Confucius deleted "Poems", "Book", "Rites", "Le", "Yi", "Spring and Autumn"，It is the inferiority of Chinese academic culture，Among them, "Li"，Western Han Dynasty called "Shi Li" or "Li Jing"，After the Wei and Jin dynasties, "Yili"，It's the Book of Rites，Crown Wedding and Funeral Ceremony in this book、Siter hiring 觐 觐，All the ceremonies of the Zhou Dynasty，A total of seventeen articles，Content involving ancient palaces、Car flag、Clothing、Diet、Funeral、Rites、Music system，and its shape、Combination method, etc.，Can be called the long roll of social life of the Zhou Dynasty，High value of its value。

What unexpectedly did it be，Inheritance of "Ritual"，Touchia bumps，Repeated and cold encounters，Predsers are few morning stars。To the beginning of the Qing Dynasty，"Ritual" text is already a hundred holes，讹 衍，Touching all，Styllar in the end of the extinction。What is even more surprising is，Class survey by Qing people，Not only the text of "Yili" is new，Return to the old appearance，And this has given birth to many new academic fields，Promoting the overall prosperity of academic research。

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"Yili" Wen Guyi，Learning of the Number of Fame，Remember Yi、簠、簋、觥、觯、斝、盉、匜 匜，"Those who walk in the present"; many rituals have been "useless" in later generations，Therefore, although the good ancient ancient of Han Yu，Also lamented "" Evil "is difficult to read"。Only this，"Yili" is affected in the society，"Book of Rites" is popular。Tang people wrote "The Five Classics"，Use "Book of Rites" to replace the status of "Ritual"，"Yili" was marginalized。"Book of Rites" was originally "Ji"，Similar to the "Counseling Materials" of later generations，It is passed on by the Book of Li Jing。Now Yongwei is a big country，The status of the two is completely flipped。

During the Xining period of the Northern Song Dynasty，Wang Anshi Reforms the Imperial Exam，Decided "Ritual"。Ancient Division of Division of Division，From then on to Qing，No more "Ritual" room，The status of "Yili" falls thousands of feet。The subject of the imperial examination is like a command stick，"Yili" is not in the test subject，The national scholars almost no longer pass on this book，The decline of the school day。

Traditional "Thirteen Classic Note"，Still engraving，Each scripture counterpart，The heart of the book dealer is completely different。"Yili" wrong words full paper，If "taste" is mistaken for "constant"，"Preface" is mistaken for "seat"，"埽" is mistaken for "returning"。"Township Shooting" "Bin and Doctor Sitting Land in its place"，Take off the word "sitting"; "Ji Xi" "The owner's eastward ascending"，Take off the word "Master"; "There are Si Toru" "The Jue Jue Dedicated 侑侑 By the north to answer"，This fourteen characters are errors;，So etc.，It has reached the point where it is difficult to read。

"Yili" difficulty，Not easy to read，At the beginning, there was still a complete book，and scholars are mostly regarded as fearful。Now the text is broken bet365 live casino games like this，less information available for inspection，If you want to restore the original appearance of "Yili"，The degree of difficulty can be imagined。

　　The first opening of Tang Shi Jing Jing Survey "Ritual" 

The scholar who opened the first "Yili" in the Qing Dynasty was Gu Yanwu，The school used to use is Kaicheng Stone Classic，This is a great event worthy of。Carving printing began in the Tang Dynasty，It is used for engraving Buddhist scriptures、Calendar and Pharmaceutical。Confucian classics depends on transmission，Text Mutual Differential，It is inevitable。Tang Wenzong In order to provide a standard text for the society，According to the Han Dynasty "The Ping Ping Shi Jing" precedent，"Nine Classics" "Le Shi Yu Tai Xue，Yong Dynasty work "，This is the "Kaicheng Stone Sutra"。According to the "Five Generations Meeting"，Carving Edition of Confucianism，Beginning in the three years of Tang Changxing (932)，It is the text "Sentence" of the text that is opened into the stone meridian，One word，Moved to the version。

Carving of the Stone Sutra，The government attaches great importance to，Invest a lot of manpower、material resources，It is an important event in the history of Chinese classics。Not strange is，The academic community does not care about this，"For decades after the stone Jing stands for decades，Nothing of Confucianism，I thought it is very tired "。This is still the case for hundreds of years later，Ouyang Xiu "Ji Gu Lu"、Zhu Xi's "Ceremony Sutra Command" and other do not mention Tang Shi Jing。

