Western public crisis management research has since its rise in the 1960s，Bo L. T. Hedberg、Paul L. Selbst、Karl E. Weick and other scholars have already noticed，Related research on the dimension of policy and public administrative symbols can be effectively applied in the field of crisis analysis，It is very helpful for building the theory of public crisis management。Modern Political Symbol Research on Murray Edelman (Murray Edelman) for the first time introduced political languages ​​into crisis analysis，The concepts such as "crisis created by semantics" and "crisis covered by semantics" and other concepts，The perception of the crisis depends to a large extent on the suggestion of the language。

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Of course，Acting to a large extent on social sciences is still in an era of empiricalism overwhelmingly dominates，The symbol of difficulty in quantitative analysis does not attract widespread attention from crisis managers。until 1993，Public crisis management expert Paul Techtharrt in "Symbol、Ritual and Power: In the article "Lack of Risk Research", "，It is clearly stated for the first time that symbols and rituals are important dimensions of crisis research。In his opinion，Most of the current empirical and functionalist crisis research is excessively bet365 Play online games pursuing objective observation and evaluation of social reality，So that the research scope of public crisis management is limited。Therefore, he proposed to start from the perspective of constructivism，The main theoretical resource symbolizing politics，Define the crisis as "the collapse of a symbolic framework，and this symbolic framework is part of the pre -existence of social life "。Based on this definition，Techt focused on the use of the "official" crisis manager's use of symbolic strategies，Especially the symbolic strategy of analyzing crisis management how to provide key political functions for power holders。He and then distinguish between three types of symbolic "crisis treatment devices": First, frame (Framing)，How to use symbolic language definition and interpretation of crisis situations，Affects the public's awareness of crisis and crisis management; the second is ritual (Ritual)，How to use a ritual to respond to the crisis，Among them, the unity ceremony、Angle and purification ritual and hatred ceremony; the third is to hide (masking)，A specific impression management。Thart's preliminary classification of symbolic strategies of crisis management，The symbolic perspective of the research on crisis management has made a milestone contribution，Make crisis management research from the technical level of crisis response，Steering in -depth inquiry and crisis dynamic process is indispensable、Power and legitimacy issues。In other words，Power is re -brought back to crisis bet365 Play online games management research，Symbol of crisis management politics has attracted attention。

In the next ten years，The research team with Tech and Akin Burne as its core research team continued to explore the symbolic politics of crisis management。2005，Tech, Berne and others based on a large amount of experience materials，Published "Politics of Crisis Management -Public Leadership Property"，The symbolic crisis management of threats and uncertainty caused by reducing crisis is called "meaning construction"。Then，Their political leaders are in riots、Disaster、Scandal and other forms of public crisis uses the ability to use symbols for meaning constructing the ability to construct case research and comparative research。2017，Thart and Mark Benneus and others jointly published the book "Leadership Capital Index: New Perspective of Political Leaders"，Based on Budie's symbolic capital theory，Symbols as one of the important indexes of evaluating leadership capital。

In the field of public administration，Some scholars have also noticed that they play an important role in the management of crisis。2017，Laurie Bouseguet and others based on French terrorist attacks in France as a case，Showing how political leaders pass their rhetoric、symbols and performances shaped the public crisis incident into a time to unite the country。2021，They analyze the four European countries (Law、De、Italia、English) The symbolic performance of political leaders in the new crown epidemic，Compared with the symbolic mode of crisis management。bet365 Play online games There are some scholars trying to prove，The use of symbols and rituals in crisis management can significantly improve the public's administrative elite、support level of administrative agencies and public policy。Everyn Bytzek's empirical study of government support rate after the flood disaster of Germany，Government's symbolic crisis management activities have a positive impact on the rise of government support rates。

In the field of communication in crisis management，Related researchers regard the symbols in crisis communication as research objects mainly include the following aspects。The first is the research of crisis discourse rhetoric，The success of the crisis management work depends on the discourse rhetoric of the organization after the crisis，If the president in the crisis、Political Party、Analysis of the words and rhetoric of the public media。Second is the research of organizational image repair，It is believed that the crisis can be regarded as a symbolic resource，The reputation used to repair the organization。Third is the role of the ritual in the role of blaming game，It is believed that the ceremony can be used to change the public's view of the public's damage caused by the crisis and the level of crisis manager liability，It can also be an important way to build trust with the public after the crisis。

　　The political phenomenon of symbolic research enters the road 

The academic process of the research on the symbol of the Western crisis，Although more and more scholars are regarded bet365 live casino games as an important dimension of crisis management。But，These studies are often limited to a specific political symbol or political symbol in a specific crisis type，In particular, paying attention to how political leaders use political symbols，Do not pay attention to the symbolic interactive process with the public，Lack of overall inspection of the dimension of the symbol of crisis，The theory of symbolic crisis management without forming a system。For this，Political phenomenology may provide meaningful inspiration。

Political phenomenology as a learning to the public life world，It aims to reflect on the political behavior of human beings、Multiple description and explanation description，The content and method of grasping its meaning constructed。Symbols of public crisis management also pays attention to the meaning of the meaning of social reality。For this，You can try political phenomenal methods such as "description of multiple experiences", "reflection based on fixed -view suspension", "analysis of progressive restoration", "interpretation of the world of life"，Exploration of context -based on crisis management，Build a type of type science system for symbolic crisis management，and then decoding the meaning behind the meaning of crisis management，Description accuracy of public crisis management。

First，Political phenomenology emphasizes multiple experiences for research objects，This method will greatly expand the scope of the research symbol of crisis management symbol，Further discover bet365 best casino games the existence of various symbolic types in crisis management。As far as the national symbol of "prominent status"，Ru national flag、National Anthem and grand commemorative ceremony，Evergreen to government leaders will become observation objects for the research of crisis symbols，Multi -maintenance of symbolic crisis management as much as possible。Next，Evaluate and test these "symbols" excavated，Therefore, the political symbol that matches crisis management。This needs to abandon the previous see，Back to the specific crisis situation，Re -determine the category of symbols in the crisis、Content and form, etc.。again，The symbols of these evaluation and inspection are "parallel", "comparison" and "classification"，The complicated and complicated materials are classified as a systematic symbolic crisis management type diagram。Last，Back to the world of life，Interactive practice based on the subject of crisis management and the public，Display what kind of symbolic meaning of various symbols in the crisis，What kind of symbolic effect is produced。

Under the background of the era of a century -old change in the world，How to be effective、Timely、The crisis of treating various types of various types is a major issue that public administrative researchers must attach great importance to。"Symbols in the crisis"，It is undoubtedly the meaning of the question of crisis management。

　 (The author is a doctoral student at the School of Government Management of Nanjing University)