The six classics of "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn" that Confucius deleted in his later years，is the source of Chinese academic culture，The "Rites"，In the Western Han Dynasty, it was called "Shili" or "Book of Rites"，After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was called "Yili"，It is the true scripture of rites，The wedding and funeral rituals recorded in this book、Feasting, hiring, and other rituals，All are ceremonies bet365 joining bonus code Zhou Dynasty，Seventeen articles in total，The content involves ancient palaces、Car flag、Clothing、Diet、Funeral、Sacrifice、Making of musical instruments，and its shape、Combination methods, etc.，It can be called a long scroll of social life in the Zhou Dynasty，It goes without saying that its value is high。

What was unexpected，The inheritance of "Rituals"，Through many ups and downs，Repeatedly rejected and treated coldly，The disciples are as few as the morning stars。To the early Qing Dynasty，The text of "Ritual" is full of holes，Corruption，Everywhere you see，On the verge of extinction。What’s even more surprising，Collated by Qing people，Not only the text of "Ritual" has a new look，Return to the old appearance，And bet365 joining bonus code has given rise to many new academic fields，Promoted the overall prosperity of academic research。

　Why is bet365 joining bonus code so difficult to edit "Etiquette"?

"Rituals" Wen Gu Yi Ao，Also known as the study of measures of names，Remembered Yi、簠、簋、觥、觯、杝、牉、匜同礼物，"Those who are good at what they do now will lose the few"；Many rituals have become “useless” in later generations，So although Han Yu is fond of ancient times，Also lamented that ""Rites" is difficult to read"。That’s the only way，"Ritual" has been ignored in society，"Book of Rites" is very popular。"Five Classics of Justice" written by the Tang Dynasty，Then "Book of Rites" directly replaced the status of "Book of Rites"，"Ritual" was marginalized。"Book of Rites" was originally the "note" of "Book of Rites"，Similar to the "counseling materials" of later generations，It is transmitted based on the "Book of Rites"。Now a vassal has become a great power，The status bet365 joining bonus code two is completely reversed。

During the Xining Period bet365 joining bonus code Northern Song Dynasty，Wang Anshi reformed the imperial examination，Decided to abolish "Ritual"。In ancient times, the imperial examinations were divided into rooms and marked by rooms，From this time to the Qing Dynasty，No more "Ritual" room，The status of "Ritual" has plummeted。Imperial examination subjects are like batons，"Etiquette" is not among the examination subjects，Almost all scholars in the country no longer teach this book，His studies are declining。

Traditional Commentary on the Thirteen Classics，The market is still engraving，Proofreading of various scriptures，The booksellers have completely different intentions。"Ritual" is full of typos，For example, "taste" is mistaken for "长"，“Preface” is mistaken for “Xi”，It’s common to see “彟” mistaken for “gui” and so on。"Xiangshe Rite" "The guest and the doctor sat down and laid the memorial ceremony at their place"，Remove the word "sitting"；"Ji Xi" "The Lords bet365 joining bonus code East ascend the throne"，Removing the word "lord"；"Yousi Che" "Receive the honor, offer the drink, pay homage, accept the three offerings, and answer the bow from the north"，These fourteen characters are incorrectly repeated；There are even cases where entire sentences are missed without anyone noticing，And so on，To the point where it is difficult to read。

　《ritual》complicated，Difficult to read，There is still a complete copy，And many scholars regard it as a daunting path。The text is so broken nowadays，There is very little information available for verification，To restore the original appearance of "Ritual"，You can imagine how difficult bet365 joining bonus code。

　　The first to use bet365 joining bonus code to compile "Yi Li"

The first scholar in the Qing Dynasty to compile the "Yili" was Gu Yanwu，The school version used is Kaicheng Stone Scripture，This is a great event to be thankful for。Block printing began in the Tang Dynasty，Used to engrave Buddhist scriptures、Almanac and prescription。Confucian classics rely on copying，Texts are different，Unavoidable。Tang Wenzong in order to provide society with standard texts，Following the precedent of engraving the "Xiping Stone Classic" in the Han Dynasty，Putting the Nine Classics on the throne，Forever to lead"，This is the "Kaicheng Stone Sutra"。According to "Five Dynasties Conference"，Engraved printing of Confucian classics，Beginning in the third year of Changxing in the Later Tang Dynasty (932)，It is "composed" according to the text bet365 joining bonus code Kaichen Stone Scripture，One word and one sentence，Moved to version。

