the text on the pre -printed service，such as ARXIV、biorxiv、PSYARXIV, etc.; Chinese Academy of Sciences Library also developed Chinese pre -printing platform Chinaxiv.org。Citation rate of this paper through comparative pre -print books and no pre -printing this paper，Researchers found that pre -print papers will be cited more。

Third, Open Access，That is, you can read academic papers without paying.。Its essence is to make basic research results — academic papers to achieve its original purpose，means Bet365 lotto review to benefit the ordinary public。Most of the basic research is to expand human knowledge，Its funders are often government or charity。Government funds are essentially part of the taxpayer taxpayer。In the traditional Western scientific publishing mode，Publishing Group provides a platform，Scientific researchers provide papers and peer reviews，The paper is sold uniformly after the layout of the Publishing Group，Research institutions or university libraries will spend huge sums of money to buy。That is to say，Research results funded by public funds，After the publishing group is simple packaging and sorting out，Buy again from public funds。In this mode，Scientific researchers while completing academic exchanges between peers，By the way, a large amount of taxpayer's money is transferred from the government to the publisher's pocket，The services provided by the publisher are mainly limited to typesetting、Printing or electronic resource aggregation, etc.。From this，Many researchers point out that more reasonable methods should be adopted，Avoid publishers' improper profit，The scientific research achievements that advocate the funding of public funds -scientific papers obtain it for free for the public。

Fourth is Open Data，The relevant data that is about to be studied for disclosure，Easy to facilitate other research data or repeat the results of the data analysis in the paper，Test that its duplicability。Different data involved in different research areas，The degree of openness will also be different。During the public data，You need to pay attention to the balance between personal privacy and data and nature。That is to say，The opening of the data is not a two -point or not，Instead, a continuous spectrum from completely unpopular to complete disclosure。The advantage of open data is that the data can be used again，enable researchers to make more effective use of existing resources，The progress of accelerated research。

Five is Open Materials，The relevant materials that are about to be studied bet365 best casino games for public。Experimental materials used in different research areas may be different，But from the perspective of repeatedness，If the experimental materials are not open，Researchers may be difficult to truly test the research method，to increase the difficulties of subsequent research for repeated verification。

Six is ​​the open code，Code open for data analysis is open。Due to the increasingly complicated data analysis，It is difficult for researchers to describe all the analysis it carried out in detail，For example, many methods can be experimented through different code，Different code may produce different results，Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether it can be repeated。

Seven is to encourage repeated verification research，That is, academic organizations and journals encourage direct repeated research，Use such research as a test of previous results。Its purpose is to avoid the mechanism of directly repeating being ignored and resulting in the loss of self -correction in the scientific community。Some psychological school magazines，such as psychological science，Direct repeated research on registered registration has been started。

Eight is enhanced promotional and representative samples。This is mainly to test whether a certain effect can be promoted in different groups。This is particularly important for psychological research，Because the international psychological community has been tested with Europe, America, especially North White College Students for a long time，Obviously not enough to represent the situation of all mankind。

　　Open science is beneficial to basic research

Improve research efficiency。Due to data、Material、Code, etc. can be reused，Researchers can test their research assumptions faster，Different researchers can dig the same batch of data from different angles，Novices can learn faster，This greatly accelerates the progress of basic research。At the same time，Open acquisition to allow information flow acceleration，Can form more rigorous approach。

Improve research quality。bet365 live casino games Due to open data、Open materials and open code means more stringent peer evaluation，Researchers themselves will be more rigorous，Data from the original author team、The shortcomings in the materials or code are also easier to be discovered and improved，Therefore, the quality of research will also be improved。Emphasis on Direct Experiment，It also helps to test the original research directly，to improve the quality of research。

Make research more economical。Data opens adds the re -utilization rate of data，Reduced the cost of collecting data。and enhanced repetitive requirements，Make uncertain research avoid being regarded as facts，Then it helps reduce the follow -up and resource investment of subsequent researchers。

Make researchers healthier。Strengthen the openness and repetitiveness of basic research，It helps improve the mental health level of researchers。Open science emphasizes the spirit of criticism with the spirit of criticism，Early researchers, especially early career development, have depression and frustration when they face duplication failure; enhancement can help reduce the possibility of researchers' duplicate failure，to avoid unnecessary failure and setbacks。

Open Scientific Movement brings opportunities to developing countries。One aspect，On the new scientific research mode of open science，Developed countries and developed countries are on the same starting line，Therefore, new scientific research methods can be used in practice。On the other hand，Open science means opening a lot of data and resources，Developing countries can more conveniently obtain resources and scientific papers，Avoid the disadvantages caused by information and data uneven。

　　Open science brings new challenges

Infrastructure。Open science means that researchers need unified platforms to store data、Materials and code electronic resources，Infrastructure that needs to be easy to use。Current，OSF internationally internationally、INDI、Openneuro、Dataverse and other data platforms for a single field。How bet365 Play online games to build it for researchers to use、Submit、An open platform for maintenance，Is a challenge facing researchers in basic fields, especially researchers in developing countries，Otherwise, you can only upload your country's data to the international platform。

Security and privacy。Open Data、Materials and code need to consider the problem of protecting privacy and ensuring data security。Although most of the public data has been anonymized，But with the advancement of technology，These anonymous data may no longer be anonymous in the future。How to ensure the security of the data，Privacy of protecting data providers，It is a common problem faced by scientific researchers and other members of the digital era，Need to clearly stipulate at the policy and legal level。

Thinking Formula。Open science has formed a challenge for researchers' way of thinking。In traditional research，Data collectors tend to think that they are the owner of the data。but actually，The owner of the data is the data provider (subject) or the funder (government or other funds) who collect data funds。In traditional basic research，There is no clear division of the ownership of the data，The era of open science needs to further clarify the attribution and open method of data，Policies need further exploration。

Evaluation and reward system。open science requires new evaluation and reward system。In the traditional research system，Pay attention to "new" and pay attention to "reliable" insufficient，Therefore, tend to publish new differences，No encouragement repeated research。At the same time，In the reward of the researchers，Pay attention to publishing articles without paying attention to the meaning of research behind the article。These practices in traditional research are closely related to repeated crisis。Open Scientific Movement needs to change these practices，This will be a severe challenge。

Training System。open science requires a new research practice，These practice is still in the exploration。Most basic scientific researchers are also training the bet365 Play online games next generation of researchers，Therefore, how to conduct training will also be a challenge。

In short，Systemic reflection caused by the open scientific movement，has brought major changes to basic research，These changes are a huge opportunity for basic research，It is also a huge challenge。Scientific researchers in basic research，You need to actively welcome the challenge，Grasp opportunities，Make better research。

　　(Author Unit: School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University)