Sancai Category: Favorite and Evolution of Ancient Maps

Sancai Category，image classification system of ancient cognitive objective world，Sky、Di、Three people。Each part of the door category，The corresponding things in each class。

Sancai Caochuang，Different classification。"Tongzhi · Tu Lue" has two classification systems。One is God、Di、People Three Cai，According to images, the real learning value of "Books Without Pictures" is based on images，Divided into astronomy、Geography、Palace、Duyi、Car flag、clothes、Altar Zhao、Duyi、City Building、Tianli、Accounting、Legal system、Banjue、Ancient and modern、Famous objects、Books and other 16 categories。Astronomical belongs to the heavenly department，Geography and Famous Lands Department，Yu belongs to the human department。Each type of various types without detailed classification，No image，This is the theoretical classification。Second, "Nothing", "Remember"。"Remember" is a scattered image，Divided into astronomy、Geography、Yi、Li、Le、Spring and Autumn and other 20 categories，The map belongs to the geographical category;，No clear classification，The same belongs to Sancai。Ancient maps include astronomy、zone、Duyi、Arrangement、Famous victory。Although the theoretical classification of "Tongzhi · Tu Trees"、The actual classification is not uniform，But it provides a framework for future image classification。

Classification Unified，Sorting is square。Image of the classification of Wu Sancai in the Yuan Dynasty，until 1609，Ming Dynasty Wang、Wang Siyi'Bet365 app download s father and son based on the practical value of images and Six Classics，Editing "Three Talent Maps", which enjoys the reputation of encyclopedia，Following three talents，Divided into astronomy、Geography、Character、Duyi、seasonal、Palace、Duyi、Body、clothes、Personnel、Instrumentation、Treasure、Literary History、Bird Beast、15 categories of grass and trees。This framework unified the two classification systems of "Tongzhi · Tu Trees"，3601_3612、Rites and other scriptures belong to literature and historical categories，The remaining divisions belong to various types of astronomy。Except the increase of characters、Outside the body，The rest can be corresponding to the theoretical Sancai classification of "Tongzhi · Tujia"。Ancient maps are also unified to geography，First of the "Full Map of Shan Haiyu", "Huayi First Picture"、Zone of the Thirteenth Gongzhi and Thirteen provinces of the Ming Dynasty，Border、River、Jiang、、Sea Figure，Time Win、Guanyu、Figures of the temple，Time Figure，Finally for history、Tianli、Feng Shui and other pictures。This first world、Post China、Around the surrounding，From now on the sorting method of this and ancient times, it is real -time。

At the beginning of the map，National needs。The Map House of the Internal Affairs Office of the Qing Dynasty hidden "The Total Fold of the Map of the World"，It is a copy of the map of the Minister in 1685-1735 in the order of time order、Summary。At this time, the district -based map，The general name of the later diagram。1761，The Map Room "Luo Tu Gather" follows the three talents framework，The map of the part is astronomy、Public Land、Jianghai、River Channel、martial arts、Fortunately、Famous Victory、Rui Ying、Effective tribute、Salt、Temple、Mountain Tombs、Feng Shui and other 13 categories。This framework is basically born in the geographical class of "Three Talents"。Except Rui Ying, which will represent the national level、Effective tribute、Temple、Mountain Tombs、Feng Shui、Salt business alone，It is also designed to include the full picture of "Kunyu"、The Administrative Division of the Qing Dynasty，and the Guanzhang of the Administrative District Plan、Arrangement、Temples and other kinds of classes。This is the martial arts that highlights the martial arts of the emperor of the Qing Dynasty、Fortunately，Bet365 app download and the national sacrifice temple -class diagram Category Category Classification Repeat。After that, the classification of the Qing Dynasty is roughly like this，The lack is the same as。

Look at the evolution of the Sancai classification system，Characteristics，Insurance is also obvious。Song Dynasty Caochuang，Ancient maps are classified without uniform，There are images without classification，Classified without seeing images，Practical search。Framework of unified classification of the Ming Dynasty，Geographical category of ancient maps，graphic and text，Sorting is square。Insurance is that all ancient maps are geographical.，And there are some pictures that need to be merged。Except for astronomy，The maps of the Qing Dynasty were divided from the Ming Dynasty geographical categories。Due to the purpose of highlighting national needs，Classification of category categories that belong to the local governance and national governance of public governance，Since then, it has become a problem of ancient map classification。

