2011 to 2012，Several things that shocked researchers have occurred in the field of social psychology。First, Bem, a social psychologist from Cornell University, published a paper in a top social psychology journal "proving" that people can predict the future，andp<0.05，Subject to doubt by many researchers。Dutch social psychologist Stapel was reported to have falsified data in a paper he published in Science magazine，Subsequent investigation revealed，Stapel committed large-scale data fraud，Fakely published 58 papers。Afterwards，Yale University psychology professor Bargh’s classic experiment—the old-age priming experiment cannot be repeated，Baci’s radical criticism of repeated bet365 bonus bets has attracted the attention of many researchers。

The fermentation of these events，Let the community of social psychology、The psychology community and even the entire scientific community have begun to pay attention to a question-how many published studies can be replicated？The psychology community’s attention to reproducibility issues and Ioannidis and others’ emphasis on reproducibility in biomedicine converge through online social platforms，Caused a lot of discussion。In discussions over the past ten years，The international academic community has not only formed a basic consensus on reproducibility，Also launched an "bet365 bonus bets Movement" on the Internet，Has an important impact on the practice of basic science。The bet365 bonus bets movement brought about by the reproducibility problem，Brings new opportunities and challenges to researchers。

　　Exploring new bet365 bonus bets practices in open science

A series of new bet365 bonus bets practices arising from the open science movement，Through academic associations、Publishing Group、Academic journals and foundation policies。These new practices are designed to enhance openness in basic bet365 bonus bets、Transparency、Reproducibility and Inclusion。The following is a brief description of some of the more important and widely adopted new practices。

The first is preregistration，The practice of registering and making public bet365 bonus bets plans on a specific website。By recording the researcher’s initial bet365 bonus bets methods、bet365 bonus bets hypothesis、Data analysis plan, etc.，It can prevent researchers from subsequently modifying bet365 bonus bets hypotheses due to various biases、Analysis plan, etc.。A common bias is to modify the data analysis method and sample size of the data collected based on whether the results are significant。Making the initial bet365 bonus bets protocol transparent helps other researchers understand the entire bet365 bonus bets process。Except for researchers’ own public registration，Some journals also accept registration reports，That is, the researcher submits his or her bet365 bonus bets plan to the journal，The journal evaluates the scientific nature of the plan itself，If the reviewer considers the bet365 bonus bets question to be important and the method to be appropriate，then accept the bet365 bonus bets in principle。Then，Author conducts data collection，And analyze the data、Write article。If subsequent data collection and analysis is completed along the lines of the pre-registration plan，Then the journal will publish the paper，Regardless of whether the results support the researcher’s desired hypothesis。

The second is preprint，That is, after the article is completed, it will be stored on a specific website and made public。Preprints can avoid problems caused by long review cycles，It can also resolve the dispute over the right to start the show。With the development of the bet365 bonus bets movement，More and more researchers tend to deposit their papers on preprint services after they are written，such as arXiv、bioRxiv、PsyarXiv et al；The Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also developed a Chinese preprint platform Chinaxiv.org。By comparing the citation rates of papers with and without preprints，Researchers find that papers with preprints are cited more。

The third is open access，You can read academic papers without paying。The essence is to make basic bet365 bonus bets results-academic papers achieve their original purpose，That is to benefit the general public。Most basic bet365 bonus bets is to expand human knowledge，The funders are often governments or charitable organizations。Government funds are essentially part of the taxes paid by taxpayers。In the traditional Western scientific publishing model，Publishing Group provides platform，Researchers provide papers and peer review，The papers will be sold together after being typed and sorted by the publishing group，bet365 bonus bets institutions or university libraries spend huge sums of money to purchase。In other words，bet365 bonus bets results funded by public funds，After being simply packaged and organized by the publishing group，Purchased again with public funds。In this mode，Scientific researchers are completing academic exchanges among peers，By the way, a lot of taxpayers' money was transferred from the government to the publishers' pockets，The services provided by publishers are mainly limited to typesetting、Aggregation of printed or electronic resources, etc.。From this，Many researchers pointed out that a more reasonable method should be adopted，Prevent publishers from improper profits，Promote scientific bet365 bonus bets results funded by public funds - scientific papers are freely accessible to the public。

The fourth is Open Data，bet365 bonus bets-related data will be made public soon，To facilitate other studies to reuse the data or repeat the data analysis results in the paper，Check its repeatability。Due to the different data involved in different bet365 bonus bets fields，The degree of disclosure will also vary。In the process of disclosing data，Need to pay attention to the trade-off between personal privacy and data accessibility。In other words，The openness of data is not a dichotomy of yes or no，It is a continuum from complete non-disclosure to complete disclosure。The benefit of open data is that data can be reused，Enable researchers to make more effective use of existing resources，Accelerate the progress of bet365 bonus bets。

The fifth is open bet365 bonus bets materials (Open Materials)，bet365 bonus bets-related materials will be made public soon。The experimental materials used in different bet365 bonus bets fields may vary greatly，But from a repeatability perspective，If the experimental materials cannot be opened，It may be difficult for researchers to truly test bet365 bonus bets methods，Thus increasing the difficulty of repeated verification in subsequent studies。

