In modern society,Both men and women have multiple roles and identities,The most typical role that can be thought of in family life is the person who earns money to support the family、Caregiver。Theoretically,Individuals of different genders may become typical roles in the family based on their own personality traits,Or take on different roles at the same time。But the reality is,Some social roles of men and women are still limited by long-term bet with bet365 role concepts and lack flexibility。bet with bet365 roles generally refer to society or culture’s appropriate expectations for normative behavior patterns for both sexes。In a modern social environment that advocates bet with bet365 equality and justice,Understand the impact of bet with bet365 stereotypes and role representation on bet with bet365 roles,Understand the current status of men and women in the division of family roles,Aware of changing bet with bet365 role dynamics,Is important for achieving bet with bet365 equality。
Traditional bet with bet365 roles and stereotypes
Social role theory is one of the important theories in bet with bet365 role research。The theory claims,bet with bet365 differences in social behavior originate from the division of labor between the sexes established by society,This division of labor leads to differences in bet with bet365 role expectations and bet with bet365 development skills,Steady expectations and evolving skills promote different social behaviors between men and women。Normally,Characteristics and behaviors associated with masculinity or femininity are largely determined by sociocultural stereotypes。Before the social role theory was proposed,The dominant theories surrounding traditional bet with bet365 roles are rooted in the functionalist perspective found in sociological writings。From this perspective,Men and women are biologically driven to take on the roles of breadwinner and caregiver respectively,And believe that men and women are inherently related to these roles。This view does not allow or consider the possibility of any flexible changes in these social roles。Thinking based on functionalism,Social role theory further believes that,People realize the division of labor by seeing men and women playing different social roles,This division of labor is directly affected by the historical background、The impact of current context and awareness of biological sex differences。
bet with bet365 stereotypes are a derivative of social role theory and bet with bet365 role concepts,Reflects people’s solid understanding of men and women’s daily life,That is, it conveys to individuals in society what kind of behavior men should perform,What kind of behavior is suitable for women,It often provides a socially acceptable standard。Most of an individual’s activities are determined by different social roles and corresponding behaviors,The bet with bet365 distribution ratio in social roles reflects the ubiquity of bet with bet365 stereotypes in life。If a group of people are frequently observed engaging in a specific activity,They are likely to believe that the abilities and traits required to perform this activity are typical of this group of people。Research results and practical experience show,Continued to observe more women taking on caregiving roles,People may think and believe that characteristics necessary for caring behavior (such as nurturing and warmth) are typical of women;Same,Due to seeing men taking on the role of the main financial supporter in the family more than women,People are more likely to view instrumentality and dominance as typical male characteristics。
Two core dimensions of human behavior are related to two typical stereotypes of bet with bet365。In the early days of bet with bet365 studies,These characteristics are called communion and agency,Reflects the two basic ways of human survival, namely independence and collective,And believe that men are more independent,Women are more collective;The typical characteristic of men is instrumentality、Dominance and confidence,The typical characteristic of women is that they are good at expressing、Passionate and caring about others。In recent years, relevant research and theory have also studied stereotypes about women and men,Although the packaging is slightly different,such as enthusiasm and competence in the stereotype content model,But overall,These different perspectives all exploit the tendency to expect fundamental differences between men and women。
bet with bet365 role concepts from different perspectives
With the changes of the times,People’s concepts of family bet with bet365 roles are also constantly changing。Based on data from the third national survey on the status of women,Chinese bet with bet365 concepts of men and women are in a state of transition between tradition and modernity,But women’s bet with bet365 concepts are generally more modern,This is especially true among young women;Men’s bet with bet365 concepts are more traditional,And shows a high degree of consistency and stability among different age groups。In fact,Over the past half century,Economy、The convergence of social and technological factors has enabled most women to enter the paid labor market。Social psychology also continues to focus on fields still dominated by men (science、Technology、Bias and barriers that hinder the advancement of women in engineering and mathematics,However, few similar efforts have been made to understand and correct a female-dominated field (nursing、Early Education、The lack of men in family roles。
