It is well known，local traditional culture and art is an important resource for the construction of the new independent national culture identity in Africa after World War II。The traditional carving art of Africa also profoundly affects Western modern art。African verbal tradition represented by the epic tradition of West Africa "The epic tradition of West Africa"，to a large extent enriched the human knowledge spectrum。In 2003, the UNESCO through the Convention on Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention")，These traditional cultural expression forms after a certain confirmation and definition program，List of intangible cultural heritage of related countries (hereinafter referred to as "non -heritage") list，Become a higher -visible non -heritage project。In African countries，Traditional culture and art are mainly granted through the mouth of the mouth，Realize intergenerational heritage by family inheritance and teacher -apprentices。but，With the increase of immigration and the evolution of urbanization，Elders who are increasingly separated from the elders of traditional knowledge and skills holders，Inheritance of non -heritage knowledge and skills has been greatly affected。Under the framework of the Convention，How to inherit non -heritage projects in African countries，Become an urgent problem。

"Convention" pointed out，The inheritance of non -heritage is mainly implemented through regular and informal education。Specifically，Formal education bet365 Play online games mainly refers to the non -genetic inheritance activities implemented in national education schools such as colleges and middle schools，instead of formal education mainly refers to in the community center、Association and vocational training institutions and other non -national education institutions and places conducted non -genetic inheritance activities，At the same time, including traditional family inheritance and master and apprentice inheritance。The non -genetic inheritance of the above two forms above exists at the same time in African countries，and present different features。

　　Bet365 lotto review

In some African countries，Non -heritage is included in basic education and higher education，The teaching content of even preschool education。In the basic education stage，The fifth grade of Algeria Primary School includes oral poetry and story，Middle school education includes the explanation of folk stories and legends。"Ahellil" oral tradition in the Gulala region of Algeria is included in the UNESCO Human and Material Cultural Heritage List，Middle schools in some "Ahri" areas have opened this oral tradition.。In Kotda，Professor Cortda's national language and local customs and song and dance，and Balafon Muqin production skills。The 9 -year period from the Seycher kindergarten to the primary school uses Cleiol as a teaching term，It is intended to inherit Clehllo，The school also incorporates non -heritage of oral traditions such as riddles and songs and traditional architectural methods.，Traditional knowledge related to non -heritage is included in the social science course of students 10-11 years old，History and geographical classes of middle school will also involve non -heritage content。Teachers also encourage students to bet365 live casino games explore and practice non -heritage projects through some traditional sports activities in physical education class。

Non -Heritage Education and Teaching in Botswana Basic Education has a relatively complete planning，Not only some non -genetic inheritors are invited by the school as an instructor to teach traditional knowledge，Non -heritage is also included in various subjects of schools in various grades，such as history、Music、Visual Art、Geography、Performance Art、Environmental science and religious education。Botswana Basic Education Department established a special discipline group，Responsible for writing learning materials and use guidelines，Used for non -heritage teaching in school，other，It also developed primary schools and middle school courses in creative and performing arts，so that students can understand the non -heritage project。

In Nigeria，In the nine years after childhood enrollment, you must learn the traditional Nigerian culture and art，Including dance、Handicraft、Music、Folklore、Cooking and sewing, etc.，Teaching language is local language。The school also hosts various types of non -heritage -related competitions，Primary and secondary school students must be from the three major ethnic language of Nigeria (about Luba、Ibo and Haosa) Choose a study。In Burkina Faso，Middle school teachers need to receive training，Learning the skills of incorporating non -heritage into the course。

It is worth mentioning is，Some African countries also use the existing traditional cultural space for regular education to do extra -curricular practice teaching。For example，Kenya Music Festival is held once a year，The content includes traditional dance and songs，and traditional verbal debate and verbal poetry。