　　Binary Category: Transformation and inheritance of the classification of modern ancient maps

binary classification，The classification system of the Qing Dynasty map of the Qing Dynasty during the Republic of China，Dialogue diagram and class diagram。and then 1912-1949 Old maps were included in it，Modern scholars follow the heavy map。

Binary initial construction，Map establishment。In view of the inconvenience of finding inconvenience in the Qing Dynasty,，In 1932, Wang Yong's "The Catalog of the Cabinet of the Cabinet of the Cabinet of the National Beijing Library" began to follow the map of the area as the area diagram、Classification Figure，Established a dual classification that affects so far。This comes from the three talents of the Qing Dynasty: the area inheritance of the area，It is scored as an outline，The following journey、Duyi and other pictures，Repeat the stamp shop of the distance between the distance and the classification diagram。The classification map also includes river coast、Border defense two categories。River Coast Integration of the Qinghe River、Jianghai two categories，Border defense slightly martial arts。Rui Ying、Effective tribute、Temple、Feng Shui and other classes，Because it is not close to the map of today, it is stripped，Therefore, the map of the map will become an ancient map painted with traditional landscape painting。This bet365 live casino games is a major event classification of modern ancient maps。

Chinese and foreign，An old coexistence。1933，Wang Yong、Mao Naiwen co -edited the "Chinese Peiping Library Chinese Map Catalog" while strikes the binary classification，Adopt the classification system of modern Western books，Then there is a classification of classification different from the past。Area divided into the world、Map of China: World Map Sub -map、Asia, Europe, and the United States and Australia; Chinese Map Term General Picture、Figures of all provinces、Figure。Figures of various provinces in China、Figures of all provinces include zoning、Terrain、River、Traffic and other pictures。This is inevitable that the terrain in the class diagram、River、Dance of traffic。Class charts also include astronomy、Mountains、Coastal、River Water Conservancy、Building of famous monuments、Geology、Industry、Administrative、National Borders、Military、National、History 12 category，Inner ancient、Old map。1937 "National Peiping Library Chinese Map Directory Continuation"、1997 The National Library Map of the National Library Compiled "Map to Record" still inherited the binary framework，Map classification is generally like this。

Go to the old storage ancient，Western Xue Yu Xu。Since the 1950s，Ancient map classification is rare，Until the 1990s, it changed。1990-1997，Cao Wanru and other "Ancient Chinese Atlas" are divided into the Warring States Period、Ming、Three Volumes of the Qing Dynasty。This is the biggest project compiled by ancient maps to this day，Sign and Map Organization Research Return to ancient times。There are no classifications in these three volumes。Figure category listed in the "Foreword" from the Ming Dynasty，Area map and navigation map、Haifang Figure、Border Figure、Water conservancy map、History Following the Map、City Figure、Business Road Figure、10 categories such as landscape map，It can be seen that the map classification of the Ming Dynasty is still in the binary framework。Li Xiaocong created the precedent of Chinese scholars' large -scale overseas maps，and the biggest influence is 2004 "The Library of the United States Congress Collection Chinese Ancient Maps"，The first two volumes "World General Map、Outside Figure、National General Picture、Area Maps "，Real area map; the latter two -volume topic map "City、Bet365 lotto review Palace、Garden、Mausoleum、River、Mountains、Coast，Actually it is a class diagram。Binary classification framework is very obvious。In these two classic works，Ancient maps named after the classification of books in Western disciplines still exist。

In short，Wang Yong has created the ancient map binary classification system，Most scholars use this as sect。This has not achieved the purpose of finding convenience，Instead, as the number of ancient maps increases and the use of modern Western book classification methods，Become more confusing。Area Figure，It has not been resolved by zoning、Disposal of the map of the map，Class diagram is divided into uncertainty、Unclear expression。Not only the regional diagram and classification classification repeat，Even the diagram of the different themes like the Yellow River is divided into different graphs。

