The bet365 apuestas is the premise and foundation for rural social production and development。As an important support for the socialist economic system,The bet365 apuestas directly affects agricultural development、Rural prosperity and farmers’ happiness,The bet365 apuestas in different historical periods has had a profound impact on revolution and construction。
Democratic Revolution Period,The Communist Party of China according to the needs of the revolutionary situation,Formulate land policy,Mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in the revolution,Finally won the victory of the democratic revolution。After the founding of New China,The bet365 apuestas has undergone profound changes,Especially in the early days of the founding of New China,The bet365 apuestas has experienced "peasant ownership" in a relatively short period of time、Individual business→owned by farmers、Collectively operated → Collectively owned、Historic changes in collective management,This is unique in the history of changes in China’s bet365 apuestas。
bet365 apuestas standards are the fundamental basis
Changes in the bet365 apuestas are closely related to the level of rural social development in a specific historical context。bet365 apuestas as a category of production relations,Internal changes are determined by the level of social productivity。When the level of social productivity changes,Conflicts will arise between the bet365 apuestas and productivity in a relatively stable state。In order to promote the development of rural society,We must adjust production relations,Reform the bet365 apuestas。
The early days of the founding of New China,The entire country is in dire straits、Everything is waiting for you。The bet365 apuestas reform movement that transformed feudal bet365 apuestas ownership by landlords into peasant ownership satisfied farmers’ demand for bet365 apuestas,Improving farmers’ production enthusiasm,Promoted the development of rural economy。But the shortcomings of the small-scale peasant economy are gradually exposed,Becoming a fetter to the development of rural society。The Communist Party of China assesses the situation,Gradually transition bet365 apuestas and other means of production to collective ownership,Completed the change of rural bet365 apuestas property rights,Adapted to the needs of social development。
Since the reform and opening up,With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,The phenomenon of idle land in rural areas is becoming increasingly serious,The release of land capital dividends is suppressed,Waste of agricultural resources,Retarded the development of agricultural modernization。This determines that the innovation of the bet365 apuestas in the new era must start from the development of rural social productivity,Improving the land transfer mechanism,Standardize land transfer procedures,Promote and improve the "separation of three rights" system for rural contracted land。Accelerate the construction of a business based on farmers’ families、Cooperation and alliance are the bond、A three-dimensional composite modern agricultural management system supported by social services。Encourage industrial and commercial capital to enter rural areas,Cultivation of large professional households、Family Farm、Agricultural production professional cooperative、New diversified agricultural business entities such as leading agricultural enterprises,Develop various forms of moderate-scale operations and modern agriculture,Improve the organization of agricultural production、Scientific、Scale、Normalization degree,Increase land productivity、Resource utilization and labor productivity,Promote the capital appreciation of rural land resources。
bet365 apuestas’ subjectivity is their value orientation
The reform and innovation of the bet365 apuestas is closely related to the vital interests of farmers。Any reform of the bet365 apuestas must respect the dominant position of farmers、Relying on satisfying the interests of farmers。Only this way,In order to win farmers’ recognition and support for system changes。The early days of the founding of New China,Landowner’s land confiscated,Farmers obtained the land they dreamed of,Have the ownership and use rights of the land,High production enthusiasm。The subsequent development of agricultural production cooperatives made up for the shortcomings of the small farmer economy to a certain extent,Protect farmers’ vested interests,Containing the polarization of rural society。
Current,In the process of transferring rural land management rights,There are also behaviors that harm the interests of farmers。For example, a relatively weak individual farmer and a market entity with strong capital have strength、Disparity in status,Forced transfer occurs、Damage in circulation and other phenomena。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized many times,The reform of the bet365 apuestas must put an end to commandism and one-size-fits-all,Always emphasize respecting farmers’ wishes,Cannot choose on behalf of farmers。New Era,The reform and innovation of the bet365 apuestas must always be farmers-centered,Respect the dominant position of farmers,Meet farmers’ demands,Protect the vital interests of farmers,Fundamentally guarantee farmers’ usufruct rights according to law。Strengthen and confirm the dominant status of farmers’ collectives as land owners in law,Conscientiously carry out the work of confirming and issuing land contract rights,Guaranteeing farmers’ contracting rights、Transfer、Exchange、Inheritance、Exercise of powers such as withdrawal。Improve the legal system supporting the transfer of land management rights,Establish a professional service platform for the transfer of land management rights,Improving the financial support system for the transfer of land management rights,Strengthening the guarantee mechanism for the implementation of land management rights transfer policies,Effectively safeguard agricultural business entities in land transfer、Soil power improvement、Facilities improvement、Mortgage financing and other rights and interests。The reform of the bet365 apuestas should be embedded in the entire rural society,Listen to the voices of farmers,Pay attention to farmers’ demands,Understand farmers’ opinions and suggestions on bet365 apuestas reform,Let farmers truly become the beneficiaries of the reform。