Carvings bet365 joining bonus code Kaichen Stone Sutra，The government attaches great importance to it，Invest a lot of manpower、Material resources，Is an important event in the history of Chinese Confucian classics。Something strange，The academic community is indifferent to this，"Decades after the Stone Scripture was established，Famous Confucians will not even look at it，I think it’s very tiring”。This is still the case for hundreds of years later，Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Ancient Records"、Zhu Xi's "Comprehensive Interpretation bet365 joining bonus code Book of Rites" and others do not mention the Tang Shi Jing。

The second year of Kangxi (1663)，Gu Yanwu living in Xi’an，"See the Nine Classics of Tang Shibi"，Recover the old copy and read it” ("Nine Classics Wrong Word Order")，And used the Kaicheng Stone Classics to correct the Ming Beijian version bet365 joining bonus code Thirteen Classics，Nai Zhi "Ritual" "Corruption is worse than all other scriptures"。Gu Yanwu realizes，The Kaicheng Stone Scripture is the "ancestor" bet365 joining bonus code engraving scriptures of later generations，Preserved the most authentic appearance of Confucian classics，High academic value。Afterwards，Zhang Erqi's "Corrections and Errors in the Ritual Supervisor"，The official version bet365 joining bonus code Stone Scripture contains errors and errors in the scriptures、Annotations with large characters mixed into scriptures, etc.，Almost 200 places。Peng Yuanrui's "Summary bet365 joining bonus code Textual Research on the Stone Classic"，Correction of "Rituals" with the Stone Scripture，Correction about 160 words。Yan Kejun's "Compilation of Tang Stone Classics"，Those who use the Stone Sutra to correct the "Etiquette"，Up to 352 places。And so on，A large number of errors in the handed down text of "Rites"，Corrected here。

Gu Yanwu’s wisdom，Super-stepping Confucianism，In one fell swoop, it clarified the academic world’s understanding bet365 joining bonus code Stone Classics。Yan Kejun calls it "the end bet365 joining bonus code ancient book"，Ancestor bet365 joining bonus code modern era”，"This is the most complete and oldest scripture in the world"；Ding Rongyun: Later Version，"Every sentence is from the stone scriptures，The words are all characters from Shi Jing，Read the Bible instead of reading the Stone Scripture，Drink water and forget its source”；Become a general knowledge bet365 joining bonus code Qing Dynasty。Everyone who studies in schools，Everything must be corrected first from the stone scriptures，The "Rites" benefited most from the Stone Scripture。

　　The rise of bet365 joining bonus code classics

Gu Yanwu’s concern for the Stone Scripture，Triggered an upsurge in the study of stone scriptures，Achieved many unexpected results。Yan Kejun spent eight months，Exploring the rubbings and carved stones bet365 joining bonus code Stone Scripture，Many modifications found、Traces of addition，The font is also different，Knowing that the stone version has been modified many times。Yan's examination of "Old Tang Book", "Cefu Yuangui" and other documents，It is confirmed that the text bet365 joining bonus code Stone Scripture was mixed by the hands of four people: Zheng Tan and others first determined the text carved on the stone；After opening，Revised by Tang Xuandu, the official font bet365 joining bonus code Five Classics；Afterwards，Han Quan was ordered to revise the scriptures in detail；Xizong Qianfu period，Reconfirmed by Zhang Zimu。Signs of correction，Everyone is here。This discovery，Refreshing。

According to Zhu Yizun’s research，The Stone Scripture has been re-engraved twice: the first year of Tianyou (904)，When Korean architecture built a new city，"The Six Classics Stone was abandoned in the wild"。To the time of Zhu Liang in the Five Dynasties，Liu Wei guards Chang'an City，Move the stone scripture to the west corner bet365 joining bonus code Tang Dynasty Shangshu Province in the city。Because there are many remnants bet365 joining bonus code stone scriptures，Therefore, there were heavy engravings during the Zhu and Liang Dynasties，This is the first time。Yimao Year of Jiajing, Ming Dynasty (1555)，Great Guanzhong Earthquake，The stone sutra is broken and damaged。Wanli Wuzi，Sheng Wang Yaohui and others used the word "que" in the old anthology，Don’t carve small characters on stone，Stand beside the monument。This is the second time。Two additional text engravings，Unheard of before。