In the second year of Kangxi (1663)，Gu Yanwu, who lives in Xi'an，"See Tang Shibi Nine Classics，Repeated Old Time Reading "(" Nine Classics Error Preface ")，and the "Thirteen Classics" of the Northern Supervisory Book of Kaicheng Stone，Nai Zhi "Yili" "讹 脱 is still better than the sutras"。Gu Yanwu realized，Kaicheng Stone Sutra is the "Ancestor" of the Later Condor Classics，Save the most authentic appearance of Confucian classics，The academic value is extremely high。Later，Zhang Erqi's "Ritual Supervisor"，Book of errors and errors in the monitor of the stone classics、Note erroneous characters mix into the scriptures，Drop of 200 places。Peng Yuanrui's "Stews of Shi Jing Cao Wen"，"Yi Li"，Error correction is about 160 words。Yan Kejun "Tang Shi Jing School"，Stone Classic Pinquet "Ritual"，as many as 352。So etc.，A large number of errors in the text of the "Yili" text，From this correction。

Gu Yanwu's outstanding consciousness，Super Maiqian Confucian，Clear the knowledge of the Shi Jing in the academic community。strictly referred to as "the end of the ancient essence，The ancestor of this book "，"This world is the oldest and the oldest"; Ding Liyun: Later version version，"Sentences of the Stone Scriptures，Words are the words of the stone Jing，Reading the Bible without reading the stone Jing，Drinking water and forgetting its source ";。Those who are in the school group，All are taken in the stone meridian first，and "Yili" benefits from those who are the most。

　　Boxing of Shi Jingxue 

Gu Yanwu's attention to Shi Jing，Treating the boom of the Stone Scripture Study，Get many unexpected results。Eight months of strictness，Explore the extension of the Stone Scripture and the carved stone，Discover many grinding bet365 live casino games changes、Traces increased by the side，Fonts are also different，Know that Ishimoto has been changed repeatedly。Yan's "Old Tang Books" and "Book of Yuan Turtle" and other documents，Determine the hand of four people in the stone Jing text: first of all the texts of the carved stone by Zheng Qin and others; after the carving，Reform from Tang Xuandu, an officer of the Five Classic Font; Later，Hanquan's Detailed School Scriptures;，Zhang Zimu will re -exploit。Trail of grinding reform，All one by one。This discovery，refreshing。

According to Zhu Yizun's research，Shi Jing has also been replaced twice: In the first year of God (904)，When the Korean architecture is made of a new city，"The Six Classic Stone Committee abandoned in the wild"。From the fifth generation Zhu Liang,，Liu Yeshou Changan City，Move the stone Jing to the west of the Tang Shangshu in the city。There are a lot of residuals in the stone Jing，Therefore, the Zhu Liang period has aggravated，This is the first time。Ming Jiajing Yiyi (1555)，Guanzhong Earthquake，Shi Jing Fuxing Multi -Disglement。Wanli Wuzi，Student Wang Yaohui, etc.，Don't engraved small characters in stone，Standing next to the monument。This is the second time。Two replenishment text，The predecessor was unheard of。

Feng Dengfu, etc., did research on the Tuo of the Shi Jing。Tang Shi Jing President 114 Stone、Loyal to the old appearance，Stele Gao Jun，The space is strong，Not easy to read，Jiajing Yiyi has a copy before，Loyal to the old appearance，But it's extinct。Clear Takamoto is the decoration book，is the "Nine Classics" books in the village，Embedded in Wang's replacement，Wang's Zongzhong Zuoyu，Originally carved in small stone，All numbers are embedded，Precurs to finish，Bullying Mongolia。Gu Yanwu's based on Shi Ben is the decoration book，The word referred to，Most of them are supplemented by Wang's，Shi Jing itself is not wrong。Chen Yan's criminals were deceived by Wang Yaohui，"Although the school is still not the school"，Not nonsense。

All of the above，Make "Shi Jingxue" a emerging discipline，Various grinders and replenishment、The text of the supplementary engraved is clearly different from the Shi Jingyuan carved，This is further in -depth for classic collation，It is significant。

