Nearly people Zhang Guozhen's "Ancient Chinese Records" records the geographical literature of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, no less than 300 units，But "Sui Shu · Jing Ji Zhi" List of 128 geographical literature in the early Tang Dynasty, the Geographical Literature of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，It is not as good as the number of listed in the opening。To "Old Tang Book · Classics" Kaiyuan Inner Library Bibliography，See 65 geographical literature in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，Only half of the Tang Dynasty。迤 until today，The geographical literature of Wei, Jin, Southern and Southern Dynasties still has specialized "Water Sutra Note", "Luoyang Galan Ji", "Buddhist State"，Single articles include "Continuation of Han Book · County State", "Song Shu ·zhou County Chronicle", "Nanqishu ·zhou County Chronicle", "Wei Shu · Terrain"，The rest have been roughly dead，It can be described as no one。

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Strictly speaking，The geography of the past history cannot be regarded as "first -hand information"，"Continued Han Book · County State", "Song Shu · Prefecture County Chronicle", "Nanqishu · State County Chronicle", "Wei Shu · Terrain" also。But except for the differences in details，This four "Zhi" has a large difference in the use of related information。Sima Biao's "Continuation of Han Book · County Guo Zhi" is a household registration in Yonghe Five years (140) under Yinjo, Henan，Wang Mingsheng's "Seventeen History Troublers" Based on this "Suspecting County Construction and Based on this year"，"Gai Sima's occasional life，Sui bet365 live casino games according to it "。This theory has become a consensus in the academic community。Wei Yu's "Wei Shu · Terrain" "Preface" Mingzai Kanto area according to Wuding，Kansai area according to Yongxi 绾。This not only explains the standard age of the zone shown in the "Wei Shu · Terrain"，It is more clear about the belonging to the contained area、Mountains and cities、Mountains and cities、Accounting data and other information are derived from the household registration file。So，"Wei Shu · Terrain" did not quote any other geographical documents for reference。

The difference between this is，"Song Book · State County Chronicle" and "Nanqishu ·zhou County Chronicle" all quoted other geographical documents，Especially "Song Book · Prefecture County Chronicle" as a lot。Shen Yue even bluntly used its full use of various geographical chiefs、Guo Shizhou County Zhi and Geographical Miscellaneous Books "Test each other"。"Song Book · Prefecture County Chronicle", He Chengtian's history of "State County Chronicle", with the 20th year of Yuan Jia (443) as the lower limit，Xu Yiguo's history of "State County" is based on the eight years of Daming (464) as the lower limit。To measure "Song Book · State County Chronicle"，Great Yuanjia Twenty years later, the state and counties set up in the state of the state will not carry the way (Yongzhou、郢 exception)，The state and counties set up in the eight years of Daming will not carry accounts，Therefore, I know "Song Shu · State County Chronicle".，Accounting data Book from Xu Zhi。This actually shows that "Song Shu ·zhou County Chronicle" is compiled by comprehensive use of various geographical literature。

"Nanqishu · State County Chronicle" is to superimposed the national history of different years of "State County Chronicle"。Xiao Zixian first included the first year of Yongming (483) in the history of the history of the country Bet365 lotto review to the first year of Yongyuan (499)、Extraction of the county of Yongyuan in the second year of Yongyuan List，There will be any changes to、province and、New counties are listed behind the states;，Eliminate the county and county。From this forming the appearance of "Nanqi Book · State County"。So，"Song Book · State County Chronicle", "Nanqi Shu ·zhou County Chronicle" is not even "second -hand information"。

　　Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Geographical Literature System 

"Continued Han Book · County State", "Song Shu ·zhou County Chronicle", "Nanqishu ·zhou County Chronicle", "Wei Shu · Terrain", the household registration file、National Shizhou County Zhi，Although the form is different，But they all originate from the county's annual book that the county that has existed since the Warring States Period。But the geographical information reported to the central government through the planning system through the county country is not limited to the annual planning book，Hanwei Six Dynasties County will also report to the central government from time to time、The county region of the text coexistence。Map composed by the central government (such as "Map of Han public"、"Map of Jinyu" written by Pei Xiu in the early Jin Dynasty)、Global Earthwriting (such as "Taikang Digest", "Yuan Kang Di Zhi", etc.) are all written on the basis of the county and landlords。Even the "Thirteen State Chronicle" written by the Sixteen Kingdoms North Liangyu，It is also the secretary of his borrowing office.。

