In modern society，Men and women have multiple character identities，如家庭生活中能够想到的比较典型的角色是挣钱养家的人、People who take care of the family。theoretically，Individuals of different gender may become a typical character in the family based on their own personality characteristics，or taking into account different roles at the same time。But the reality is，Social characters of some men and women are still limited by the concept of gender role that have been formed for a long time and lack of flexibility。性别角色一般是指社会或文化对两性合乎规范行为模式的适当期望。In the modern social environment that advocates gender equality and fairness，Understand the impact of gender stereotypes and character characteristics on gender characters，Understand the status quo of men and women in family roles，Aware of the dynamic changes of gender characters，It is of great significance to achieve gender equality。

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Social role theory is one of the important theories of gender character research。The theoretical proposition，Gender differences in social behavior originated from the gender labor division of labor formulated by society，这种分工导致了性别角色期望及性别发展技能上的差异，The expectations of curing and continuous development have promoted the different manifestations of men and women in social behavior。bet365 Play online games Usually，The characteristics and behaviors related to male or feminine are largely determined by social and cultural prejudice。Before the theory of social character was proposed，The dominant theory of traditional gender characters is rooted in functional perspectives rooted in sociological works。From this perspective，Men and women are physically driven to bear the role of supporting their families and taking care of their families，And think that men and women are born with these characters。这种观点不允许也不考虑这些社会角色有任何灵活变动的可能性。Thinking of functionalism，Social role theory is further considered，People are a labor division of labor by seeing men and women playing different social roles，This division of labor is directly subject to historical background、The influence of the current situation and the influence of the difference in physiological gender。

　　性别刻板印象是社会角色理论和性别角色观念的一种衍生物，Reflects people's solidification of men and women's daily life，即向社会中的个体传达了什么样的行为是男性该实施的，What kind of behavior is suitable for women，It often provides a social acceptable standard。个体的大部分活动是由不同的社会角色及相应的行为决定的，The gender distribution ratio in social characters reflects the phenomenon commonly existed in life。If people often observe a group of people engaged in a specific activity，They are likely to believe that the ability and characteristics of this activity to perform this activity are typical features of this group of people。Research results and actual experience bet365 best casino games indicate，Continue observing more women to take care of the family's role，People may consider and believe in the characteristics (such as raising and warmth) that are necessary for care.，由于看到男性比女性更多地担任家庭中主要经济支撑者的角色，It is easier for people to regard the typical features of men's and dominance as men。

The two core dimensions in human behavior are just related to the two typical stereotypes of gender。Early in gender research，These features are called conjunction and energy，The two basic methods that embody human survival are independent and collective，and think that men are more independent，Women are more collective; typical features of men are instrumentality、dominance and confidence，The typical feature of women is good at expressing、Passionate and concerned about others。Related research and theories in recent years have also studied the stereotypes of women and men，Although the packaging method is slightly different，For example, the enthusiasm and ability in the stereotype content model，But overall，These different views use the tendency of people's expectations for fundamental differences in the existence of men and women。

　　Gender character concept in different perspectives

With the change of the times，The concept of gender roles of people is constantly changing。Discovery data based on the third phase of the national women's status survey，The gender concept of two sexes in Chinese men and women is in the transition state of tradition and modernity，But the gender concept of women is generally more modernized，It is even more of the young women; the gender concept of men is more traditional，and show high consistency and stability between different ages。In fact，bet365 live casino games In the past half a century，Economy、The fusion of social and technical factors enables most women to have the opportunity to enter the paid labor market。Social Psychology also continues to pay attention to the fields that are still dominated by men (science、Technology、Engineering and Mathematics) The prejudice and obstacles that hinder the progress of women's progress，不过却很少作出类似的努力来理解和纠正女性主导的领域（护理、Early Education、Family characters) The lack of men in men。