Feng Dengfu and others studied the rubbings bet365 joining bonus code Stone Classic。Tang Shi Jing total 114 stones、228 sides，Tall stele，Lots of space，Not easy to read，There is a copy before Yimaozeng, Jiajing，Loyal to the old appearance，Already extinct。The rubbings of Qingtongxing are for decoration，The framer took the Nine Classics from the village school，Embedded Wang’s complement，Wang’s supplementary characters are too confusing，Originally carved on a small stone，Now all embedded，Pretending to be Wantuo，Deceiving the world。The stone copy Gu Yanwu took is the decoration copy，Referring to the false word，Mostly complemented by Wang，The Stone Scripture itself is not wrong。Chen Dao ridiculed the Gu family for being bullied by Wang Yaohui，"Although it is correct, it is not correct"，Not nonsense。

All bet365 joining bonus code above，Making "Stone Classics" an emerging discipline，Various grinding, modification and engraving、The additionally engraved text can be clearly distinguished from the original stone scripture，This is a further in-depth review of classics，Great significance。

　Qianlongzhong，Ruan Yuan is appointed as the Collector bet365 joining bonus code Stone Classics，A stone for the school's "Etiquette"，I once again investigated the traces of polishing, modification and engraving on Tang stones，Wonderful achievements。Such as "Seven Night Ceremony"，The whole word "成" is missing the last stroke，Ruan Yun is Zhu Liang’s taboo to avoid his great-grandfather’s sincerity，Therefore, it is presumed that this volume was all reengraved by Zhu Liang。Another example is the chapter title of "The Classic of Mourning Clothes"，Many books refer to "mourning clothes"，No word "jingzhuan"；It is difficult to decide right from wrong。Ruan Yuan pointed out，The first carving bet365 joining bonus code stone scripture、"Explanations" are all called "The Sutra of Mourning Clothes"，The word "Jingzhuan" was removed when the Qianfu was reengraved，The traces are still there；The reason is that the subtitle "The Biography of Zixia" is repeated with the major title，The original title of this chapter is "The Classic of Mourning Clothes"。Another example is "Jixi Li" "The exiled person comes out to invite"，The stone version bet365 joining bonus code supplementary character does not have the character "出" but has the character "Xu"。Ruan Yun: “There is a cross in every line bet365 joining bonus code Stone Scripture，Although this is incomplete，The four characters "the exiles come out to invite" are still distinguishable。Mingren’s supplementary characters，Take out the word，Re-evaluate the word "Yixu"。”Zhizhi。

、Re-engraved、Additional engraving，Easily mistaken。Qing people knew bet365 joining bonus code clearly，Review with font、line，Wonderful results，Reason for the mistake，No escape。

　　The founder of versionology

The battle of revision cannot be separated from the version，The earlier the original and revised versions are, the earlier、The more precise the proofreading，You can get twice the result with half the effort，The enthusiasm bet365 joining bonus code Qing people for searching for rare books was unparalleled by their predecessors。Among them，The famous edition scholar Huang Pilie’s achievements are impressive in the world，He obtained a single note from the Song version of "Yili" written by Song Chun、One each for single and sparse:

First, 17 volumes of "Zheng's Notes on Yili" previously collected by Wang Jingming, the number one scholar in Jiading，8 lines per half page，line 17 words，Unrecorded place，Number of words recorded in two lines at the end bet365 joining bonus code volume，At the end bet365 joining bonus code book, the total number of words of scripture notes，It is the old style bet365 joining bonus code Song Dynasty。Quoted from the proofreading of Zhang Chun's "Mistakes in Etiquette"，There are more than ten items in the Yanzhou version bet365 joining bonus code Southern Song Dynasty。Gu Guangqi used this book to compare it，Everything found to be consistent，So it is judged to be the origin of Yanzhou。Huang Pilie designated it as the sole annotation of Song Yanzhou，But Zhang Chun has not seen the unwritten version。