　　A non -inheritance in non -formal education

bet365 Play online games African -country inheritance activities performed outside African countries also have many forms。In some countries，Government、Public institutions and enterprises and other non -heritage holders other than the community have not substantially participated in non -genetic inheritance，The inheritance of non -heritage basically continues traditional methods such as family inheritance or inheritance of teachers and apprentices。Rulibania mainly learns traditional knowledge and skills from the elders by children during the festival activities，Girls learn handmade skills and traditional knowledge from her mother。In Namibia，Some community members pass on non -heritage skills to young people through regular informal training，such as pottery production and basket preparation。But in Mali，Because apprentices often need to do housework or farm work for Master，The young people of the present no longer have the patience as the past as the past，Master and apprentice inheritance is gradually dying。

Some off -campus training centers have also played a certain role in non -genetic inheritance。The Cultural Heritage Department of the Ministry of Culture of the Bogner Faso Heritage held in the training center and the community.，At the same time, I teach traditional mural drawing skills to school -age girls。In Morocco，The progress of non -heritage entering the national education course is not much progress，But some training centers and even mosques have carried out arts and crafts training。Tunisia's Vocational Training Center provides young people with a lot of training opportunities，Including jewelry processing、Traditional crafts such as embroidery and carpentry。

What needs to be pointed out is，Non -herediters of some African countries bet365 best casino games do not recognize the inheritance education form of "non -legacy campus"，I believe that this method has changed the inheritance space of non -genetic traditions，Possession of traditional community organizations and inheritance methods pose a threat。The non -genetic inheritors of Botswana also think，Informal non -genetic inheritance communication methods are more meaningful for the development of young people，Such as traditional competition、Market and festival activities。Some community self -run schools in Corteda taught traditional percussion to children、Guanle and dance knowledge and skills。Some non -heritage holdings and inheritors of Mauritius also built their own training center，Provide training to youth and women，Make traditional instrumental music with national language Cleore、Painting、Hand drum production、Teaching in folk stories and folk customs。

　Non -inheritance characteristics of African countries

According to the existing information，African countries attach great importance to African inheritance，Botswana、Kotida、Memoris and Nigeria and other countries attach high attention。Educational policies in countries such as Seychelles attach importance to national language teaching and their instrumental role in non -genetic inheritance。Non -heritage of other African countries has not yet entered a regular school course，or in the starting stage。

Generally speaking，A formal form of formal forms in the National Education School in Africa，There are also informal forms that rely on communities or training centers。Formal form of non -genetic inheritance，Including oral tradition、Traditional handicraft、Traditional music、Dance、Traditional cooking skills and national language，At the same time, non -heritage is also integrated bet365 live casino games into the history of the school、Music and Geographic teaching subjects。Teachers aspects，Some schools hire non -genetic inheritors and practitioners as teaching assistants，They write materials and guidelines for non -heritage teaching in school，Guide the teachers of our school to integrate non -heritage into the existing teaching subject。Higher universities in some countries also conduct non -heritage theory and practical training on cultural workers。

Non -inheritance of informal forms，Traditional master and apprentice inheritance or family inheritance is dying in some African countries，A small part of African countries is better.。This non -genetic inheritance method retains traditional cultural space such as markets and festivals，Advantages of non -genetic inheritance with formal forms，And some communities self -run inheritance in the inheritance of non -heritage are the manifestation of the inheritors or inheritance group autonomy and energy。

African countries are exploring community -led、A certain inheritance in the inheritance of non -formal forms accumulated a certain experience。UNESCO also pointed out: "In terms of supporting non -genetic inheritance and helping the general public understand the importance of these heritage to the community，The community center and association created and managed by the community can play a vital role。"The above practical experience of African countries holding the above practical experience in the community reflects the spirit of" community -centered "advocated by the UNESCO，Sustainable sustainability that is conducive to maintaining non -genetic inheritance，worthy of the attention of the academic community。

(This article is the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund Project "The Study bet365 live casino games of the Foreign 'Non -Heritage' Listing" (19yjczh117) in the perspective of the "community participation 'perspective" (19yjczh117)

(Author Unit: College of Foreign Languages ​​of Yangzhou University)