Compared with the county's landlord of the upper plan system，Since the Eastern Han Dynasty，Local officials at all levels at all levels of the jurisdiction of the party，Leading a large number of states and counties。This kind of geographical book that is widely used by non -central leadership and is widely contained in the customs and geography，Shen Yue called it "Geographical Miscellaneous Book"，"Sui Bet365 app download Shu · Jing Ji Zhi" historical category, which is mainly based on the geographical literature as the main。Due to the presence of the state and county, the local chief chief leader was written by local chiefs，Local scholars participate in the same thing as blessings，So，The Six Dynasties of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties、Water Ji、Foreign body、Du Yiji、Palace Book、Tomb Tomb、Exotic Ji and other places to interact with the state and county.。Liu Zhiji "Shi Tong" is when the difference between the history and the place of history，Discover the former "Jian Ya Zheng，Non -part Party "，The latter "Settle and the United States", "annoying and abuse，Bo and Unlimited "。This is also an important difference in the text of the land and the place of the earth。

The famous masterpiece "Water Sutra" that has been circulating to this day is privately written，But it cannot be separated from the earth、Remember two sources。"Water Jing Note" narrate Zhongyuan waterway flow diameter、The location of the city site is generally from the county and the country，Anecdotes anecdotes、Mountains and rivers scenery are more places; the southern rivers flow path、Anecdotes of Yiwen is from the Book of Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties。Han and Wei Six Dynasties Geographical Meridist、Bookmark Architecture，It is undoubtedly the official geography that reflects the will of the central and local chiefs，The institutional compulsory measures behind it and the actual needs of official governance。

　　Writing and evolution of geographical literature 

The geographical literature of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties generally reflects the will of the central and local officers，Therefore, national governance at that time、System settings will be manifested in geographical literature。

Overseas Prefecture County is a special political district form that appeared after Yongjianan.，The relationship between the Overseas Prefecture County and the corresponding old and the old in the bet365 Play online games Han Dynasty is an interpretation of the consciousness of the political district of the Six Dynasties。"Song Book · Prefecture County Chronicle" often bets "Don't see"，It means that the Han and Jin dynasties in the political district are separated from other places。So，"Song Book · Prefecture County Chronicle" Syrian Qiaozhou County and County Revolution，The general dates back to the Han and Jin Democratic Revolution of the corresponding political district，That is, the old political district and the overseas Chinese political district have the same relationship at the time of people。The root cause of the concept of the old overseas Chinese is that the state in the Han and Jin dynasties not only has administrative functions，At the same time, it has the same use of "Yugong" and "Director"、Hanwu Thirteen State name to maintain the symbolic meaning of the orthodox dynasty。From this extended，Old names in the Overseas Political Area，It is meaning to inherit ancient in the dynasty、Han and Jin Tongxu，Therefore, the state has always maintained a small number。This is what Xiao Zixian said, "The county is built，Because of the Ministry of State。Li 13，No more than nine "。迤 to the middle of Xiao Liang，State's orthodox symbolic meaning is abandoned，From this state, the number of state increase greatly，New names are endless。This is the consciousness of the Political District of the Six Dynasties from the Calligraphy Inspection of Geographical Literature，A great example of evolution of the political district system。

Local taxes are important matters for counties for counties。This book of the book，An household、Portal data is the tax collection of the country、Ding taxation foundation。Liu Song's "Barbarians Passionate，One household loses a valley，The rest without any miscellaneous tone "，So，"Song Book · State County Chronicle" bet365 best casino games often appears as barbaric、Bas、獠、State in 氐 氐、Phenomenon of county households without loading。Another example，The population of overseas Chinese is before the soil breaks，Although it is not taxed and not service，But the government's predecessor and county county county and county before the government，Examples based on the household as the calculation unit，Therefore, "Song Book · Prefecture County Chronicle", the unrealistic overseas Chinese prefecture -county county，Also often loads the number of households without the number of ports。From this we can see that the households in "Song Shu ·zhou County"、Port data and Liu Song household registration、The taxation system has a direct relationship。

The Two Blood and Ground Ji Systems that have been parallel since the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually gathered in the Northern and Southern Dynasties，Forming Figure Book。The northern dynasty took the lead in the global diagram written by the central government- "Later Weima Map of the Map of the Emperor", "Map of the Map"，Finally evolved in the Sui Dynasty to the local government to report to the central government，The direct reason is of the Sui Wasan plan，On behalf of the DPRK、Account、Figure Three System。But consider from the political level，Originally led by local chiefs，Local scholars participating in repair，Anecdotes for a wide range of local Yiwen、Mountains and Scenery、Customs and Turkish Prefecture's Prefecture's Prefecture State in the Central Government，Geographical information for governance。This situation has an increasingly close relationship with the central government's administrative control in the late Northern Dynasties。Southern Dynasties，The Northern Dynasties took the lead in breakthroughs in the mode of cultivation mode of the Middle Ages，It is the reflection of bet365 live casino games its strong posture in local governance。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties' Geographical Literature Certificate and Research"、Associate Professor of the School of Social Development of Yangzhou University; Lecturer of Marxist College of Henan University of Technology)