French scholar Fierro proposed a stage division of the development of French travel guides in the mid-19th century，He roughly divided the bet365 sign up bonus code into three periods based on the trends in tourist activities in France in different periods: At the beginning，Most of the tourists visiting French tourist attractions are British tourists，This resulted in a large amount of travel literature；After，French publishers discover potential market role of travel guides，set off a publishing trend；Later period，Due to the rapid development of the railway network，The increasingly convenient transportation reduces travel costs，The middle class became the main practitioners of tourism activities at that time、Main readers of the guide，Traveling with limited time and money has increasingly become an important role played by travel guides。

　　The embryonic stage of bet365 sign up bonus code guides

Throughout the evolution history of French books，The 19th century was a glorious era for publishing。Displayed based on the number of titles listed in the "French Book Publishing Catalog"，Early 19th century，The number of books published in France does not exceed 1,000 per year，By the middle bet365 sign up bonus code 19th century，The number of books published annually rises to about 7,000，The number of books published annually increased to more than 13,000 at the end bet365 sign up bonus code 19th century。Although it is impossible to know the actual number of publications per year，But we can still see the prosperity bet365 sign up bonus code book market from this development trend。

The French bet365 sign up bonus code first appeared in 1806，Parisian publisher Langlois has released a set of "Traveler's Guide to Europe"。Tracing back to the source，In fact, it is adapted from the German bet365 sign up bonus code "The Traveler's Handbook of Europe" written by the German Hendrich in 1784，The book uses short pages to publish practical information on his journey around Europe and the industries and characteristics of villages and towns。The appearance of this bet365 sign up bonus code，Has a profound influence on writers in Britain and France，Considered to be one of the prototypes of the modern bet365 sign up bonus code。

　After the "Traveler's Handbook" was translated into French in 1793，A simplified version of which appeared in 1803。In 1806, publisher Langlois added systematic thinking to the original text，Reorganize the French version of the 1793 guide into countries or geographically adjacent areas、After modification，Launching the revised "Tourist's Guide to Europe" in two to four volumes。After that until around 1830，There are still many people publishing works with similar content following Hendrich's method，For example, Samuel from the UK and Palin from France、Didier and others got a lot of inspiration from it，They took the title of the route connecting European countries，Extended and published dozens of books in the series，The content focuses on the culture, art and customs of various places，Became the “first generation bet365 sign up bonus code” of France in the 19th century。

Same period，French writer Odin writes under the pen name J. B. Richard writing，He also works as a book publisher and seller to distribute his own works，He wrote 22 travel guides between 1824 and 1836。Look carefully at the bet365 sign up bonus code written by Richard to find out，He inherited the format of Hendrich's bet365 sign up bonus code in the arrangement part，After briefly describing the practical local travel information，Quickly enter the town profile of a route or an area、Provide instructions on the route to and from the two places；In terms of introduction to attractions，What Richard did was just roughly list the various buildings in the book by name，Unable to obtain more in-depth information。And，He also often uses subjective adjectives to describe the scenery he sees，His writing always stays in a more primitive way，Many scholars also regard his bet365 sign up bonus code as a transition between the first generation of travel guides and the second generation of travel guides。

　The development period of the bet365 sign up bonus code industry

Mid-19th century，The tourism market has brought a new atmosphere due to new means of transportation-steam ships and trains，This impact has also been reflected in the bet365 sign up bonus code market。Between 1852 and 1855，The famous French Hachette publishing house obtains a sales license from the Northern Railway Company，Set up book selling points at major stations and along railway lines，Exclusive railway sales network。Louis Hachette, the head of Hachette Publishing House, also founded a series of "Railway Library"，Republished the original heavy literary book，Improved into a lightweight specification that can be carried on the train and read。The "Railway Library" contains novels and railway travel guides compiled by writers under the publishing house，The railway has thus become the most convenient channel for Hachette Publishing House to sell its own agent works。Travel writer Joanne began to be responsible for the compilation of guides in "Railway Library" in 1851，In this series，A route guide consisting of railways centered in Paris: Paris to Bordeaux、Paris to Nantes etc.；The other is based on big cities、Works themed on popular bathing beaches and hot spring resorts or countries and regions at that time。After the decline of "Railway Library" in 1857，Joanne Guide Series was officially established。When Joanne flourished in her career of compiling guides，France, which started slowly in building railways, is also making continuous efforts，Laid an umbrella railway network with Paris as the axis to all parts of France，Therefore more and more travelers need details about rail transportation。Joanne sees the right moment，In addition to integrating travel information on major French railway lines in the guide，Also briefly describe the scenery and characteristics of the towns and stations along the route，A series of "France General Road Guides" focusing on France's domestic regions have been formed。

