Is the humanities trapped in the ivory tower？Should there be more interaction with public life？Should we take active actions to deal with real problems？Academia has launched a heated discussion on bet365 mobile betting。Our reporter focuses on the relationship between the humanities and the real world、The respective views of both sides of the debate、Issues such as the practical impact that the humanities can bring，Interviewed with Caroline Levine, Professor of English Literature at Cornell University, USA。

　Tracing the history of isolation between academia and the secular bet365 mobile betting

Levin told bet365 mobile betting reporter，Long time，In humanities research, there is a tradition of separating the academic from the secular。Many thinkers are opposed to scholars participating in politics。Since the ancient Roman thinker Seneca、Tacitus and Augustine(St. Augustine）Start，In Western culture，It is believed that scholars have an obligation to stay away from political debates in order to maintain a simple detachment，Because the pursuit of power and self-interest will corrupt authentic knowledge。The ancient Christian theologian Origen，Also translated as Origen) and Jerome，Also translated as Saint Jerome) takes bet365 mobile betting view one step further，They insist that scholars should be separated from secular power，To gain otherworldly understanding，bet365 mobile betting “scholar-monk” concept persisted for centuries。In today’s Western universities，Especially in liberal arts colleges，Traces of bet365 mobile betting perspective and its influence can still be seen。Levine said，Even those science fiction and fantasy writers who envision utopian futures，Explanation of what can be done to achieve these goals is also often avoided。

American scholar Louis L. Orlin) wrote in his article "The Concept of the Apolitical University" published in 1981: "Scholars only have content output on the internal technical details of some discussion topics，In addition，To be involved in academia means to have no point of view。bet365 mobile betting concept is very common，Even became some kind of myth。”Now，bet365 mobile betting debate still exists among various disciplines，The discussion is still very heated。Many people think，Scholars are never completely separated from their own social and historical environment and their own secular interests，Academics need to take action to transform fields dominated by traditional elites。

Levin thinks，Academia cannot separate knowledge from worldly values。bet365 mobile betting have their own motivations when choosing to study certain projects or explore certain issues，These motivations and choices are related to what the scholar values，It is related to bet365 mobile betting’ cognition。The relevant values ​​do not necessarily involve power or self-interest。For example，Some bet365 mobile betting strive to understand the real society and the process of historical change，The driving force behind it is the urgent desire for social justice and collective prosperity，What they need to think about is whether such a goal is possible under current conditions？If there is a possibility，How to achieve it？

　　bet365 mobile betting should think about meaningful action

Karen Pinkus, professor of Italian literature and comparative literature at Cornell University in the United States, reminds people，We need to be wary of the “tyranny of the practical” on bet365 mobile betting controversial issue。American literary critic、New York University English professor John Guillory also said，Literature has its own value，Not required to serve social mission。Jesse McCarthy, assistant professor of English and African and African-American Studies at Harvard University in the United States, believes that art can heal the soul，giving pleasure and comfort，Should not serve politics。He said，Scholars in the humanities focus on “interpretation”，Includes many interpretations of aesthetic objects、Exploration of the diversity and openness of things，Therefore it should be left open for scholars、Plenty of free space。Once bet365 mobile betting openness is restricted，Some of the pursuits of scholars cannot even be recognized as humanistic explorations。

To bet365 mobile betting，Levine asked back，Why should openness be the only value in the humanities?？She said，The West pays more attention to aesthetic experience，bet365 mobile betting has a long tradition。Aesthetic experience can break the rules，Helping people stop and question the world they live in。Scholars often equivocate about those、Open-ended expressions of appreciation for artistic and literary works，Because these works can make people realize that there are no simple answers to complex problems。According to the views of some thinkers in the arts and humanities，Present，People especially urgently need bet365 mobile betting kind of open pause and thinking，Because in today’s West，Whether it is the government or an enterprise，They are all pushing people to think about issues from the perspective of economic interests。

