Official paper ancient books are a special form of ancient books，Specifically refers to the official bet365 premier league odds abandoned by the government during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties、Archive、Account books include private letters and other ancient books printed or copied on the back of paper。It has the contents of ancient books on the front，Official and private bet365 premier league odds on the back、The dual value of first-hand historical materials such as account books and books，Doubly precious compared to ordinary ancient books。Currently, a total of 170 kinds of official bet365 premier league odds and ancient books on paper have been mastered in specific Tibetan areas，A total of 116 types that have been transcribed，By analyzing the bet365 premier league odds on the back of these ancient books，Visible，The paper-backed bet365 premier league odds of ancient books have the following distinctive characteristics。

　　bet365 premier league odds

116 kinds of paper-backed bet365 premier league odds of ancient books that can be viewed，It can be divided into 55 types of official bet365 premier league odds according to content type、40 types of books、4 types of private letters、6 types of imperial examination papers、11 types of blank official paper。It can be seen from this，Official bet365 premier league odds in paper-backed bet365 premier league odds、The number of registered books occupies an absolute dominant position，The number of private letters is small。55 types of paper-backed official bet365 premier league odds，6 species in Song Dynasty，Including military and political bet365 premier league odds on the northwest border between the two Song Dynasties、Pingjiang Prefecture officials’ applications for leave during the Qiandao and Chunxi dynasties, as well as Taiping Prefecture and Ezhou during the Chunxi Period、Jiangnan West Road during the Jiatai Period、Liquor taxation under the jurisdiction of states and counties under Zhejiang East Road during the Jiading period、Application for miscellaneous money for the field, warehouse, etc., and an application for ban on calendar in some states and counties。3 species from Yuan Dynasty，First, "Book of Wei" collected by the National Library，The back of the paper is an administrative document submitted by various prefectures and counties in Zhejiang Province to the Su Zheng Lian Visiting Department of Jiangnan and West Zhejiang Province，The content involves the selection and appointment of officials、Salary distribution、Relief for the elderly、Population view、Tax collection、Photographing the bet365 premier league odds、Legal Litigation、Price estimation and many other aspects；The second is two fragments of "Lunheng" collected in Shanghai Library and Nanjing Museum，The back of the paper is an official document submitted by a company during the Yanyou period of the Yuan Dynasty to the Zhejiang East Haiyou Road Suzheng Integrity Investigation Company。46 species in Ming Dynasty，Document type includes complaint、Approval、Presentation、holding the knot、Keep the knot in shape、Confession、Collar、Handwriting、Revealing post、Constitutional votes, etc.，The content involves public security inspections、Warehouse Management、Zhaoshu Wenjuan、Prisoner Soldier、tax, grain and money、horse administration、Official Assessment、Instructions for chaste women、Jun Ding Gou Bu、Army Surplus Farming、Station fees and many other matters，Most of the targets of the submission are patrol inspectors。40 kinds of paper-backed books，Mainly books related to taxes and servitude，Contains Yuan Huzhou Road Household Register and Hangzhou Road Fish Scale Atlas、Field tax and grain book，Ming Dynasty Xiaohuang Book、Yellow Book of Taxes、Zonglu Book，Qing Dynasty memorials and sales records, etc.，32 types in total，There are also 5 types of military registers of the Ming Dynasty、2 types of instruction books、1 type of Official Phrases Book。

Official document on paper back、Registration，From the perspective of the author，All written by local administrative agencies or officials in Fuzhou and County、Created。Among them，Except for complaints, the intended subjects are ordinary people、Most of the submission targets are other than the officials in charge of the management agencies to which they belong，Other subjects for writing official bet365 premier league odds are divided into two categories: administrative agencies and individual officials。Among them，The administrative agency is basically Fuzhou County and its jurisdiction of liquor taxation、Field library、Inn、Delivery Office、Experience Department、Inspection Department and other local administrative units；Officials are basically managers of the above-mentioned administrative agencies。Overall，Official bet365 premier league odds backed by paper except the Ming Dynasty Constitution，Basically an upward text，No further text found，Most of them are petitions and submissions for grassroots local agencies to report on the handling of relevant affairs or matters under their jurisdiction in accordance with the instructions of superiors。Books and bet365 premier league odds on paper backs，Although there is a yellow book of taxes and servitude、Directory of Guard Flag Army, etc.，Submitted to the Central Household Department、Ministry of War，However, all the manufacturing units belong to local states, counties or local health centers。Except official bet365 premier league odds、Not registered，Blank document paper on the back，The seals on it are also local state and county seals，Paper-backed imperial examination papers are mostly rural examination papers，Therefore, locality is a prominent feature of paper-backed bet365 premier league odds。