The second is "Shu Rituals" Part 1，Originally 50 volumes，Difference from the 42 volumes commonly used in the Qing Dynasty，44 volumes remain today，Missing 6 volumes，But complete from beginning to end，Extremely rare。This book does not contain scripture annotations，Only Jia Gongyanshu，Immediate single copy。Gu Guangqi compared this version with the popular version of "Comments on Rites and Rites"，“Everything that is right and wrong can be corrected，Go to Yan Yicuo，Thousands of places without worries，The gods are glowing，Change bet365 joining bonus code”；Huang Pi Liesheng called bet365 joining bonus code "the most amazing among the strangest books in Song Dynasty"、The treasure of treasures”。

Outside Huang Pilie，The Qing Dynasty also found many rare books，The most famous one is the Song version of "Rites" reprinted by Xu family of Soochow during the Jiajing period。This book has been for a long time，Return to the Qing Dynasty，Xingge is the same as Yanben，The number of words recorded at the end of each volume is mostly the same as that bet365 joining bonus code Yan edition，Only four volumes are slightly different。The word "Jing" is written all over the book，Chen Chang suspects that it is an engraving made by Emperor Renzong bet365 joining bonus code Song Dynasty，It is earlier than Yan Ben，Precious。More than ten articles quoted from the Yanbian version of "Mistakes in Etiquette"，The Xu family’s book is correct，There are even those who are different from others but Xu is the only one，This shows that Xu Ben is still better than Yan Ben。

The discovery bet365 joining bonus code above rare books，Making the quality bet365 joining bonus code school version of "Etiquette" catch up，The impact cannot be taken lightly。Mao Shi of Changshu Jiguge once spent more than ten years engraving the Thirteen Classics，Exerting effort is not a lack of diligence，Strive to become a rare book，The academic community does not rate it highly。Afterwards，Zhang Dunren's "Etiquette Notes" engraved by Zhang Dunren，Get rid of Mingben，Completely renovated，The Yanzhou version bet365 joining bonus code Song Dynasty and the official Shu version of Jingde are engraved into one body，Academic number is rare book。Lu Wenxuan commented on the reason: Mao used the engravings supervised by Wanli as the basis，There are too many mistakes and corrections，Can’t sweep all the fallen leaves，It is difficult to achieve a good book，And Zhang Dunren "changed the flag from the Song Dynasty，Where is the fine school?，This is why it is good” ("He Ke Rituals Notes and Postscripts")。The importance of rare books can be seen from this。

　bet365 joining bonus code "Classic Interpretation" is unique

"Classic Interpretations" (hereinafter referred to as "Interpretations")，Written by Sui Lu Deming，This book "collects more than 260 sounds from the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties，Also contains the exegesis of Confucian scholars，Prove the similarities and differences between the books，The person who was later able to test out the ancient righteousness，Beyond Notes，The existence of this book only depends on it”，Known as “the deep sea of ​​scriptures before the Six Dynasties”。The book has 30 volumes in total，One volume of "Ritual Sound and Meaning"，About 300 entries，Part bet365 joining bonus code glyphs and pronunciation of "Yili" before the Tang Dynasty are found here。

The first person to use "Shiwen" to correct "Yili" was Zhang Chun in the Southern Song Dynasty。Zhang examined the sound and meaning of "Yi Li" item by item into "Yi Li"，Found many differences。For example, "Shihun Li" "receives Jie Fu to cultivate and promote"，“腶” in “Shiwen” is “Duan”，Kaicheng Stone Scripture is also called "section"，Zhang’s customized “Duan”。Another example is Zheng's note in "The Funeral Ceremony of Scholars": "He who will take the county seriously"，"Explanation" explains the word "Chong" as: "Yu Chongtong。” means “heavy” with the word “yu” before it。The meaning bet365 joining bonus code case，The word "yu" means "安"，Zhang then added the word "Yu"。Fan this，All are Zhang’s wise men。

However，The value of "Explanation" is high，But there are many problems，Don’t stay here。The results of research by Qing people show that，The popular "Shiwen" was revised by the Song Dynasty people，Not the original。Everyone knows，Classic Biography，Various sources，There are many versions of "Yili"，There must be differences in the text of "Yili" seen by Lu Deming and Jia Gongyan。Song people did not think twice，So he tampered with it，“You can’t do this without forcing the other party，Just force this to do that”。Moreover，Six Chao Yinqie，On the tongue and on the tongue、No difference between light lips and heavy lips，There are many pronunciations of "Shiwen" like this，Song people were suspicious bet365 joining bonus code disharmony and made rash changes，Lost the authenticity bet365 joining bonus code original book。