Qianlongzhong，Ruan Yuan Ren Shi Jing Classification Officer，Stone on the school "Ritual"，The trace of the Tang Shi Jing Mo -Mo Dan plus the inspection，Creating is quite abundant。Rudo "Shi Xun Li"，The word "Cheng" is missing the last pen，Ruan Yun This is the taboo of Zhu Liang avoiding Grandpa's sincerity，Therefore, it is presumed to be carved by Zhu Liang。Therefore, it is presumed to be carved by Zhu Liang，Multi -Ben Make "Mourning Server"，There is no word "classics";。Ruan Yuan pointed out，Stone Meridian Kai Cheng Jianjian、"Interpretation" all made "Mourning Services"，Qianfu modification starts the word "Biography"，Today's traces are still there; the reason is that the small question "Zixia Chuan" and the big question repeat，Therefore, the name "Mourning Services"。And as "Yiji" "摈 摈"，Zongzi Shimoto has no "out" and has the word "beard"。Ruan Yun: "Stone Classic per line of cross，Although this is residual，and ‘摈’ ’。Mingren Makeup，Take off a word，Dispels in one beard。"" "。

bet365 Play online games It can be known that Fan Mo Mo Reform、Re -engraving、Make -up，Mistakes every time you are easily。Qing people know here，Receiving font、Xingge，Repeated and strange effects，To the reason for the 之，No hidden。

　　Edition of Emperor Fa Emperor 

The service of collation is inseparable from the version，The earlier in the age of the backbone and the age of the school、The more essence of the school，Then you can get half -efficient effect，The enthusiasm of the Qing people search for the good book is not the shoulder of the former sage。where，The achievement of the famous version of the scholar Huang Yilie is enough to be proud of the world，Song 椠 椠 椠、Shan Shu each:

First, Wang Jingming, Wang Jingming, the old collection of "Yi Li Zheng's Note" 17 volumes，8 lines per half page，Line 17 words，Uncover engraved，Ran Dual Double Wing Word Number，At the end of the book, there are always scriptures，The old style of the Song version。Zhang Chun's "Ceremony Mistake" quoted by the school language，There are more than ten books in Yanzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty。Gu Guangzheng's survey with this，I found that it is not right，Therefore, it is judged as Yanzhouben。Huang Yilie is designated as Song Yanzhou single note，But Zhang Chun has not seen the book。

The second is "Yili Shu"，Originally 50 volumes，different from 42 volumes of the Qing Dynasty，44 volumes today，Lack of 6 volumes，but the end of the end，It is rare。This book is not recorded，Only Jia Gongyan Shu，Treasure in Treasure "。Gu Guangzheng used this book with the "Ritual Note" to the school，"Fanzhengzheng supplemented，Go to Yan B Wrong，Thousands of thousands of unparalleled，God's rejuvenation，Reform it "; Huang Yilie said it was" the strangeness of the book in Song Yi's book、Treasure in Treasure "。

Outside Huang Yilie，The good books visited by the Qing people are not in the minority，The most famous is Song Ben's "Yili" that was engraved with the east of Jiajing during the Jiajing period。Jiuyi this book，Retart to Qing，The line is the same as Yanben，Most of the number of notes in each volume is the same as Yanben，Only four volumes are slightly different。The words "Jing" in the book are all，Chen Yan suspected that he was the carving of Song Renzong's before，Era is earlier than Yanben，Parenting precious。More than ten strict books quoted in "Ritual Ceremony"，Xu's Xu family is not wrong，Even if there are all the people who are all right and Xu Ben is the person，It shows that Xu Ben is still better than Yan Benben。

Discovery of the above good book，Make the quality of the school book "Yili" rushed to catch up，Its influence cannot be waiting for ourselves。Changshu Ji Ge Mao's Mao's "Thirteen Classics" with more than ten years，It is not diligent，To be a good book，and the academic community is not high。Later，Zhang Dunren carved "Ritual Note"，Get rid of Mingben，Full renovation，The Song Dynasty is engraved with the good engraving of Yanzhou and Jingde,，The academic number is good book。Lu Wenzhang commented on the reason: Mao's carved by Wanli prison is carved as a background，讹，Can't sweep the leaves，So it is difficult to become good，And Zhang Dunren "is easy to change with the Song Dynasty，and the fine school 焉 雠 雠 雠 雠 雠 雠 雠，This is good "(" Commoning Instrument Notes ")。The importance bet365 Play online games of good books can be seen from this。