Make it clear that bet365 apuestas empowerment is the main theme
The changes in the bet365 apuestas are ultimately changes in agricultural property rights。Agricultural property rights mainly refer to the "bundle of rights" formed by the aggregation of all rights to land property,Includes agricultural land ownership and other relatively independent rights。After the founding of New China,The Chinese Communist Party has enabled farmers to have complete agricultural property rights through the land reform movement.,Collection of agricultural land ownership、Use rights and other rights integrated。Shortly after the end of land reform,Land leasing appeared in rural society、Land sales relationship。Farmers divide land property rights independently,Land ownership、Usage rights etc. are separated。In order to curb the spontaneous forces of rural capitalism,The Communist Party of China passed the agricultural cooperative movement,Gradually return land property rights to the collective,Organize farmers to conduct unified management。
New Era,The reform of the bet365 apuestas should focus on the optimization of the "rights bundle" of agricultural property rights,Clear rural land empowerment,Strengthen land power,Utilize the multiple functions of land。current,The innovation of bet365 apuestas must improve the "separation of three rights" system of rural contracted land,Implement collective ownership of land,Stabilize farmers’ land contract rights,Release land management rights。Clear rural land ownership、Contracting rights、The legal implications of business rights、Property rights subject、Power boundaries and economic and legal responsibilities,Clear the farmers’ collective、Contracted farmers、Ownership relationship between business entities,Establish and improve clear ownership、Complete power、Smooth flow、Protect the strict rural collective property rights system。In rural areas, urbanization is accelerating、In the context of the gradual advancement of modernization,For farmers who are willing to leave the countryside and enter the cities,Under the premise of voluntary withdrawal and reasonable economic compensation,Improving the exit mechanism for land contract rights,Improve land utilization,Revitalizing existing land resources,Enhance land use efficiency。Protecting farmers’ contracting rights,While revitalizing management rights,Give operating entities more land rights,Protect the owner of the business right to enjoy possession、Use、Profit、Mortgage、Guarantee、Rights such as stock ownership,Allow the owner of the operating rights to subdivide the operating rights into operating decision-making rights within the scope permitted by law、Operation and management rights、Operation supervision rights and other powers。
bet365 apuestas regulations and guidance are the leading force
The government plays an important role in institutional changes。The core issue in the changes in the bet365 apuestas is the issue of land property rights,The essence is about land,In government、Market、Game of interests among three farmers,Promote adjustments to the bet365 apuestas。Any change in the bet365 apuestas is inseparable from the promotion of government functions and administrative power。The land reform movement after the founding of New China,It is to achieve top-down institutional changes through strong government power。The subsequent agricultural cooperative movement,Compared to previous land reform,Does not completely rely on government coercive power,However, the state (government) still dominates the changes in bet365 apuestas。Therefore,The agricultural cooperative movement is a progressive and mandatory institutional change that is participated and guided by the government,In order to achieve the potential benefits of maximizing political support for institutional change (before 1955) and maximizing rents (after 1955),Gradually completed the transformation of land property rights from private ownership by farmers to collective ownership。
Current,The land system of the household responsibility system shows a trend of diminishing marginal efficiency。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,In the process of promoting the reform and innovation of the bet365 apuestas, the slow development of the land property rights trading market has also been exposed、Imperfect land transfer procedures、Irregular transfer contract、The circulation intermediary organization is not sound、Financial support is not in place、Insufficient protection of farmers’ interests and other issues。The government needs to comprehensively examine the problem,Improving legal norms and management systems,Introduction of land planning to promote bet365 apuestas reform、Market Management、Financial support、Platform construction、Risk Prevention、Policies and measures in relief channels and other aspects,Optimize land planning、Consolidate idle resources,Guarantee farmers’ income。The government should also identify its role,Strengthen the macro-control capabilities of the land market,Improving the land property rights trading mechanism,Regulating the behavior of land transaction entities,Ensuring the healthy development of the land market,Ensuring the systematic reform and innovation of the bet365 apuestas、Scientificness and Effectiveness。
(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Project "Evolution of bet365 apuestas and Rural Social Change in the Early Years of the Founding of New China (1949-1957)"、Researcher at Yangzhou University Base, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics)
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