French scholar Fayro proposed a phased division of the development of French tourism guide in the middle of the 19th century，He is roughly divided into three periods according to the tourism activity trend of France in different periods: initial，Most of the visitors visiting French tourist attractions are mainly British tourists，Therefore, a large number of travel literature has been produced; then，French publishers discovered the potential market role of tourism guide，A wave of publishing; later，Due to the rapid development of the railway network，Transportation is increasingly convenient to reduce travel costs，The middle class became the main practitioner of the tourist activity at that time、The main reading customer group of the guide，Traveling on a limited time and money becomes an important role in the tourism guide。

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Looking at the evolutionary history of French books，The 19th century was the glorious era of publishing。According to the number of books listed in the "French Book Publishing Catalog"，early 19th century，The number of books published in France does not exceed 1,000 kinds，By the mid -19th century，The number of books published every year rose to about 7000 kinds，The number of books published in the end of the 19th century has increased to more than 13,000 species。Although it is unable to know the actual publishing number every year，But you can still see the prosperity of the book market from this development trend。

French travel guide first Bet365 app download appeared in 1806，Paris publisher Lang Georwa released a set of "Traveler Traveling European Guide"。Pursuing the source，In fact, it is adapted from the German tourism guide "Traveler Travel European Manual" written by the German Hendrich in 1784，The book uses a short length to publish its practical information on the journey to Europe and the industry and characteristics of the village and towns。The emergence of this travel guide，It has brought profound influence to the writers of Britain and France，It is considered to be one of the prototypes of modern tourism guide。

1793 "Traveler Traveling European Manual" was translated as French，Its brief version came out in 1803。In 1806, the publisher Lang Geruwa added systematic thinking to the original text，The French version of the 1793 French version is reorganized in accordance with the country or geographical adjacent area、After modification，launched the revised "Traveler Travel Europe Guide" with two to four volumes。Since then until around 1830，Many people still publish similar works in the way of Hendrich，For example, Samuel in the UK and Palin in France、Di Dier, etc., all got a lot of inspiration，The title of the routes that they connected in European countries，Extension and publishing dozens of volumes of books，Content pays attention to the cultural arts and people's customs in various places，Become the "First Generation Travel Guide" of France in the 19th century。

The same period，French writer Odin J. B. Richard Writing，He is also a book publisher and a seller to publish his own work，Between 1824 and 1836, he wrote 22 travel guidelines。Carefully observe that the travel guide written by Richard can be discovered，bet365 Play online games He is inheriting the form of the Hengri -Hee Tourism Guide，Briefly describe the practical information of local travel，I will soon enter a route or a town in a region、I will soon enter a route or a town in a region，Richard made just roughly list various buildings in the book according to the name，Can't make people get more in -depth information。and，He also often uses subjective adjective vocabulary to describe what you see，Its writing always stays in a more primitive way，Many scholars also treat his travel guide as a transitioner between the first generation of tourism guidelines and the second -generation travel guide。

　The development period of the tourism guide industry

In the middle of the 19th century，The tourism market brings new weather because of the new transportation -steam ship and train，This impact also has feedback in the tourism guide market。between 1852 and 1855，Famous Aceter Publishing House from the North Railway Company obtained the trafficking franchise，Establish a base for selling books on the major stations and railways，exclusive railway sales network。The person in charge of Acet Publishing House Louis Acet also founded a series of "Railway Library"，Re -publish the original heavy literary books，Improved into a lightweight specification that can be carried on the train with you。"Railway Library" contains the novel and the railway tourism guide compiled by the writer of the publisher，The railway has become the most convenient channel for Acet Publishing House to sell its own acting works。Tourist writer Qiao Anne began to be responsible for the compilation of the guide in the "Railway Library" in 1851，In this series，A route guide composed of railway centered on Paris: Paris to Bordeaux、bet365 live casino games Paris to Nanda, etc.; The other is a big city、At that time, the hot seawater bath and the hot spring resort or the country and the country's works。1857 "Railway Library" style post -micro，Qiao Annen Guide Series is officially established。When Qiao An's internal compilation guidelines are in the career of the cause,，France, which starts slowly in the construction of railways, is also constantly working，Placing Paris as an umbrella -shaped railway network leading to all parts of France，Therefore, more and more passengers need details about railway traffic。Qiao Annen looked at the opportunity，In addition to the information of the major railway routes in France in the guide，Also described the scenery and characteristics of urban sites along the line，Forms a series of "French General Road Guide", which is dominated by French domestic regions。