Levin thinks，It makes sense to start from economic interests，But as the climate crisis intensifies，She started to worry about bet365 mobile betting。She has been thinking about what kind of actions are meaningful actions，And how scholars in the humanities can prevent the worst from happening，Results found，For many scholars who are deeply involved in literary studies，These questions are quite unfamiliar。Levine said，It is incorrect for thinkers in the humanities to insist on inaction，Scholars should take active action，To resolve politics、Contribution to issues in social and other fields。From climate crisis to geopolitical tensions，The pressing and major problems in the world today all involve people、Culture and society are closely related，The humanities can help humans understand these issues。

Levin emphasized，In tackling the climate crisis，Scholars in the humanities should take more and more concrete actions。Long time，Fossil fuel-related industries have been shifting the burden of climate change onto individual consumers。At the same time, they hope that the public will accept a concept，That is, the climate issue is an open question，One should not try to solve such unanswered questions。If the humanities choose to sit on the sidelines in bet365 mobile betting regard，It seems to be exactly what the relevant companies want，Enable them to make more extreme choices in the pursuit of economic interests。On climate change，Many people feel powerless，And the idea that the humanities should stop actually reinforces that the climate change problem is too complex，Therefore people cannot take action" concept。Around Levin，There are many people who give up paying attention to climate change issues because they feel powerless and overwhelmed，Place your hope in solving bet365 mobile betting problem in others。In Levin's opinion，Overemphasis on the complexity and ambiguity of the problem，Leading people to believe that climate change and its serious consequences cannot and should not be prevented.。But，What if artistic research could help humanity deal with the climate crisis？Levine said，Humans can use the skills and tools of humanistic thinking to help them analyze climate change issues and take relevant measures。

　　Objection to its instrumentalization undermines the bet365 mobile betting

Levin proposed，In the field of art studies，There is a research method with a long history，Formalism method，Literary critics often use bet365 mobile betting method to perform linguistic and structural analysis of texts。In Aesthetic Studies，The word form usually refers to the pattern of organizing visual arts and literature、Shape and structure。And Levin deliberately defines form more broadly，Think of it as any shape or configuration of material、Any arrangement of elements、Any order or pattern of the world。

Levin thinks，Politics (collective life tasks) is largely a matter of form，People are constantly fighting over spatial forms such as borders；At the same time, people also pay attention to the time format，For example, everything from work rhythm to historical progress falls into bet365 mobile betting category；If we look at it from a hierarchical perspective，Much suffering is caused by hierarchy。Now it seems，Many forms of politics，include race、Hierarchy and national boundaries，Really oppressive and violent。It is precisely because of bet365 mobile betting form，Many radical thinkers believe that，All forms should be resisted，The core of liberalism on the left and right is to get rid of all forms of restraint。But bet365 mobile betting also goes against some of people’s understanding of living together，All human societies rely on order to maintain daily survival。

Levin thinks，To maintain an orderly collective life，The three essential factors are stable food and rest、Perfect access to water and waste、A shelter from wind and rain。Humanities scholars can use formalist methods to analyze、Design、Construct a more just form than the way people currently live。She explained using "Oliver Twist" as an example，bet365 mobile betting is a story full of suffering，Give it a happy ending，Outlines the character’s vision for success in the future。Real-life happy endings can also paint an optimistic path forward。

To bet365 mobile betting，McCarthy thinks，Literary form does not have to be problem-solving oriented，Also inspire people to take practical action。Some songs are full of tragic optimism，bet365 mobile betting optimism stems from specific historical experience，Continuously push collective action，However, there is no isomorphic relationship between the form itself and the actions it inspires。

Levin also mentioned，Those who insist on opposing the instrumentalization of the humanities undermine the capabilities of scholars，Leave the planning and construction of society to the natural sciences、Scholars in social sciences and other fields。However, people need the wisdom and knowledge of humanities scholars to jointly build a better world。Climate change threatens all life on Earth。People are carrying out energy conservation and emission reduction work，To keep the earth habitable，But we don’t have much time left。She hopes that through joint efforts，Create conditions for common prosperity for future generations。She believes that China is currently leading in bet365 mobile betting regard，Some Western countries are far behind，bet365 mobile betting is bad for everyone in the world。She calls on everyone to seize the opportunity，Actively respond to the coming disaster。