Is the humanistic discipline trapped in the ivory tower? Should I interact with the lives of the public?。The reporter of our reporter around the relationship between the humanities and the real world、Controversy of the respective views of both parties、The actual impact of the humanities can bring about the problems such as the impact of the humanities，Interview with Caroline Levine, a professor of English Literature at Cornell University in the United States。

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Lavin told this reporter，For a long time，In the research of human sciences, there are traditions that have academic and secular divergence。Many thinkers oppose scholars to participate in politics。Since ancient times, Roman thinker Seneca、Tacitus and St. Augustine began，In Western Culture，People think that scholars are obliged to stay away from political debates to maintain simple transcendence，Because the pursuit of power and private interest will corrode the real knowledge (Authentic Knowledge)。Ancient Christian theologian Origen，Translated as Russia) and Jerome (Jerome，Translated as Saint Jerom) will advance this view to，They insist that scholars should separate from secular power，To obtain extraordinary understanding，This concept of "scholars -monks" lasted for several centuries。In today's western universities，Especially at the School of Arts and Sciences，You can still see this view and the traces of its influence。Bet365 lotto review Lavin said，Even those who look forward to the future science fiction and fantasy novel writer，Generally, it is also avoided what measures can be taken to achieve these goals。

American scholar Louis L. Orlin wrote in his article "The Concept of Non -Political university" published in 1981: "Scholars only have content on some internal technical details of some discussion themes. Output，In addition，Speaking academics means that there is no opinion。This concept is very common，Even becoming a certain myth。"Now，This dispute still exists between various disciplines，Discussion is still very intense。Many people think，Scholars have never completely separated from the social and historical environment of their own and the secular interests related to themselves，Scholars need to take action to transform those fields dominated by traditional elites。

Rowin thinks，Academic circles cannot separate knowledge from secular value。Scholars have their own motivations when choosing to study some projects or exploring certain problems，These motivations and choices are related to the things that scholars valued，That is the cognition of scholars。Related value concepts may not involve power or private interest。For example，Some scholars strive to understand the process of real society and historical change，The driving force behind it is an urgent desire for social justice and collective prosperity，Do they need to think about whether such a goal is possible under the current conditions? If there is possibility，How to achieve it?

　　The humanities should think about meaningful action

Karen Pinkus, a professor at Italian literature and comparative literature of Cornell University, bet365 live casino games reminds people，On this controversial issue, you need to be alert to the "practical tyranny"。American literary critic、John Guillory, a professor at English professor of New York University, also said，Literature has its own value，No need to serve social mission。Jesse McCarthy, an assistant professor of English and African and African Americans in Harvard University in the United States, believes that art can cure the soul，Give people joy and comfort，Should not serve politics。He said，Scholars in the humanities focus on "interpretation"，Including many interpretations of aesthetic objects、Exploration of the diversity and openness of things，Therefore, it should be left open for scholars、Pnected free space。Once this openness is limited，Some scholars' requests can even be recognized as humanistic exploration。

For this，Rawin Return，Why do you use openness as the only value concept of humanities? She said，West attaches more importance to aesthetic experience，This has a long tradition。Aesthetic experience can break the conventional，Help people stop and question the world where they live。Scholars often have both ambitions、Open art and literary works express appreciation，Because these works can make people realize that there is no simple answer in the face of complex questions。According to the ideas of some thinkers in the field of art and humanities，Now，People are particularly urgent to need this open pause and thinking，Because in the West today，Whether it is a government or an enterprise，Thinking about people from the perspective of economic interests。

Rowin thinks，It makes sense to start from economic interests，But with the Bet365 app download increase in climate crisis，She started to worry about it。​​She has been thinking about what kind of action is a meaningful action，How should scholars in the humanities stop developing the situation in the worst direction，Discover，For many scholars who deeply cultivate literary research，These problems are quite strange。Lavin said，The attitude of the thinker in the field of humanities is incorrect，Scholars should actively take action，To solve politics、Issues in the fields of society and other fields contribute strength。From climate crisis to geopolitical tensions，The urgent and major problems in the world are all with people、Covenant Culture and Society，And the human discipline can help humans understand these problems。

Lavin especially emphasized，In terms of climate crisis，Scholars in the humanities should take more and more specific actions。For a long time，Industries related to fossil fuels have always passed the burden of climate change to personal consumers。At the same time, they want the public to accept a concept，That is the climate problem is an open problem，People should not try to solve this kind of question without answers。If you choose to stand by in this area，It seems to be in the relevant enterprises，Make them make more extreme choices in the pursuit of economic benefits。On the issue of climate change，Many people feel incompetent，The idea of ​​"humanities should stop" actually strengthens the problem of "climate change is too complicated，Therefore, people cannot take action "concept。Around Lelvin，There are many people who give up the problem of climate change because they feel weak and overwhelmed，bet365 Play online games The hope of solving this problem is pinned on others。In Laivin's view，Too much emphasis on the complexity and fuzzyness of the problem，As a result, people feel that they cannot even stop climate change and serious consequences caused by their triggers。but，What if artistic research can help humans meet the climate crisis? Lavin said，Human beings can use the skills and tools of humanistic thinking to help them analyze climate change problems and take relevant measures。

　　Opposition to weaken the humanistic discipline

Lavin proposed，In the field of art research，There is a long history of research method，that is the formalism method，Literary critics often use this method to analyze language and structural analysis of text。In aesthetic research，Forms usually refer to the model of organizational visual art and literature、shape and structure。and Lavin deliberately define the form more broadly，Think of it as any shape or configuration of the material、Any arrangement of the element、Any order or mode of the world。

Rowin thinks，​​Politics (collective life task) to a large extent is a formal problem，People continue to fight around the space such as boundary; at the same time, people will pay attention to time form，For example, from work rhythm to historical progress, it belongs to this category; if you look at it from the level of level，Many suffering are caused by the level system。Now it seems，Many political forms，Including race、Level System and National Border，It is indeed compressed and violent。It is because of this form，Many radical thinkers think，All forms should be resisted，The core of the two -faction liberalism is to get rid of all forms of restraint。But this also violates bet365 live casino games some people's understanding of common life，All human society depends on order to maintain daily survival。

Rowin thinks，To maintain a collective orderly life，The essential three factors are stable food and rest、A complete channel for handling water and waste、Date of the wind and rain。Scholars of humanities can use formalism to analyze、Design、Build a form of more fair lifestyle than people now。She takes "Fog Du" as an example to explain，This is a story full of suffering，Give it a big reunion ending，outlines the vision of the character's success in the future。The reunion ending in real life can also depict a optimistic forward road。

For this，McCarthy thinks，Literary forms do not need to be solved by solving problems，It can also inspire people to take practical action。Some songs are full of tragic optimism，This optimism originated from specific historical experience，Keep promoting the collective action，However, there is no homogeneous relationship between this form itself and its inspiration。

Lavin also mentioned，Those views that insist on objection to the tools of humanities have weakened the ability of scholars，Social planning and construction work to natural science、Scholars in the fields of social sciences。However, people need the wisdom and knowledge of human scientific scientists to jointly build a better world。Climate change threatens all life on the earth。People are carrying out energy conservation and emission reduction work，To maintain the livability of the earth，But there is not much time left for us。She hopes to work together，Create conditions for the common prosperity of the future generations。She believes that China bet365 Play online games is currently leading in this area，and some Western countries are far behind，This is not good for everyone in the world。She calls on everyone to seize the opportunity，Actively cope with the upcoming disaster。