In addition to developing railway sales channels，Publishers are also increasingly aware of the topics and business opportunities brought by advertising，They used the popular posters and advertising columns in newspapers at the time，Take the trouble to change the size of the promotional font、Font、Layout design, etc.，Continuously attracting the attention of the public。Since 1866，Joanne Guide has launched a sub-series "Diamond Guide"，The scope covered is mainly a single city or neighboring countries。Compared to other guides，The content of "Diamond Guide" has been simplified、Size improved to pocket book，Suitable for those who are in a hurry、Those who don’t want to spend too much time delving into the bet365 sign up bonus code routes。Joanne’s guide follows the encyclopedia in organizing information into categories，All information on food, clothing, housing and transportation involved in the journey is included。Therefore，Even when traveling，This guide can also continuously provide readers with a lot of historical and geographical knowledge，Give its tour depth and cultural significance。

In addition，The French bet365 sign up bonus code market at that time，There are also other local competitors，How to sell train tabloids、Xie’s Guide launched by Napoleon Xie from 1848 to 1864, who started out with administrative forms and timetables；To plan the schedule、Famous for budgeting tips, Conti Guide and more，They all have their own readers。

　Each bet365 sign up bonus code has its own characteristics

Under fierce competition，France’s series of bet365 sign up bonus code guides are bound to develop different features in order to gain favor from readers。The critic Edmonton at the time believed that the Joanne series belonged to the "learned man" and "literary" guide，Educational significance，Is a good mentor and helpful friend on the journey，But the Conti series plays the role of "butler"，Take care of all the details of food, clothing, housing and transportation for travelers。This shows the difference between a practical guide and an knowledgeable guide。

As for another type of bet365 sign up bonus code provided to customers by hotels and commercial organizations，They will be simplified and rearranged from the practical information chapters in the bet365 sign up bonus code issued by the publisher: Overview of various attractions、Attraction opening timetable、Administrative agency address、Public carriage fare schedule、Theater address and opening hours、Telegram and postal information, etc.，This type of bet365 sign up bonus code with streamlined information is relatively suitable for those who have visited Paris，Tourists who know all the directions in the city。

In addition，It is worth noting the growing trend of product advertising and shopping information in guides。The General Guide to Paris 1855, launched in 1855, informs travelers who “want to buy things at good prices”，will take them to the "merchant showcase representing the highest quality products in Paris"，In those bet365 sign up bonus code guides provided by hotels or commercial organizations，Product advertisements often occupy more than 50% of the space。Guide provider claims，All the merchants listed here are trustworthy and selected merchants，The purpose of these comprehensive images and text is to attract potential customers、Create profits。In addition to delving into academic knowledge、In-depth experience of culture, etc.，The rise of consumerism has driven the form of tourism that mainly pursues entertainment，In order to adapt to this trend，The boundaries between bet365 sign up bonus code guides and shopping guides are gradually blurring。

By sorting out the differences in writing styles and reading methods between travel notes and guidebooks，This is how we learned that travel guides break away from the traditional way of writing，The narrative subject shifts from the author’s autobiography to focusing on the reader，Replaced subjective judgment with a realistic and accurate writing style，And derive visual typesetting and jumping reading method，Make it easier for readers to understand the information。Following the observation of the contents of the bet365 sign up bonus code，It not only develops two different types of "knowledgeable" and "practical" in response to the reading customer group，The proportion of merchant advertisements in the information structure is also increasing，Shows tourists visiting cultural attractions，There is also a trend of tourism that focuses on entertainment and entertainment。

(bet365 sign up bonus code unit: School of Journalism and Communication, Hebei University；School of Management, Wuhan University of Light Industry)