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November 22, 2018，The Beijing Internet Court held the "Tibin Chain Release and Construction、Management、Application Seminar "，officially released the milestone product of the blockchain of the "Tibin Chain" in the judicial field，Get CCTV、Beijing time、Today Headline、On -site live broadcast and extensive reports of media such as Tencent News。

　　The world's first judicial blockchain -Introduction to the balance chain

A large number of litigation disputes in the Internet era will involve electronic data。Electronic data has become one of the types of legal evidence stipulated in the three major litigation laws in my country，But because electronic data has virtual spatiality，Related evidence、Stocking、Verification and other work is more difficult than traditional evidence，To a certain extent, it affects the evidence and proof of electronic data。and the balance chain is just to solve this litigation pain point。Adhering to "neutral、Open、Security、Controlled "principle，The Beijing Internet Court is the leading unit，Research Center of the National Industrial Information Security Development Research Center、Baidu、Trusting Technology and other leading domestic blockchain industry companies to form a co -construction unit，Union included Beijing High Court、Judicial Appraisal Center、Notary Office、Industry Organization、Large enterprise、Large Internet platforms and other 17 institutions formed a balanced chain as the blockchain node，attracted technical services、Intellectual property、Electronic contract、Financial Services、Access to 24 application units including third -party deposit certificates。

The balance chain is from the basic layer、Core layer、Management、Service layer、Application layer (Tianping Chain Electronic Evidence Stock Platform) and other composition。Records of information in the information in the balance of the Tianping Chain System、Storage、Verification and Communication。The core layer includes a bet365 Play online games consensus mechanism、Legend records、Digital signature、timing service、Smart Contracts and other functions。Management has node certification and authorization、Application access and authorization、cross -chain service management authority。The application layer provides users with credibility、Security、Fast blockchain application。As of the day of the meeting，Ending evidence of Tianping Chain more than 1 million pieces，All materials submitted by the parties through the electronic litigation platform are all performed through the balance chain，The number of certificates of deposit has reached 187623，Verifying evidence file 316。Current，Blockchain technology is widely used in finance、Information and communication and other fields。The Blockchain technology based on Bitcoin is different，It is controllable and controllable with judicial attributes、Safe and open alliance chain。Types through time、Location、Character、Earlier、In the event、After the six dimensions afterwards, solve the authentication of data "generating"，The full process record of electronic data has been truly realized、Full link is credible; not only greatly reduces the cost of Internet trial，and improve efficiency、Take into account both，It is conducive to further improving the construction of a social integrity system。

The pursuit of justice and efficiency reflected in the balance chain，The "Law Chain" theory proposed in the book "Blockchain+Supervision = Dharma Chain (Regchain"。The theory of "French Chain" is based on improving the effectiveness of financial supervision，Advocate the combination of blockchain with supervision，It aims to help build a fair、Efficient technology -driven rule of law。Tianpingchain uses the technical means of blockchain to implement evidence requirements in judicial practice，Tightly integrate the rule of law with the Internet business，"Treatment of the Internet with the Internet"，It is conducive to gradually realizing the standardization of Internet space governance。In a sense,，The balance chain is the real application of the "French Chain" theory in the judicial field，That is the blockchain+justice。

　The actual needs and technical advantages of blockchain justice

"French Chain" theory believes that the blockchain is in justice、Arbitration and other disputes in the field of dispute resolution are electronic deposit certificates。Compared to traditional evidence，Electronic evidence has virtual spatiality or digital spatiality。physical evidence、Book Symbols and other traditional evidence is in physical space，Case personnel can enter; and electronic evidence is in a virtual space or digital space composed of 0 and 1 digital signals，Case hand -in -law cannot enter directly，It must be used by software and hardware electronic devices to interact with electronic data。This feature of electronic evidence makes it easy to change、Easy to be tampered with and does not leave traces，It is a problem faced by the court's review and judgment of evidence。

and blockchain technology with data distributed storage、Commonly verified and recorded by the consensus node、traceable、It is difficult to tampered with and forged characteristics，It has a low cost as an electronic data storage platform、High efficiency、High stability and other advantages，It can meet the needs of the scene of the authenticity and integrity of the data that can meet the authenticity and integrity of the data。Blockchain technology can generate data chains connected by the data block and the first and tails between the blocks，to form an unable to tampering real data chain。Because each stamped timestamp (timeStamp) can ensure the originality of the data storage，Therefore, blockchain technology can effectively ensure the authenticity and integrity of electronic data。Under the traditional third -party certificate mode，The third -party certificate platform saves data on a unilateral server; and the blockchain certificate has introduced a consensus mechanism and decentralized, or distributed storage on the basis of the original encryption technology，Effectively avoided single -point fault，Enhanced data security。Take the balance chain as an example，The nodes of the balance chain are divided into authorization management nodes、First -level node and second -level node，All nodes can participate in data verification and records，You can verify bet365 Play online games the originality of a certain electronic data at any time in the future、authenticity。The above advantages of blockchain technology are the fundamental reasons that they are favored by the Internet court。Currently in the field of blockchain judicial，In addition to the Tyranian Chain of the Beijing Internet Court，Hangzhou Internet Court and Guangzhou Internet Court also applied blockchain technology to judicial work such as deposit certificates。my country's "French Chain" will continue to expand，Reshape the judicial system。