The sixth is Open Code，The code for bet365 bonus bets analysis will be opened soon。Due to the increasing complexity of bet365 bonus bets analysis，It is difficult for researchers to describe in detail all the analyzes they conducted，For example, many methods can be experimented with different codes，Different codes may produce different results，So it is difficult to determine whether it can be repeated。

Seventh, encourage repeated confirmatory bet365 bonus bets，That is, academic organizations and journals encourage direct replication of bet365 bonus bets，Conduct such studies as a test of previous results。The purpose is to avoid direct repetitions being ignored and causing the scientific community to lose its self-correction mechanism。Some psychology journals，such as Psychological Science，Already encouraging registered direct replication studies。

The eighth is to enhance generalizability and sample representativeness。This point is mainly to test whether a certain effect can be generalized in different groups。This is especially important for psychological bet365 bonus bets，Because the international psychology community has long used European and American, especially North American, white college students as subjects，Obviously not representative of the situation of all mankind。

　　Open science benefits basic bet365 bonus bets

Improve bet365 bonus bets efficiency。Due to data、Material、Code etc. can be reused，Researchers can test their bet365 bonus bets hypotheses faster，Different researchers can mine the same batch of data from different angles，Newbies can learn faster，This greatly accelerates the progress of basic bet365 bonus bets。At the same time，Open access accelerates the flow of information，Ability to develop more rigorous practices faster。

Improve bet365 bonus bets quality。Thanks to open data、Open materials and open code mean more rigorous peer evaluation，Researchers themselves will also be more rigorous，Data from the original author team、Defects in materials or codes are also easier to find and improve，Therefore the quality of bet365 bonus bets will also improve。Emphasis on direct replication of experiments，It also helps to directly test the original bet365 bonus bets，Thus improving the quality of bet365 bonus bets。

Make bet365 bonus bets more economical。Data openness increases the reuse rate of data，Reduced cost of collecting data。The requirement to enhance repeatability，Prevent unrepeatable bet365 bonus bets from being accepted as fact，This will help reduce the follow-up and resource investment of subsequent researchers。

Make researchers healthier。Strengthening the openness and reproducibility of basic bet365 bonus bets，Help improve researchers’ mental health。Open Science emphasizes looking at published bet365 bonus bets in a critical spirit，Making researchers, especially early career researchers, prone to depression and frustration when faced with repeated failures；Enhancing reproducibility helps reduce the possibility of repeated failures by researchers，To avoid unnecessary failures and setbacks。

The open science movement brings opportunities to developing countries。On the one hand，On the new scientific bet365 bonus bets model of open science，Developing countries and developed countries are on the same starting line，So that new scientific bet365 bonus bets methods can be quickly adopted in practice。On the other hand，Open science means the openness of a large amount of data and resources，Developing countries have easier access to resources and scientific papers，Avoid the disadvantages caused by imbalanced information and data。

　　bet365 bonus bets brings new challenges

Infrastructure。Open science means that researchers need a unified platform to store bet365 bonus bets、Electronic resources such as materials and codes，Requires easy-to-use infrastructure。Currently，There is already OSF internationally、INDI、Openneuro、Dataverse and other bet365 bonus bets platforms targeting individual fields。How to build a structure that is convenient for researchers to use、Submit、Maintained public platform，This is a challenge faced by researchers in basic fields, especially those in developing countries，Otherwise, you can only upload your own country’s bet365 bonus bets to the international platform。

Security and Privacy。Open bet365 bonus bets、Materials and codes need to consider protecting privacy and ensuring bet365 bonus bets security。Although most of the public bet365 bonus bets has been anonymized，But with the advancement of technology，These anonymous bet365 bonus bets may no longer be anonymous in the future。How to ensure bet365 bonus bets security，Protect the privacy of bet365 bonus bets providers，It is a common problem faced by scientific researchers and other members of society in the digital era，Needs to be clearly defined at policy and legal levels。

Thinking Set。Open science challenges the way researchers think。In traditional bet365 bonus bets，Data collectors tend to think of themselves as the owners of the data。But actually，The owner of the data is the data provider (subject) or the funder (government or other fund) that provides funds to collect the data。Under traditional basic bet365 bonus bets，There is no clear division of data ownership，The era of open science needs to further clarify the ownership and disclosure methods of data，Need further exploration on policy。

Evaluation and reward system。Open science needs a new evaluation and reward system。In the traditional bet365 bonus bets system，There is too much emphasis on “newness” but not enough emphasis on “reliability”，Therefore tend to publish novel bet365 bonus bets，Repeated bet365 bonus bets is not encouraged。At the same time，In the rewards for individual researchers，Emphasis on publishing articles but not the significance of the bet365 bonus bets behind the articles。These practices in traditional bet365 bonus bets are closely related to the reproducibility crisis。The open science movement needs to change these practices，This will be a serious challenge。

Training system。Open science requires new bet365 bonus bets practices，These practices are still being explored。Most basic researchers are also training the next generation of researchers，So how to conduct training will also be a challenge。

In short，Systematic reflection brought about by the open science movement，Brought major changes to basic bet365 bonus bets，These changes are huge opportunities for basic bet365 bonus bets，Also a huge challenge。bet365 bonus bets workers in basic bet365 bonus bets，Need to actively meet challenges，Seize the opportunity，Do better bet365 bonus bets。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University)