　"Classic Interpretation" Study Study on a lifetime 

"Classic Interpretation" (hereinafter referred to as "Interpretation")，Sui Lu Deming，This book "The Church of the Han Dynasty, the six dynasties of the Han Dynasty, and the sound of more than 260，also contains the training of Confucianism，Symptoms of each book，Later, I was able to see the ancient meaning，Note outside，Only depends on the deposit of this book "，It is said that "the sea before the Six Dynasties"。A total of 30 volumes in the book，Among them, a volume of "Yiyi Yinyi"，About 300 words in the note，The shape and sound of the "Yili" in the previous Tang Dynasty are existing here。

The earliest use of "Explanation" school "Ritual" is Zhang Chun, the Southern Song Dynasty。Zhang's "Ritual"，I found that there are more disagreements。Such as "Scholata Rites" "Sub -Xiu Xiu"，"腶" "Interpretation" as "paragraph"，Kaicheng Stone Scriptures are also "paragraphs"，Zhang's order "paragraph"。No matter how like "Scholars Funeral", Zheng Nu "will also be charged by the county"，"Interpretation" Demonstrate "Heavy" word cloud: "Yuzhong Tong。"is the word" Yu "in front of the word" heavy "。The meaning of the case，The word "Yu" is "Ann"，Zhang's successfully supplemented the word "Yu"。All this，All are Zhang's Zhuo Zhi。

But，"Interpretation" is high，But there are many problems，Do not stay here。The results of the Qing people's research indicate，Pass "Interpretation" passed through the Song people's change，Not originally。Wish to know，Classic copy，The source is different，"Yili" has a variety of biography，Lu Deming and Jia Gongyan's "Yi Li" text must be different。Song people do not think about，Sui deliberately channeling，"If you are not strong, you can just go here，That is to strengthen this to go "。More，Six Dynasties sound cut，On the tongue and the tongue、Light lips and heavy lips are not divided，"Interpretation" is also different，The Song people suspect that it is not harmonious and changes delusional，Loss of the original book of the original book。

The Qing Dynasty Super Song people，First of all, the text of "Interpretation" is full，Consolidate the foundation。"Interpretation" in the early Qing Dynasty，It is the notebook of Ye Linzong at the end of the Ming Dynasty，According to Qian Qianyi, the Yunlou Tibetan Song Dynasty was written，Texts are mostly misunderstood，Unexpectedly need to take the test。Xu Qianxue once ordered the leaf money school to print，Is for Tongzhitangben。End of Qianlong，Lu Wenzheng's hand -engraved leaf money book，Is for the Book of Scriptures。，Huidong、Duan Yucai、Zang Yantang、Gu Guangxi、Sun Xingyan、Yuan Tingyu、Chen Yan、Wang Yan, etc.，or according to Ye Banknate's details for school，or the case of the Song Dynasty Biography plus the publication，The text of "Interpretation" is not the same as the Song people.。

The Qingren is at the same time as the text of "Interpretation"，I also found many new problems，Positive characters are one of them。Six dynasties are easy to use vulgar words。Ran Rice，Ancient Yin Anti -，Reading as changing，Near the sound with Bian Yin，Vulgar work。Another example is "True Crown"，Thorough，"Interpretation" as a withdrawal。The case "Said" "There is no retracement，Remove the complete，Ancient bet365 best casino games all of them，Do not follow your hand，Withdrawal as a vulgar word "。such，Lu Deming can not distinguish，and vulgar characters as the right word，Zhang Chun follows its error。

Sui and Tang dynasties scholars are not similar in the fonts，Lu Deming also，Rudo "Employment Gift" Jing Note，"铏"，"Interpretation" as "钘"，Two characters, although the same sound punishment，It's not a word。According to "Speaking"，The former is the name of the sacrifice，The latter is the name of the instrument。"Book of Rites" is mixed with two words，Naiyin fake borrowing，This word is still used as "铏"。All these，Qing Dynasty Writing Boxing，Scholars are rooted based on "Speaking"，Therefore, you can take a review one by one，Also belongs to Zheng。

　　Class survey becomes specialized 

Reading of the ancients，Seeking the pride survey，The saying of "do not read the book"。Early origin of classification，To the Qing Dynasty to become a specialized learning。Qing people collated ancient literature，There is a situation of lifting the country，Scripture History Collection，。"Yili" error，The most difficult to collateral survey，and the Qing people actually renovated to finish，Can be called a model。

Substration of collation，Mr. Chen Yuan's "Yuan Dianzhang School Supplementary Interpretation Example" is summarized as the school、This school、His school、Four types of science school。The Qing people are familiar with here，The most prominent income from the school，Gu Guangyi Yun: "The highest wonderful one，The most dangerous one is also this method "(" Ritual and Slutter Fifty Volume (Song Journs) Post ")，Each encounter is not bad，but no ancient books can be positive;，Nothing to be confused;，Victory，It is difficult to rest;，Repeatedly obtaining strange effects。兹。