　　One yuan Category: The path and direction of the ancient map classification in the future

One yuan category，The classification system of the species series diagram。Seed Figure，Area and under -class diagram Express the ancient map of a certain subject。Series Figure，Set up a set of the same theme of the species。This should be the path of ancient map classification、Sortoring research can be referenceable。

Current，Learning circles about the collation of the seedlings series are less and less。2004 Zheng Xi's first precedent for the ancient city series of diagrams，Research on Hualin Fu and others in 2015 late、Shandong two provinces and county -level series diagram，2021 Zhang Ping and others subsequently analyzed the ancient cities in the northwest，In 2022, Li Xiaocong's "The Great Wall on the Ancient Map" is another masterpiece in this field。This is divided into the Great Wall as the nine -side、Division、War Defense、Based on the four series of construction projects，Time as the scripture、Nine sides for weft，More than 60 Ming and Qing Nine -side Pictures are nine border towns。Each border town score is separated by itself，Forming a complete Great Wall picture volume。Reasonable classification、Specific level、Find the convenience method，Provide practical cases for the classification of ancient maps。

Based on this，It is advisable to discuss the theoretical method of establishing an ancient map of one yuan category。First，Sancai、Binary Classification Properties，Based on the class diagram。The class diagram is a collective name for various types bet365 best casino games of diagrams，It is convenient for the preliminary understanding of various pictures as a whole，Not conducive to the in -depth understanding of each picture from the individual。Therefore, it is necessary to break the classification based on class diagrams。

Next，The main reasons for the duplication of ancient map classification，It is still in the area diagram except for the district area，Under the zone diagram, the species diagram of different subjects such as the territory under the jurisdiction。This cannot avoid the classification of the class diagram。So avoid the effective method of duplicate classification，It is independent of the zoning diagram in the area diagram with other diagrams。

Faced with decentralized species，Use the same type of merger、The same topic induction、The principle of "name from the master" is a good strategy。Specific words，Merge the same maps together，Summarize according to the same topic，For these maps of the same map and the maps under various themes，All named "Names from Master" name。

Taking the "Map to Record" Yellow River Map as an example。Regional maps "Full Map of the Yellow River Basin", "Ningxia River Quarter", "The Map of the Guts of Ningxia", "The Map of the Yellow River Embankment of the Shandong upstream"，Category Tuhe Water Conservancy "The full map of the Yellow River"。This belongs to the Yellow River map，merge、summary、After named，The full map is the full picture of the "full map of the Yellow River Basin" and "The full picture of the Yellow River"，Hequat is "Ningxia River Quartet", "Ningxia's Guttings"，embankment is "Map of the Yellow River Embankment of the upper reaches of Shandong", "Map of the Flood Embankment of Xiangfu"。This avoids classification and dispersion in the previous framework、Classification Repeat、Dislatable names of the graphic is unknown and inconvenient to query。The principle of naming naming avoids unclear diagrams、Questions to naming and discomfort in Western disciplines。

One -dollar classification method is not only suitable for the collation and research of traditional paper maps，I also found a solution for the classification bottleneck problem of digitalization of ancient maps。In the process of transition from paper to digitalization today，The ancient map classification system does not keep pace with the times。Some according to the drawing time、Drawer、Draw the area、Version、Language and other elements category，Some still use Bet365 lotto review the dual classification system。Although the powerful search function of digital technology，Can collect the retrieval object quickly、summary，But it is difficult to see the ancient maps of different themes of the same subject。Even if these ancient maps are brought together，For reasonable classification、Specific level、Find convenience，Still needs to be used to analyze it with the help of the one -dollar classification path before digitalization。

Analyze the evolution of the ancient map classification system，It helps us to fully master the content contained in the ancient map。Analyze the theoretical method of ancient map classification，It helps the system to promote the sorting and research of ancient maps，Deeply digging the cultural connotation of ancient maps。Clear path of ancient map classification，It is good for better constructing the ancient map culture system,The foundation of contemporary Chinese culture。

　　(The author is the head of the National Social Science Fund key project "China Tibetan Rare Yellow River Map Organization and Research"、Professor of the Chinese National Community Community Research Institute of Ningxia University)