Pragmatic Ability (Pragmatic Ability) is a ability to cleverly convey implicit intentions and correctly understand the implicit meaning expressed by others，It is important in daily exchanges。Sometimes，People to achieve the purpose of specific words，If expressing politeness or maintaining the obedient's face，I will not directly express my thoughts，Instead, he is concerned about him，Drives the meaning of knock on the side。For example，When rejected the enthusiastic invitation of others，People usually do not refuse directly，and more choose more polite、A polite way indirectly refuses the invitation。For normal communication，The rejected party needs to understand the meaning of the words outside of the rejected discourse。This kind of dialogue、The process of understanding outsourcing is the process of understanding。Correct processing not only needs to understand the literal meaning of the speaker's expression，It is also necessary to understand the implicit meaning of the speaker's expression。When understanding the implicit meaning of discourse，The listener needs to connect the context of the dialogue with world knowledge，Use a variety of information and clues to speculate the intention of speakers。This kind of verbal processing is inseparable from the support of work memory。

Work memory is a memory system for temporary storage and processing of information，Play an important role in various complex cognitive processing of human beings。Bet365 app download Work memory capacity is an attractive cognitive factors in the field of language understanding。Work memory capacity is a limited resource，Can be used for information storage and processing。The total activation of the information is limited，And different individuals can maintain differences with operating information in work memory。The measurement of the memory capacity of the work begins with the reading breadth test。Control Note Model Considation，Work Memory Memory Capacity for Memoral Mission Mission，It is mainly related to short -term memory capacity and ability to control attention。This model believes，Control noticing is not subject to field restrictions、Control processing mechanism with limited capacity。When facing interference or distraction,，Controlling attention enables readers to suppress unrelated information，Keep paying attention to the information related to the current task。Randall Engle thinks，Work memory capacity reflects the ability of individual control attention，This is work memory capacity and advanced cognitive ability (such as language understanding、Inference, etc.) The root cause of correlations。

Limited work memory capacity，Pay attention to the effectiveness of resource allocation plays an important role for the understanding of the text。Study discovered，Work memory capacity will affect the generation of reasoning。Individuals of high work memory capacity will use background knowledge，Generate more bridge reasoning to establish a more detailed representation。There are also studies discovery，Readers with high work memory capacity can conduct expected reasoning，But readers with low work Bet365 app download memory capacity cannot。Research in the past，Work memory capacity will also affect the processing of the meaning of the presence。Readers with high work memory capacity are better than readers with low work memory capacity.、Understand metaphor，higher rate of accuracy when identifying metaphors、Fast speed。High -working memory capacity will perform real -time re -processing of irony，Maintain a variety of possible explanations (such as literal、Ironics) better performance。They can recognize the irony of irony faster，And can allocate more additional resources to process the irony meaning。

Menahem Yeari proposed in 2017 to understand the three assumptions that have an impact on the understanding of the text of the work memory。First, the storage orientation assumptions，The difference in the capacity of work memory is reflected in the amount of information storage。High -working memory capacity can maintain more language information in work memory，Create more connections，So as to generate more bridge reasoning，Better understanding the language。Second, processing orientation assumptions，The difference in the capacity of work memory is reflected in the activation (re -activation) of information。High -working memory capacity has more cognitive resources，can better activate the information in the language and keep it in work memory，Establish a richer connection with the re -activated information with the current information，So as to generate more bridge reasoning。High -working memory capacity can also activate additional information，Perform refined processing reasoning (such as expected reasoning)。other，High -working memory Bet365 lotto review capacity can more efficiently activate relevant information in the context or world knowledge to process the current information。Third is to control the guidance assumptions，The difference in the capacity of work memory is reflected in the suppression of unrelated information。High -working memory capacity can more effectively suppress information that has nothing to do with current processing，Use more resources for processing current information。These three assumptions illustrate the processing advantages of individuals of high work memory capacity from three aspects: more work memory for processing，Higher efficiency of using work memory resources，The ability to control work memory resources is stronger。

The understanding of indirect discourse not only understands the literal meaning of discourse，Also understand its implicit meaning。This is a process that requires the participation of inference，and the work memory capacity of the individual is an important factor affecting its processing。Our recent research uses ERP technology，Compared with high、The processing process of individuals with low work memory capacity when understanding indirect discourse。The experimental materials use a and B to answer a dialogue，Answer for the key sentence B，By changing the question of A，Make the key sentences under direct and indirect response conditions，Records of the Electrical Electrical Electrical response of key sentences。As a result, I found，Individual for high -working memory capacity，Indirect response compared to direct response to induce larger P200、P3B and the later part of the cloth LPC。For those with low work memory capacity，Indirect response compared to the direct response that only induced the larger post -wave LPC。bet365 live casino games P200 and P3b effects indicate，High -working memory capacity is in the early stage of understanding，Can allocate attention resources，and the meaning of the information outside the company instant update and integration。LPC effect indicates，High work memory capacity has more sufficient cognitive resources，After understanding the implicit meaning of indirect response，I still pay more efforts to build a more fine scene model。and low -working memory capacity only appears LPC effect，It may be because of low -working memory capacity. Cognitive resources are limited、Weakened ability to control resources，In the early stages, it cannot exclude literal interference，Until the late stage did you reach the understanding of indirect response。This study uses ERP technology for the first time to clarify the effect of work memory capacity on the time and process of understanding indirect words。

Work memory Except for limited capacity.，Flexibility。The flexibility of work memory makes us even without previous experience，You can also maintain information in work memory，and reorganize the project in work memory in a unique way。Timothy J. Buschman believes，The flexibility of work memory originated from the interaction of the integrated representation of the sensitivity of sensory cortex and the combined cortex (Integratively) interaction。But，Flexibility is a price。Integration representation of combined cortex will cause interference between different memory projects (interference)，to limit the capacity of work memory。In the field of psychological linguistics，Previous research on the impact of the understanding of work memory capacity on the understanding of bet365 Play online games the language，and easy to ignore the characteristics of flexibility。Future research can further explore the relationship between the flexibility of work memory and the understanding of indirect words。

In the field of cognitive psychology，The role of music training has attracted much attention for work memory。Already studied finding，Music training and improvement of work memory are related，Music training can predict individual differences in work memory。There is also a significant positive correlation between the breadth of work memory and formal music training period。Chen Jiejia and others recent research indicates，Children who have trained music training in suppress control and work memory are better than children who have not received music training，and the two groups of children do not have differences in cognitive flexibility。other，Musician who started music training before the age of 7，Attentive suppression、Reacting suppression and work memory are better than the age -matching control group，Musicians who have conducted music training after the age of 7 are only better than the control group in terms of attention suppression。Visible，Music training will have different effects on the child component of work memory。Current，No research directly examines the impact of music training on indirect words。On the basis of clarifying the mechanism of the understanding of the understanding of the work memory，In the future, you can further explore whether music training will have an impact on indirect words and its possible cognitive mechanisms。

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(Author Unit: School of Psychology, Beijing University of Languages)