The people bet365 joining bonus code Qing Dynasty surpassed the people bet365 joining bonus code Song Dynasty，First of all, work hard on the text of "Explanation"，Laying a solid foundation。"Shiwen" published in the early Qing Dynasty，This is the banknote of Ye Linzong in the late Ming Dynasty，Translated from the Song Dynasty version collected by Qian Qianyi in Jiangyun Tower，There are many errors in the text，Urgently need to take the exam。Xu Qianxue once revised the Ye Chao and published it，This is the original version of Tongzhitang。The last years of Qianlong，Lu Wenzhuo’s hand-edited and re-engraved leaf notes，This is the Bao Jing Tang version。In addition，Huidong、Duan Yucai、Zang Yongtang、Gu Guangqi、Sun Xingyan、Yuan Tingyi、Chen Huan、Wang Jun et al，Or according to Ye Chao's details，Or the Song Dynasty's Biography will be republished and corrected，The text of Ling's "Shiwen" is not the same as what the Song Dynasty believed。

While the Qing people were correcting the text of "Shiwen"，Many new problems were also discovered，The orthodox characters are one of them。People bet365 joining bonus code Six Dynasties were fond of using common words。Rufan，古音anti，Read as changed，Close to Bian Yin，Vulgar Zuoxiu。Another example is "Shi Guan Li" "Cheer Banquet"，Cheru，Withdrawal from "Explanation"。Case "Shuowen" "There is no withdrawal but thoroughness"，Removal of Cheru，Zuo Che from ancient times，Do not follow the hand，Removed as a common word"。etc.，Lu Deming is too confused，Use the vulgar characters as the orthographic characters，Zhang Chunze followed his mistake。

Scholars bet365 joining bonus code Sui and Tang Dynasties did not delve into the similarities and differences of glyphs，Same for Lu Deming，As annotated in "Bride Price"，"Six Views of Chaofan"，"Shiwen" is all written as "钘"，Although the two words have the same pronunciation，Ran is definitely not a word。According to "Shuowen"，The former is the name bet365 joining bonus code sacrificial vessel，The latter is the name bet365 joining bonus code musical instrument。There are two words mixed in "Book of Rites"，It’s a homophonic borrowing，This character is still regarded as "铓"。All these，The flourishing of philology in the Qing Dynasty，Scholars' scholarship is all based on "Shuowen"，So we can judge and seize them one by one，Return to justice。

　　Collation becomes a specialized bet365 joining bonus code

Ancient people read，Please review first，There is a saying that "a book cannot be read without proofreading"。Correction has a very early origin，bet365 joining bonus code became a specialized study in the Qing Dynasty。Qing people collated ancient documents，Have the power of a nation，Subset of Classics and History，There is no limit to the limit。"Ritual" is full of errors，Collation is the most difficult，The Qing Dynasty actually renovated bet365 joining bonus code into a perfect one，Exemplary。

The art of correction，Mr. Chen Yuan's "Explanation bet365 joining bonus code Correction of Yuandian Chapters" is summarized as proofreading、Our school、Other school、Four kinds of schooling。Qing people are familiar with this，The Science School’s income is the most outstanding，Gu Guangqi said: "This is the most wonderful method，The most dangerous person also does this" (Postscript to "Fifty Volumes of Rites and Rites (Song Edition)")，Every time I encounter inappropriate words，There is no ancient book to correct；Maybe several copies are different from each other，At a loss what to do；Or all the originals are the same，Everyone agrees，There are difficulties in justice；The School of Ethics，Repeatedly with miraculous results。Here are a few examples。

一，Error from annotation to serious annotation。Scripture of "Rituals"，Zheng Zhu pops in from time to time，Because all books are the same，Hard to detect。Gu Guangqi said: "The Book of Rites"，The text is very wrong，Scholar with deep knowledge，Mistakes in understanding scriptures every time you read the notes，Annotation error after reading again。" (Postscript to "Fifty Volumes of Rites and Rites (Song Edition)") For example, "Shi Yu Li": "The corpse is on the left holding the title，Take the liver from the right，捩 salt，Zhenjia。”The Stone Scripture and all other volumes are the same，Seems like nothing to say。However, this sentence is annotated: "take the liver，Right hand too。”It can be seen that there is no word “right” in the scripture，Otherwise, why would Zheng raise the bet？Wang Yinzhi asserted that the word "right" was added by later generations，Jumped into the text due to Zheng’s note，Delete。Another example is "The Crown Ceremony" "Those who praise will be washed in Xixi，liter，Standing in the room”，The Stone Scripture and all other versions are the same。However, Jia Shu said: "There is no text in the study of Xixi"。"Zheng's note: "Washing in the west bet365 joining bonus code water，Promoted from Bin rank。”揆文义，The original scripture is regarded as "those who praise it"、liter，Standing in the room”。PU Boring、Zhu Dashao thinks，Zheng’s annotation “Yu Xixi” is intended to supplement the meaning bet365 joining bonus code scripture，Subsequently blackmailed into scripture，Zhizhi。