In addition to developing railway sales channels，publishers have also increasingly learned about the topics and business opportunities brought by advertisements，They used the popular posters and advertising columns in the newspaper at the time，Flower mind changes the size of the propaganda font、Font、layout design, etc.，Constantly attracting the attention of the public。From 1866，Qiao An inner Guide launched the sub -series "Diamond Guide"，The range covered by a single city or neighboring country is the main。Compared with other guidelines，The content of the "Diamond Guide" is simplified、Size is improved into pocket treasures，Suitable for those coming and going in a hurry、I don’t want to spend too much time to study the tourist route。Qiao An inner Guide imitates the Encyclopedia of the Encyclopedia to sort out bet365 live casino games the information in the door，All clothing, food, housing and transportation information involved in the journey includes it。Therefore，Even if you travel out，This guide can also continuously give readers a lot of historical and geographical knowledge，Give it to the depth and cultural significance of the tour。

In addition，French travel guide market at that time，There are other local competitors who exist，If you sell train tabloids、Napoleon Xie, who started the administrative table and the timetable, was launched between 1848-1864;、Confucius Guide, which provides budget tips and is famous for saving budget，They all have their own readers。

　Tourism Guide has its own characteristics

Under the fierce competition，French series of travel guidelines for the favors of readers will inevitably develop different characteristics。At that time, the critic Edmonton believed that the Joanne series belonged to the "full school" and the "literati" guide，Educational significance，Is a good teacher and friend during the journey，But the Kongte series plays the role of "steward"，Put some details for travelers。This show。

As for another type of travel guide provided by hotels and commercial institutions to customers，The practical information chapter in the tourism guide issued by the publishing house will be simplified and re -arranged: Overview of various types of attractions、Open Timetable、Administrative Organ Address、Public carriage cost form、Theater address and open time、Telegraph and postal information, etc.，Tourism guidelines for streamlined information are relatively suitable for visiting Paris，Tourists who understand all places in the city。

other，It is worth noting that in the guide, the bet365 Play online games growing trend of commodity advertisement and shopping information。The "1855 Paris Overview Guide" launched in 1855 informs the passengers who "want to buy things at a good price"，It will take them to "The window of merchants representing the highest quality goods in Paris"，and those travel guidelines provided by hotels or commercial institutions，Commodity advertisements often occupy more than 50%of the space。Guide provider claims，Published here is a trusted selected merchant，The purpose of these unprecedented images and words is to attract potential customers、Create profit。In addition to studying academic knowledge、In -depth experience culture, etc.，Consumerism has risen to drive the form of tourism in pursuit of recreation and entertainment，To adapt to this trend，The boundary between the travel guide and the shopping guide is gradually blurred。

Different things that are different from the writing form and the reading method by combing the travel notes and the guide，From this learned that the tourist guide is away from the traditional writing method，The main body of the narrative shifts from the author's autobiography to the reader as the focus，Replacement from a near -reality and accurate text style is subject to subjective judgment，and derived visual typesetting and jump reading method，Make readers easy to understand information。I also found it from the observation of the content of the tourism guide，It not only develops two different types: "blogging" and "practical" in response to the client group，The proportion of merchant advertising in the information structure is also increasing，Show the tour of the tourists to visit the cultural bet365 Play online games attractions，Travel forms based on recreational entertainment also have a trend of gradually germination。

(Author Unit: School of Journalism and Communication of Hebei University; School of Management of Wuhan Light Industry University)