One，Errors that are serious from Note and serious injection。"Yili" scripture，When there is Zheng Yue in，Because each book is the same，Not easy to detect。Gu Guangzheng said: "" Yili "once，Text special，Deep in this scholar，Each reading is obtained for each reading，Read the error of reading and getting note。"" ("The Fifty Volumes of Ritual and Slides (Song Journal) Post") If "Shi Yu Li":，Right Take Liver，擩 Salt，Zhen Festival。"" Stone Jing and each book are the same，seemingly no beak。But this language Zheng Note: "Take the liver，Right hand also。"" "The word" right "can be seen，Otherwise, why bother with Zheng? Wang Yinzhi asserted the word "right" to be added by future generations，Enter the text because of Zheng Jun，Delete。No matter how like "The Crown", "The Likes" 盥，Lift，Standing in the room "，Stone Sutra and Each Book of the same。Ran Jia Shu said: "盥 盥。"Zheng Note:" 盥，from the guest level to also。"揆 揆，Originally used as "Like、Lift，Standing in the room "。Puyi、Zhu Dashao thinks，Zheng Yue "Yu Xiangxi" intends to make up for the sutra，Later, I was entered into the scripture，To OK。

Its two，See the error of the scriptures from the famous object system。"Scholars Funeral" "Dead in the right room"，Zheng Note: "At the time of illness, below the north。"" 墉 "，Each book，Wei Mao's work "牖"。"Xiangjiahu"，Mao Chuan "Xiang，Northern 牖 牖，This is the room's room，Therefore, there are 牖 牖 牖，and "Scholars Funeral" recorded as the bet365 Play online games room of Zongmiao's sleeping，Do not mix。"Suburban Special" cloud "Bohe North Po"，Bohe is the community of the country; "North 牖"，Sun Xidan said: "Three sides，Only Kaishi North，Make its yin square，So the yin is the yin and the yang also。Yang master and yin master kill，This is the case of the country "(" Yili Collection ")，It is a northern thing in the community of the dead country。"Funeral" cloud "Sleeping East is the first under the north"，牖 牖，Dang or this work 墉。The system of the palace room of Hu's Document，All front room and back room，"However, there is 牖 in the south of the room，Northern Wuxi。There is a 牖 indoors，Therefore, below，Know the place，No need to separate north and south "。Scholars and above are all the same ("Ritual Justice")，Therefore, break the hairpin "牖" as a non -，To OK。

Its three，Scriptures in the whole bookmark。"Special Avalent Fedback Ceremony": "Liver Cong，Zuo Zhijue，Take liver 擩 in salt，Sitting Ceremony，哜。"Wu Cheng said:" Shangwen Yun ‘sit down hand’，So far before，Improper reconstruction。"" ("Incibly Test") The word "sit" is Yanwen。Ran Chu Yinliang's comprehensive inspection of the relevant instrument festivals such as "Shao Tao Feds" and "Shaoyi"，When you know that ancient rituals, you will take the sacrifice to be prosperous;，Return the sacrifice to 俎 俎 兴，Sitting during the only sacrifice。Therefore, this article "Take the liver in the salt"，Enjoyment，"Scripture Sitting Festival，Right up to the righteousness "(" Yili Guan See ")。Visible，Sitting word is not degraded。

To sum up，Clamp of Qingren，Good at penetrating the book，Grasp the meaning example，Never talk about words，Therefore, although there is no ancient book to participate，The school is still unable to move。，Pay attention to the inspection of notes and scriptures，For the implementation of words，Refinement of reading，Enjoyment。

Qingren's "Yili" collation，It is a famous problem in the history of literature，Also a successful example。Qing people seek the original appearance of the text of "Ritual"，And the pride survey，So I am exhausted，Extend the tentacles in all directions，Various resources are used for the return of the text of the "Yili" text，As a result, Shi Jingxue、Version Learning、"Interpretation" Learning、Clamp and other disciplines，Not only made a major contribution for the text of the "Ritual" text，And promoted the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty academic，Gong Mo Gao。How to expand and deepen academic research，Open the Innovation Bureau，Thinking about future generations。

　 (The author is a senior professor at Tsinghua University Liberal Arts、Zhejiang University Ma Yifu Academy part -time professor)