　Second，Examination of errors in scripture annotations based on the system of nominal objects。"A Scholar's Funeral" "Died in a suitable room"，Zheng’s note: “At the time of illness, I was under the Bei Yong Mountain。”“墉”，Same for each edition，Wei Mao’s original work "牖"。"Xiang Yihu"，Mao passed on "to，Going out bet365 joining bonus code north"，This is the room of common people，Therefore, there is a tunnel from the north，The "Funeral Ceremony" records the main sleeping room bet365 joining bonus code ancestral temple，Not to be confused。"Jiao Te Sheng" says "Boshebeiyou"，Boshe is a society that subjugates the country；"北牖"，Sun Xidan said: "Stop it on three sides，Wei Kaibei Fang，Make the Yin side brighter，So it is to connect its yin and eliminate its yang。The Yang Lord is born and the Yin Lord kills，This is how a society subjugates its country" ("Explanation bet365 joining bonus code Collection of Rites and Rites")，A society that is subjugated must have a northern wall。"The Record of Mourning" says, "The head bet365 joining bonus code bed in the east is under the north window"，牖 is a typo，Dang Cong or this work。The palace system recorded in the documents cited by Hu]，Both the front hall and the back room，"There is only a window in the south bet365 joining bonus code room，北无牖。There is only one room in the room，The old words are as follows，Know where it is，No need to distinguish between north and south”。Scholar-officials are all like this ("Etiquette and Justice")，Therefore, it is concluded that Mao’s work is wrong，Zhizhi。

Third，Correct the scriptures according to the general practice bet365 joining bonus code whole book。"Food Gifts for Special Animals": "Liver Cong，Zuo Zhijue，Take the liver and pour it into salt，Sitting Ceremony，哜之。" Wu Cheng said: "The text above says 'sit and hold hands'，Not yet developed，It’s inappropriate to sit down and say anything。" ("Annotations on Rites and Rites") It is suspected that the word "sitting" is a derivative。However, Chu Yinliang comprehensively investigated the relevant rituals in "Shaolao Food Rites" and "Shaoyi" etc.，If you know the ancient rituals, you must be happy to take the sacrifices；Sacrifice completed，It will be prosperous to return the sacrificed things to you，Sit during sacrifice。Hence this article "Take the liver and pour it into salt"，Must have arisen，"Sitting Sacrifice with Sutras，Just seeing the rise of it” ("Etiquette Guanjian")。Visible，Si Zi Bu Yan。

In summary bet365 joining bonus code can be seen，Collated by Qing people，Good at understanding the whole book，Grasp the meaning，Never judge words based on words，Therefore, although there is no ancient book to refer to，The school remains unshakable。In addition，Pay attention to the verification and integration of commentaries and scriptures，Make sure every word is implemented，The finesse of reading，Admirable。

The Qing Dynasty's "Etiquette" Compilation，It is a famous problem in the history of philology，Also a successful example。The Qing Dynasty sought to obtain the original text of "Rites"，I leave it to you for editing，Thinking hard about this，Extend tentacles in all directions，Use various resources to restore the original text of "Ritual"，This gave birth to the study of stone classics、Versionology、Study of "Explanation"、Collation and other disciplines，Not only made a significant contribution to the revision bet365 joining bonus code text of "Rituals"，And promoted the academic prosperity bet365 joining bonus code Qing Dynasty，Great contribution。How to expand and deepen academic research while returning funds，Create a new chapter，It will inspire future generations to think deeply。

　 (The author is a senior professor of liberal arts at Tsinghua University、Adjunct professor at Ma Yifu College, Zhejiang University)