The rural land system is the prerequisite and foundation of rural social production and development。An important support for the socialist economic system，The rural land system directly affects agricultural development、Rural prosperity and peasant happiness，The rural land system in different historical periods has a profound impact on revolution and construction。

Democratic Revolution period，The Communist Party of China according to the needs of the revolution，Develop a land policy，Mobilization of farmers' enthusiasm for participating in the revolution，Finally won the victory of the democratic revolution。After the founding of New China，A profound change in the rural land system，Especially the early establishment of New China，The rural land system has experienced "farmers owe、Personal operations → Farmers owned、Collective operation → collective、Collective operation "historic changes，This is unique in the history of the changes of the rural land system in China。

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The changes in the rural land system are closely related to the level of rural social development in a specific historical context。The rural land system as the category of production relations，The internal change is determined by the level of social productivity。When the level of social productivity changes，Between the rural land system and productivity in a relatively stable state, conflicts will occur。To promote the development of rural society，You must adjust the production relationship，Change the rural land system。

Early in the founding of New China，The whole country is in full waste、On the occasion of Baiye to be held。The land reform campaign owned by the landlord ownership of Bet365 lotto review the landlords of the land to build the land reform campaign meets the peasants' demand for land，Improving the initiative of farmers' production，Promoting the development of rural economy。But the disadvantages of small farmers have gradually exposed，Become the development of rural society。Chinese Communist Party Times Time，Gradually transition the production of land and other means of production into a collective，Completed changes in rural land real estate rights，Adapt to the needs of social development。

Since the reform and opening up，With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization，Rural land idle phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious，Land capital dividend release is suppressed，Wasting agricultural resources，The development of agricultural modernization is delayed。This determines the innovation of the rural land system in the new era or starting from the development of rural social productivity，Improve the land transfer mechanism，Standardize land circulation procedures，Promoting and improving the "three rights separation" system。Speed ​​up the construction of farmers' family operations、Cooperation and United as a link、Social service -based stereo composite modern agricultural business system。Encourage industrial and commercial capital to enter the countryside，Cultivation of professional big households、Family Farm、Agricultural Production Professional Cooperative、New diversified agricultural business entities such as leading agricultural enterprises，Develop a variety of forms of moderate scale operations and modern agriculture，Improve the organization of agricultural production、Scientific、scale、standardization，Improve the output rate of land、Resource utilization and labor productivity，Promote the value -added of capital resources of rural land resources。

　　Farmers' subjectivity is value orientation

The reform and innovation of the rural land system is closely related to the vital interests of farmers。Any change of the rural land system must respect the main bet365 best casino games position of farmers、Meeting the interests of farmers is to return。Only this，Only to win farmers' identity and support for institutional changes。Early in the founding of New China，The land of the landlord is confiscated，Farmers have obtained the dream of the dream，With the ownership of the land and the right to use，Production enthusiasm is high。The subsequent agricultural production cooperatives to a certain extent make up for the shortcomings of the small farmers' economy，Guarantee the vested interests of farmers，curbing the polarization of rural society。

Current，During the transfer of rural land operation rights，There are still behaviors that harm farmers' interests。If a single farmer in a relatively weak farmer and the powerful market entity of the capital, there is strength、Dispine status，Forced circulation appears、Circulation damage and other phenomena。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized many times，The reform of the rural land system should prevent orderism and one -size -fits -all，Always emphasize respect for farmers' wishes，Can't choose to choose from farmers。New Era，The reform and innovation of the rural land system must always be centered on farmers，Respect the subject of the peasant，Meeting farmers' aspirations，Maintaining the vital interests of farmers，Fundamentally guarantee the use of beneficial rights that farmers enjoy in accordance with the law。Legally strengthening and confirming that farmers collective as the main position of land owners，Carefully do a good job of the right to confirm the right to land contract，Entry the acquisition of the right to contract for farmers、Transfer、Exchange、Inheritance、Exercise such as exit。Improve the legal system of supporting the transfer of land operation rights，Establish a professional service platform for land operation rights transfer，Improve the financial support system for the transfer of land operation rights，A security mechanism for strengthening the implementation of land operation rights transfer bet365 best casino games policy，Effectively maintaining agricultural business entities in land circulation、Geerase improvement、Improvement of facilities、Rights and interests in mortgage financing。The reform of the rural land system should be embedded in the entire rural society，Listen to farmers' hearts，Following the demands of farmers，Understand the peasants' opinions and suggestions on the reform of the rural land system，Let the farmers truly become the beneficiary of reform。