Legal support of blockchain justice

The blockchain deposit certificate has practical value only by being given legal effect。June 28, 2018，The Hangzhou Internet Court has first confirmed the legal effect of electronic data using blockchain technology deposit certificates in the case of infringing the information network dissemination rights in the information network of the work of the work.。September 7, 2018，The Supreme People's Court officially implemented the "Provisions on Several Issues on Trial Cases of Internet Courts" (hereinafter referred to as "Regulations")，Among them, Article 11, paragraph 2 stipulates: "Electronic data submitted by the parties，Electronic signature、Trusting timestamp、hash check check、Blockchain and other evidence collection、Technical means of fixed and tampering or passing through electronic certification and certification platform，It can prove its authenticity，Internet courts should confirm。"This is the first time that the Supreme People's Court has made a judicial interpretation of the authenticity of the electronic data deposit with blockchain technology，The legal effectiveness of the blockchain certificate has been further confirmed。September 9, 2018，The Beijing Internet Court accepted the first case -today's headline "Douyin Short Videos" complains about Baidu's subordinate company "Guide to Small Video" information network dissemination right case，The blockchain involved in this case、The certificate deposit model also has important guiding significance for the development direction of future Internet trials。

However, the blockchain certificate deposit technology is not an endorsement of the legal effect of evidence。Qualified blockchain certificate technology bet365 Play online games can only ensure that electronic data is not tampered with after the chain is on the chain，It can only play evidence in the storage or fixation stage。and the court reviews the authenticity of the electronic data, it is necessary to cover electronic data generation、Collect、Storage、The whole process of transmission，The authenticity of the electronic data stored in the blockchain before the chain、Integration，It is also necessary to consider whether the blockchain itself meets the relevant standards，Is it enough to ensure the storage of the stored electronic data、Not easy to tampered with。"Regulations", paragraph 1, paragraph 1,, rely on the software and hardware environment depended on electronic data、Generate subject and time、Storage and storage medium、Extracting and fixed subject, tools and methods、Content、Verifying and other aspects specifically specifically specifically specified the review and judgment rules of electronic data。Previously, the Hangzhou Internet Court also established the "technical neutral、Technical description、Case review "principles and four specific review methods。To sum up，my country's judicial organs' exploration and innovation of the blockchain deposit certificate have made effective contributions to the improvement of my country's network space judicial governance system and Internet litigation rules。

Another result of the theory of "French Chain" is "blockchain government affairs"。General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.，Deepen the simplified administration and decentralization，Innovative supervision method，Enhance government credibility and execution，Building a service -oriented government that the people are satisfied with "。To truly realize simplified administration and decentralization、Innovative supervision method，It cannot be separated from the assistance of cutting -edge technologies such as blockchain。Blockchain technology and big data、Combination of other technologies such as artificial intelligence，Can improve the government's management and service capabilities，Build safety、Efficient、Digital government、Smart Government，better Bet365 app download serving the people、Service real economy。

　　The essence of the blockchain is the reconstruction and change of production relations

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China mentioned more than 10 times to mention technology、More than 50 emphasis on innovation，Proposed to "speed up the construction of an innovative country"。In recent years，The strong implementation of the development strategy of innovation -driven development，A large number of major scientific and technological achievements came out one after another。Not only the market economy needs technology and innovation，Judicial trial and administrative management and other national governance levels also need science and technology and innovation，To build a technical -driven governance system，Promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities。Under the active application of the financial industry，Blockchain、Big Data、cutting -edge technologies such as artificial intelligence have been crowned with the title of "FinTech"。However, technology is neutral，When these technologies are applied to the judicial field，can be judicial technology (Juditech); when these technologies are applied to the administrative field，It can also be a government technology (Governtech)。Theory is from practice and guiding practice，Tyranian Chain、Blockchain Real Estate Electronic Volles and other "blockchain+governance" results have demonstrated the author's "law chain" theory，It has important socio -economic significance。

If the theory of "French Chain" provides a theoretical guidance for the application of blockchain technology in the upper -level building field of the judicialness，Then the "common votes" economic theory I advocated by the author is the reconstruction and revolution of blockchain on production relations。"Tickets" are translations with Chinese characteristics for "token"，Symptoms to be shared。Different from stocks that record the interests of a few people，A common ticket can share profits with most people，Share with ordinary workers and consumers。The pursuit of a common ticket is substantial sharing，By emerging technology, investors、Producer、Consumers are bet365 best casino games closely integrated，It is designed to break the monopoly of capital through institutional change and mechanism innovation。In short，my country is entering the era of digital economy，In the critical period of economic transformation，It is necessary to further develop the blockchain、Big Data、cutting -edge technologies such as artificial intelligence，Fully applied it to the law and other industries，Realization of both fairness and efficiency。

　　(Author Unit: Fintech Center of the National Development Institute of Renmin University of China、Law School of Renmin University of China)