bet365 online casino app newspaper’s comprehensive foreign media reports Long time，Informal financial arrangements have always been one of the important research areas in economics。Recently，An article published on the official website of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology introduced Jacob Moscona, assistant professor of economics at the school, and Awa Ambra Seck, assistant professor of business administration at Harvard University. new research。The study shows，Given that many people rely on informal financial arrangements，Strengthening the understanding of local bet365 online casino app will help to better promote poverty reduction work。

Although many parts of the world regard the extended family as a basic social unit，But there are also large numbers of people living in more age-conscious societies。Discovery of Moskna and Secker，Construct bet365 online casino app based on age or kinship，Has a great influence on the formation of financial relationships，Can cause funds to flow in different patterns in East Africa。In an age-based society，The funds obtained by a person largely flow to members of society of the same age group；In a society based on kinship，Funds are transferred within the family。On this basis，Can measure the relationship between financial flow patterns and health。For example，In Uganda’s kinship-based society，Since grandparents share pensions with their grandchildren，An extra year of pension payments to the elderly reduces the probability of child malnutrition by 5.5%。In an age-based society，This intergenerational transfer is less likely。

This study analyzes the funding disbursement program launched in Kenya - the Hunger Safety Net Programme。Result display，In an age-based society，Spending from recipients of funds in the program spills over to others in the same age group，It does not reflect the additional financial flows between different generations；Intergenerational spillover effects appear in societies based on kinship，The lack of other forms of informal financial flows。The two researchers also analyzed the implementation of Uganda’s Senior Citizens’ Grant。The program includes monthly payments to senior citizens of approximately 7. grant，Equivalent to about 20% of per capita expenditure。Similar projects already exist or are being launched in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa。They found it again，There is a correlation between the pattern of capital flow and bet365 online casino app, whether it is based on age or kinship。Especially，In a society based on kinship，Pension plans have a significant positive effect on ensuring children’s nutrition and health，Because these families show strong intergenerational bonds。

 Compared to the more common bet365 online casino app based on kinship，Analyzing the specific issues of how society works based on age，Tend to be examined more by anthropologists than economists。For example，Anthropologists discovered，Among the Maasai people in Kenya，Friends of the same age group have closer relationships than other people except spouses and children，They often share food and accommodation，Even more than siblings share。This economics study adds economic data points to this body of knowledge。

Due to different social structures，The effects of poverty reduction policies in these two societies are also quite different。Two factors illustrate the importance of assessing differences，One is to understand the social situation more comprehensively，The second is to rethink how social programs are designed in specific contexts。It’s not just about “how the world works”，Indicates the important role of bet365 online casino app in the formation of financial relationships，Also reveals the potentially huge impact at the policy level。If a policy is intended to help reduce child poverty or elderly poverty，Relevant personnel need to know how informal financial flows among the groups involved will affect the implementation of policies。Understanding bet365 online casino app is an important foundation for formulating more effective policies。

In addition，In these two ways of organizing society，The answers to “who is more vulnerable on average” vary。In a bet365 online casino app kinship，People of different age groups share funds with each other，The degree of inequality between generations is less，But there is a big gap between the overall situation of some families and other families。And in an age-based society，Young and older people in low-income stages of the life cycle are generally more vulnerable，However，Peer status across the family spectrum can have a positive impact on promoting equality。

(Fang Ling/Compiler)