As everyone knows，Song Dynasty bet365 premier league odds are mainly handed down from historical records，There has always been a lack of discovery of new literature，Local administrative files are extremely scarce。Although the Yuan Dynasty was due to the unearthing of bet365 premier league odds from Heishui City，A certain number of newly discovered local administrative bet365 premier league odds，But it is limited to the northwest corner of Yiji Nai Road，The administrative system reflected is not universal。Although there were cabinet archives in the Ming Dynasty、Liaodong archives and Huizhou bet365 premier league odds and other large archival bet365 premier league odds handed down from generation to generation，But the first two are mainly government office files at the central ministries and local provincial levels in the Ming Dynasty，The latter is mainly private private deed files，Missing state、Official bet365 premier league odds and archives of this link of county and other local administrative agencies。Therefore，Local characteristics of paper-backed bet365 premier league odds，It can greatly make up for the lack of local grassroots administrative bet365 premier league odds and archives handed down from the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties，Provide a large number of valuable original archives and historical materials for the study of local governance and administrative operations。

　　bet365 premier league odds

In terms of transcribed paper-backed bet365 premier league odds，Although there is a submission time for official bet365 premier league odds on paper backs of the same ancient book、Drafting organization、Case in which the nature of the bet365 premier league odds is not the same，But most of them have relatively concentrated reporting time、Same submission object、The phenomenon involving relatively unified matters。In short，A paper-backed document from the same ancient book，Mostly concentrated within a period of time，Different institutions、Department’s handling of the same type of matters，Declaration submitted to the same department or official、Official document of guarantee。The same ancient book on the back of paper，Most of them belong to different prefectures and counties、A book of the same nature compiled by Wei。Therefore，It can be said that the bet365 premier league odds on the back of ancient books are extremely homogeneous。This homogeneity，Not only exists on the back of the same ancient book，There are also phenomena in which several different ancient books are printed using the same batch of official bet365 premier league odds or books。such as，"Hanshu", a printed paper version of official bet365 premier league odds collected by Japan's Jingjiatang Library，Shanghai Library collects a paper copy of the official bet365 premier league odds of the Jiangnan East Road Transfer Company in Shaoxing, Song Dynasty, "Book of the Later Han Dynasty"、Fragments of the "Book of Wei", a paper version of the official bet365 premier league odds of the Song and Yuan dynasties, engraved in the Song Dynasty，The Sichuan Provincial Library collects the fragments of "Book of Wei", an official document printed on paper from the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Xiu Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, etc.，The back of the paper is from the same batch of small yellow books of the state capital in the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty。Another example，The paper copies of official bet365 premier league odds of the Ming Dynasty collected by Suzhou University, "Yu Yi Bian" and "New Edition of National Treasures", and the paper copies of official bet365 premier league odds of the Ming Dynasty collected by the Peking University Library, "Qingxi Xiabi", "Seven Persons' Couplet Poems", "Wujun Er Ke Zhi" and "痗 Crane" Mingkao》，The back of the paper is from the same batch of official bet365 premier league odds written during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty。In addition，As far as we can see so far，Basically only one of the same carved ancient books is an official paper version，It has not been found that there are two or more official paper copies of the same carved ancient book。such as，Shanghai Museum、National Library、The Shandong Provincial Library has a collection of fragments of the paper version of "Tongjian Sequel" engraved by Gu Ti from the Yuan Dynasty to the Zheng Dynasty during the Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty，The back of the paper is from the same batch of Yuan Hangzhou Road Fish Scale Atlas，None of the remaining volumes in the three places have the same number，It can be determined that it is the same official document and the paper copies are scattered and collected。Another example，National Library、Shanghai Library、Suzhou Library、The Nantong Library has a paper copy of the official bet365 premier league odds of Hu Zongxian in Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, "The Zuobian of the History of Historical Dynasties"，Nantong、Fragmentary copy hidden in Beijing，Suzhou、Shanghai Zangwei complete version，But it is a later supplement，This book, paper strap, and official bet365 premier league odds are found in four different volumes, none of which are the same，It should also be that the paper copies of the same official document are scattered and stored。