These gender inequality in the labor market also extended to the character division of roles in the family field。In modern life，虽然多数女性和男性都同时承担着来自家庭和职业的双重压力，不过从中国妇女社会地位调查（CWSSS）的情况来看，In the family of dual employees，Although men's contribution to children's conservation and housework is getting greater and greater，但多数女性仍然主要承担着照顾家庭与抚育子女的重担，Compared with men，Their housework is still increasing properly，This has greatly affected their working prospects and actual income。Research data indicates，具有平等性别观念的男性和女性会更能接受夫妻双方平等分担家务，但妻子承担的家务劳动数量和类型时常受到丈夫实际行为的影响。In real life，Although some couples are willing to allocate housework in their personal wishes，But often use traditional gender division of labor to allocate housework。For example，When the father accompanies the children to perform activities (such as playing、Reading, etc.)，Mothers are still Bet365 app download more likely to do housework for taking care of children (such as feeding、Bathing, etc.)。Women who hold strong equality preferences in love relationships think，The expected equalism is unrealistic，They may eventually have to find a partner who will only help them do housework to a certain extent。

For men，The existence of gender stereotypes，More enhanced "Male Outside、Female Lord "existing family role division，Moving the male supporting family into a natural thing。When "Full -time Dad、Family division of households such as female strong men，"Eat soft rice、Unprocessed "also followed，No matter how outstanding the men's contribution to the family，Once a lack of career achievements or does not play a traditional family role，It is still difficult to get recognition from society and family。and this stereotype and character concept of men made men and women believe in their youth。Light people think of their future，No matter how equal the attitude is，They often admit，It will also fall into a similar gender mode after getting married。Although it is more likely to change the stereotype of men，但不少男性表示他们越来越有兴趣帮忙做家务和照顾孩子。There are also corresponding research discoveries，The personality and behavior of the father and mother is expected to become more and more similar，And this change model is particularly obvious for my father。

From the perspective of social culture，Because the life of men and women is composed of their cultural background and daily social interaction，We will find，随着现代女性自主获得经济资源的增加和社会地位的提高，When choosing a partner for yourself，They also care about the quality Bet365 lotto review of Gu Jia, the long -term partner。Some phenomenon and research hints，Women hold a negative evaluation of men who ignore the crying baby，Men who are happy or cleaning for babies are more favored。Compared to men who do not interact with babies，Men who play with babies are more likely to get positive attention from women。

　　Gender characters are dynamic

The interesting thing is，Expressing over time，Women become more independent than before，Men are also more collective than before。other，Social role theory suggests a cycle (and may be incomplete) change process。For example，When the gender representation in a specific role begins to change,，People's stereotypes of gender are gradually loosen。For example，The role of the labor labor no longer completely points to the role of mother or economic supply no longer completely pointing to Dad，People's stereotypes of men and women and typical social role cognition will also change。The skills and traits required by the character itself are no longer pointing to a group of groups alone，In other words，When men have the skills to take care of the family，Must have good expression、Enthusiasm and care of some collective features such as others，This also provides conditions for breaking the inherent stereotype of men。Classic Studies Discovery，Men and women are described as the main carers of the family，All are considered to be low ability, high passion，while men and women are described as a staff staff，Both are considered high capacity, low and enthusiastic。Such results sufficient proof，The stereotype is linked to the character status more closely，instead of not just human physiological gender。This reveals us，bet365 Play online games 改变社会角色本身的固化观念是改变性别刻板化行为的关键。

Gender equality is a question that are actively concerned about various countries and regions，China even uses gender equality as an individual independent、An important manifestation of comprehensive development。Although people's gender characters will still be subject to "male lead、The influence and restrictions of the traditional concept of the female lead，But social characters are traditional gender stereotypes and culture、Products of dynamic interaction of the environment。The gender character information of the individual's contact with the previous concept、When personal experience is inconsistent，Individual self -character cognition will also change。The dynamic development of gender characters provides us with different thinking directions。First，The relative equal of occupation can make individuals with different gender calmly face the role change between families and careers。Next，良性的动态家庭分工可以保证男性和女性自由地发挥自己的优势，instead of the division of labor according to the traditional role。Last，个体的自我角色可以不依照生理性别和固定观念来选择，Can realize a benign change in multiple roles according to interpersonal interaction。

　(Author Unit: School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University)