　Clarifying the power of land is the main line of theme

Changes in the rural land system In the final analysis, it is the change of agricultural real estate rights。Agricultural real estate rights mainly refer to the "right beam" formed by all the rights of land and property to gather together，Contains the ownership of agricultural land and other relatively independent rights。After the founding of New China，The Communist Party of China through the Land Reform Movement allows farmers to have a complete "rights beam" for farmers' real estate rights，Ji Agricultural Land ownership、The right to use the right is integrated。Shortly after land reform，Land leases in rural society、Land buying and selling relationship。Farmers' autonomous separation of land real estate rights，Land ownership、Use right, etc.。To curb the spontaneous power of rural capitalism，The Communist Party of China passed the agricultural cooperation campaign，Gradually collect land real estate rights to collective，Organize farmers unified operation。

New Era，The reform of the rural land system should be focused on the optimization of the "rights bouquet" of agricultural real estate rights，Clarifying rural land empower，Strengthen land right，Multi -functional land。Current，The innovation of the rural land system must improve the "three power separation" system in rural contracting land，Implement the collective ownership of the land，Stable land farmer contract right，Land of Land Management。Clear ownership of rural land、Contracting right、The legal meaning of the Bet365 app download right to operate、Property Rights subject、Power and Energy Border and Economic Legal Responsibility，Clarifying farmers' collective、Contracting farmers、The ownership relationship between the parties of the business subject，Establish and improve clear belonging、Power is complete、Circulation is smooth、Protecting strict rural collective property rights system。Increasingly accelerated in rural urbanization、In the context of the gradual advancement of modernization，Farmers who are willing to withdraw from the countryside into the town，Under the premise guarantee of voluntary exit and reasonable economic compensation，Improve the withdrawal mechanism of land contracting right，Improve land utilization，Enhance the benefits of land use，Enhance the benefits of land use。In protecting farmers' contract rights，At the same time of doing business rights，Give the business entity more land rights，Guarantee operators enjoy possessive、Use、Income、mortgage、Guarantee、Rights and other rights，Allowing operators will be subdivided into operating decision -making rights within the scope allowed by law、Business Management Right、Management supervision power and other power。

　　Government Statue guidance is the dominant force

The government plays an important role in system changes。The core issue of changes in the rural land system is the issue of land real estate rights，The essence is surrounded by land，In the government、Market、Farmers to play a game of interests，Promote the adjustment of the rural land system。Any change of the rural land system is inseparable from the performance of government functions and the promotion of administrative forces。The Land Reform Movement after the founding of New China，It is the top -down institutional change through the strong government forces。The subsequent agricultural cooperation campaign，Compared to the previous land reform，I did not fully rely on the government's compulsory Bet365 lotto review force，But the leadership of the changes in the rural land system is still the country (government)。Therefore，Agricultural Cooperation Movement belongs to the changes in the gradual compulsory system involved and guided by the government，To maximize the political maximization support of institutional changes (before 1955) and the potential interests of rents (after 1955)，Gradually completed the private property of the farmers of the land real estate rights to all changes to the collective。

Current，The land system of the family joint production contract responsibility system presents the trend of efficiency and marginal reduction。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，In the process of promoting the reform and innovation of the rural land system, the development of the land real estate right trading market is slow、Inccessive land transfer procedures、Volume contract is irregular、The circulation intermediary organization is not sound、Financial support is not in place、Inadequate protection of farmers' interests。The government wants to comprehensively review the question，Improve the legal norms and management system，Introducing promoting the reform of the rural land system in land plan、Market Management、Financial support、Platform construction、Risk prevention、policy measures such as relief channels，Optimized land plan、Integrated idle resources，Guarantee farmers' income。The government should also find the role positioning，Strengthen the macro -control ability to the land market，Improve the trading mechanism of land real estate rights，Standardize the main behavior of land trading，Make sure the healthy development of the land market，Systemicity of ensuring the reform and innovation of the rural land system、Science and effectiveness。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the "Evolution of the Rural Land System and Rural Society (1949-1957)" in the early days of the National Social Science Fund project、Researcher Yangzhou University Base Research Center of the Socialist Theoretical System Research Center of Jiangsu Province)