Homogeneity of paper-backed bet365 premier league odds，Determine the version of ancient books for us、The nature of scattered and damaged bet365 premier league odds on paper backs has great reference value。First，It can further improve the version of ancient books、Accuracy of diaspora determination。such as，Through paperback literature，Can confirm the above Jingjiatang、Shanghai Library and Sichuan Provincial Library collect "Han Shu", "Later Han Shu" and "Wei Shu"，This should be the original copy of the Song Dynasty, Shaoxing Jiangnan East Road Transport Department, revised in the Yuan Dynasty, and revised in the early Ming Dynasty。Another example，The 2020 Yongle Auction "Ancient Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Night Sale" auctioned three volumes of official document paper "Collection of Wang Wengong"，The back of the paper is from the same Song Dynasty as the paper back of Long Shu's "Collected Works of Wang Wengong" in the Shanghai Museum，These three volumes should be from the collection of the Shanghai Museum and are scattered in the collection。Secondly，Homogeneity can provide a definite basis for determining the nature of damaged bet365 premier league odds on paper backs。Paper used for official bet365 premier league odds and ancient books，It belongs to secondary use，Metropolis cut the original paper because the size does not fit the engraving format，Resulting in the loss of important information in the original document。This situation also exists in unearthed bet365 premier league odds，But it can be based on the same grave、The age of the bet365 premier league odds unearthed in the same place、Property，Determine the damaged document information。Determination of homogeneity of paper-backed bet365 premier league odds，So that we can learn from the methods of organizing unearthed bet365 premier league odds，Refer to the document on the back of the same book，The unit that prepares damaged bet365 premier league odds、The era of writing、Submission object、Infer the nature of the document and other key information，To provide accurate basis for research。

　　Error simplicity

Abandoned official document、Books are used to print ancient books，Often adapted to the format size of printed ancient books，To original bet365 premier league odds、Cutting book paper，The original 1-leaf complete paper，Cut into 2 leaves or even multiple leaves，So the bet365 premier league odds on the back of the paper are mostly residual leaves，Rarely those with complete content。In addition，Due to the printing focus, the page number order of the printed ancient books，The order of the original bet365 premier league odds after cropping is basically ignored，Therefore, there are still serious errors in paper-backed bet365 premier league odds。This kind of damage is wrong，To fully understand the content of the literature，Conducting research caused great trouble。Therefore，An important task in the organization of paper-backed bet365 premier league odds is to concatenate and restore them。

There are two situations for concatenating and restoring paper-backed bet365 premier league odds。First, complete restoration，Mostly seen in official bet365 premier league odds、Book literature。Due to official bet365 premier league odds、Shu Qi，Limited paper used per piece，There are less parts that are discarded and unused after cutting，Complete recovery possible。Recovery requires judgment of handwriting、Is the ink color uniform，Is the content connected?，Original author of the article、Is the personnel consistent with the official custody at the end of the article，The latter two are the main basis for whether the conjugation restoration is correct。The second is partial recovery，Commonly found in books and bet365 premier league odds。Because the book itself generally uses a lot of paper，When dismantling, cutting and printing ancient books，Most of the original books cannot retain all the paper，Will cause some content to be damaged，Therefore only partial recovery can be achieved。Related official bet365 premier league odds on the restoration of books and bet365 premier league odds、The restoration of Shuqi is more complicated。The original books used to print ancient books seen so far，General paper is larger，Often two leaves of existing ancient books can be combined into one leaf of the original book，Therefore, the restoration of the register requires single-leaf conjugation first，On the basis of single leaf conjugation，Based on the contents of the register、Before and after data and other information，Sort the single leaves of the register，Achieving registration restoration。For example, there are three kinds of memorial books on the back of the paper "Divided Annotations on Du Gongbu's Poems" collected by Zhilan Zhai，One of them is "The Sales Volume of Zhejiang Province's Money Savings and Grain Sales in the Sixth Year of the Seventh Year of Qianlong's Movement"，The number of leaves in the existing ancient book is 143，Five leaves cannot be combined，The remaining 138 leaves can be combined into 69 original book leaves in twos，After sorting，Can be restored to three parts of the original book。Although books and bet365 premier league odds can only be partially restored，But it can basically be restored based on the content，Analyze the basic book format of the complete book，Display the basic structure of the book and the publishing elements，Provide more information for research。It can be said，Because most of the bet365 premier league odds on the back of the paper are damaged and incorrectly simplified，Systematically organize and restore them，Is the basic premise for conducting in-depth research。Another，Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties，Except for the Ming and Qing dynasties where some tax and service records were circulated，There has always been a lack of discovery of batches of tax and service records in the Song and Yuan dynasties，The concatenation, restoration and arrangement of paper-backed books and bet365 premier league odds can make up for this defect to a certain extent。

Although the contents of the bet365 premier league odds on the back of ancient books are relatively detailed，There are many incomplete and wrong pages，But after systematic arrangement、Conjugation and recovery，Can still show the basic original appearance，Highlight its operation as a local administration、Taxation、The unique historical value of practical bet365 premier league odds such as health center management，Research it，It will definitely promote scholars’ continuous in-depth research on related issues in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties。

　(The author is the host of the National Social Science Foundation project "Compilation and Research of Newly Discovered Ancient Books Backed on Paper Backs and Ming Dynasty Prison bet365 premier league odds"、Professor, School of History and Culture, Hebei Normal University)