These bet with bet365 inequalities in the labor market also extend to the division of roles in the family。In modern life,Although most women and men are burdened with dual pressures from family and career,But judging from the situation of the China Women’s Social Status Survey (CWSSS),In a dual-income family,Although men contribute increasingly to childcare and housework,But most women still bear the main burden of taking care of the family and raising children,Compared to men,Their workload of housework still increases disproportionately,This greatly affects their job prospects and actual income。Research data shows,Men and women with equal bet with bet365 concepts will be more accepting of equal sharing of housework between husband and wife,But the amount and type of housework a wife undertakes is often affected by her husband’s actual behavior。In real life,Although some couples are willing to divide household chores equally,But housework activities are often distributed according to the traditional bet with bet365 division of labor。For example,When fathers accompany their children in activities (such as playing、Reading, etc.),Mothers are still more likely to do housework taking care of their children (such as feeding、Bathing, etc.)。Women with strong egalitarian preferences in romantic relationships believe that,Expected egalitarianism is unrealistic,They may end up having to find a partner who will only help them with housework to a certain extent。
For men,The existence of bet with bet365 stereotypes,It further strengthens the idea that the male is the main character、The existing division of family roles within the heroine,Making it a matter of course for men to support their families。Being a “stay-at-home dad、When a family division of labor such as "women are strong and men are weak" appears,“Eat soft food、Negative labels such as “not capable” also followed.,No matter how outstanding the contribution of men in taking care of the family,Once you lack career achievements or do not play the traditional role of breadwinner,It is still difficult to gain recognition from society and family。And this stereotype and role concept of men makes men and women believe in it at a young age。When young people think about their future,No matter how equal the attitude is,They often admit,You will also fall into a similar bet with bet365 pattern after getting married and settling down。Although male stereotypes are less likely to change,But many men say they are increasingly interested in helping with housework and childcare。There are also corresponding research findings,The personalities and behaviors of fathers and mothers are expected to become increasingly similar,This pattern of change is especially evident for fathers。
From a social and cultural perspective,Since the lives of bet with bet365 and women are constituted by their cultural background and daily social interactions,We will find out,With the increase in modern women’s independent access to economic resources and improvement in social status,When choosing a partner for yourself,They care more about the family-oriented qualities of their long-term partners。Some phenomena and research hints,Women speak negatively of bet with bet365 who ignore crying babies,More favorable towards bet with bet365 who are making babies happy or cleaning up。Compared to bet with bet365 who did not interact with infants,bet with bet365 who play with babies are more likely to receive positive attention from women。
bet with bet365 roles are dynamic
What’s interesting,As time goes by,Women have become more independent than before,Men are also more collective than before。In addition,Social role theory suggests a cyclical (and perhaps not entirely symmetrical) process of change。For example,When the bet with bet365 representation within a particular character begins to change,People’s bet with bet365 stereotypes are gradually loosening。Let’s take an example,When the role of housework no longer completely points to the mother or the role of economic supply no longer completely points to the father,People’s perceptions of the stereotyped characteristics and typical social roles of men and women will also change。The skills and traits required by the role itself no longer point to one type of group,In other words,When men have the skills to take care of the family,Must have good expression、Some collective characteristics such as enthusiasm and concern for others,This also provides conditions for breaking the inherent stereotypes of men。Classic Research Discovery,When both men and women are described as the primary caregivers of the family,They are all considered to have low ability and high enthusiasm,When both men and women are described as staff,They are all considered to be high in ability and low in enthusiasm。Such a result fully proves,Stereotypes are more closely linked to character identities,Not just based on a person’s biological sex。This enlightens us,Changing the fixed concept of social roles themselves is the key to changing bet with bet365 stereotyped behaviors。
bet with bet365 equality is an issue that all countries and regions are actively paying attention to,China regards bet with bet365 equality as individual independence、An important manifestation of comprehensive development。Although people's bet with bet365 roles are still affected by "the male dominates"、The influence and limitations of the traditional concept of "female housewife",But social roles are based on traditional bet with bet365 stereotypes and the culture in which they live、The product of dynamic interaction with the environment。When an individual is exposed to bet with bet365 role information and previous concepts、When personal experience is inconsistent,The individual’s self-role perception will also undergo some changes。The dynamic development of bet with bet365 roles provides us with different directions of thinking。First,Relative equality in occupations can enable individuals of different genders to calmly face the role transition between family and occupation。Secondly,A healthy dynamic division of labor in the family can ensure that men and women can freely develop their strengths,Not necessarily according to the traditional division of roles。final,An individual’s self-role can be chosen regardless of biological bet with bet365 or fixed ideas,Able to achieve positive changes based on interpersonal interactions in multiple roles。
(Author’s Affiliation: School of bet with bet365, Northwest Normal University)
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