Preface is a style of style based on the presence of the presence，Sybilities in Wei Jin、prosperous in the Tang Dynasty，After Song、yuan、Ming's development and evolution，It has been passed on to the Qing Dynasty。Preface，Tong "Syria" and "Xu"，There is a narrative、Regulations、Starting meaning，The main manifestation of narrative and discussion。Gift preface is a style derived from the poem preface under the preface and postcate category，The beginning of its generation，Relying on poetry exists，With the changes in the cultural environment、The development of style and restrictions on poetic expression functions，When the preface is "Do not do it because of the gift"，Realizing the independence of style。It combines elegant language with Confucianism and religion thoughts，Overall presents elegant beauty style characteristics，Become a scholarly -oriented style widely used。

Tang Liu Zongyuan "Sending the Secretary of the Du Ning Dugu Go to the Order of Life"，See "Mr. Hedong Collection" (Ming issue)。 Author/Figure Confer

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Ancient people parting，Most of the gifts。"Historical Records · Confucius Family" record，Confucius entered the week to ask Laozi，When leaving，Lao Tzu Send，And said: "I heard the rich and the rich gave me a wealth，The benevolent gives people to say words。I can't be rich，The name of stealing people，Sending a child to speak，Said: ‘Smart and Deep and Near the Dead，Good boring person also。Blog and those who are in danger，Evil who send people also。Those who are the sons do not have their own，Those who are ministers do not have their own。'"This is Lao Tzu's words to Confucius' lungs，It is also the most precious gift at the time of farewell。"Xunzi · Fei Xiang" Cloud: "So given people to speak with words，Heavier than golden stone bead jade。"Gifted people say that it is a cultural tradition left over from ancient my country，Symbol of lofty etiquette，It is still widely spread to this day。From the perspective Bet365 app download of literature，Gift -by -speaking mother questions or originated from the pre -Qin ancestors' rhetoric。

There is a ritual to sacrifice road gods before traveling in ancient times，called "Ancestral Road"，Also called "軷", "軷 軷", "軷 Festival"。This sacrifice activity is very sacred，First choose a good position，then shouting the gods，Then sacrifice wine，Finally, there is a greetings。The rhetoric here will send the origin of the text，The origin of the gift of the gift。The early ancestral ceremony was mainly sacrifice activities，Drinking 饯，"饯" after "Ancestor"，It can also be said that "饯" is an integral part of "Ancestor"。With the popularity and generalization of the ancestral activities，The communication between man and God is daily、Life，Gradually becoming an important way to communicate between people，The status of the ancestral road decreases，Say in Drink，Sacrifice God Wishes finally evolved into a farewell message。Today we are often talking about "all the way", "one sailing", etc.，can be described as the shortest "ancestor wishes"。

This cultural gene not only determines the "meaning" of the preface，It also determines the "body"。Yao Yan's "Ancient Cultivation Category Edit · Preface" seized two necessary factors for the preface: first, the legacy of "gifted people to speak" at the time of farewell;，should be "according to its body"。Mind with this standard，On the definition of the preface，We should pay attention to the following points。One is "Gift ×× Preface".，Not the preface to gift poems，Because some of these articles do not leave anymore、The meaning of parting。The second is the name of "Send ×× Preface" in the preface，instead of called "Sequential" and "Preface"，The meaning of "gifted people to speak"。Third, from the perspective of the system's origin，Preface to preface to the preface to the gift，It is a preface for gifts，The preface to poetry in the process of development、Poetry -free and orderly form，Therefore, as long as you meet the legacy of "gifted people", you can be called a gift preface，Should not be length and shorter、Whether there are gifts to distinguish。Fourth, from the perspective Bet365 lotto review of style function，The preface is used to give a special article，Therefore, there are generally no words such as "饯", "send", and "gift".，and used to send other articles，List in the scope of the preface; there is no "preface" and other logo textive eyes，and used to send other articles，Also among the scope of the preface。Therefore, the preface text has its own paradigm，instead of randomly。

　　Change and development: The source of life of preface 

Gift preface Wen Xing flourished in the Tang Dynasty，From the development to independence, the four stages of the "preface of the preface -the preface of the poem -preface of the poem -no poetry and the poem are orderly"。Following the independence of the style of the Tang Dynasty，A long -term development in the Song Dynasty，Entering the stage of "post -order poem"。Specifically，"Poetry Preface" is the initial development of the preface，Being in a subordinate，Its existence is mainly for solving questions，Simply explain the cause of creative，to make readers understand the content of poetry more clearly;，The problem -solving function of the preface decreases，lyric function enhancement，Gradually evolved into a grand occasion that describes collective banquets or gives off poetry;，Individuals while sending farewell poems，Gift with preface，Echo with poetry，or narrative or discussion，Its purpose is mainly to supplement poetry，to enhance the effect of emotional expression; until "without poetry but orderly"，No poem，Only preface，This shows that the preface at this time has become an independent style，Being able to undertake a gift alone，Although it is called "Preface"，In fact, non -order。To the Song Dynasty，Gift preface officially entered the fifth stage of its development period，that is, "Poetry of the Sequence"。The preface of the preface attached to the poem proves the poem、Swap of the status，Poetry has become an attachment to the preface.。Rujing's "Sequential Sequence of Jiangxiu Return to Luling Poems"，Poetry is just a part of the preface narrative，Make the preface more complete，Just add the icing on the cake。Although this article is the preface of poetry，The reasons and background of poetry are described，bet365 best casino games But from the content of the content of the poem、Emotional expression、In terms of conceptual theory，The order is far from comparable to its poems。Preface to Poetry，Here has been converted into a preface and attached poem。

But no matter how it develops and changes，Gifts and prefaces have not changed substantially，The establishment of preface style is also completed by its gift function。Deep connotation based on the presence of the gift，The physical function of the preface is mainly persuasion、Yiyu、Wishes, etc.，Based on this，With the development of style、Mature、flow change，Miseration becomes the main performance content of the preface。A time when a style is the most active，This is the most sufficient player of this style of style。The generation of preface and preface function of the Tang Dynasty is an important reason for the development of the preface in the Song Dynasty。The preface of the preface developed to the time of the late Tang and Five Dynasties，Due to the decline of ancient texts、Limited by the witness of talent and the style of the preface itself，It is accompanied by that era and decline。But in the Song Dynasty，Gift preface rejuvenation，It is due to it deepened the persuasion、Function of Gifts，Show new style characteristics。Songs in the Song Dynasty，persuasion、Yanyu, etc. has retired to the secondary position，or it is completely supplemented。The main purpose of the author's creation preface is to clarify the reason，Therefore, I have developed a vein，Most involved literati thoughts，Go to the national event、is a text，down to treating people、Life trivial news，所 所，Greatly reflects its personal interest、Cultural tendency of personal insights，enhanced the personalization and academic taste of the preface，Break through the creative limitations of "preface to the application style"。It is because the preface of the Song Dynasty can break through the creative pattern of the application of art，No work like some prefaces in the Tang Dynasty，Therefore, the situation of Da Sheng can appear，Promote by the world。

　　Positive and innovation: The style value of the preface 

In the history of Chinese literature，The words of Bet365 lotto review gifts to Tang Dasheng，Poetry as the main form，The reason is mostly the enthusiasm of the Tang people for the creation of poetry and the super high artistic level。The emergence of preface and prosperity，Breaking the situation of the poem of the gift，The way people's communication is also more flexible。Not only in the Tang Dynasty，In the entire history of literature，The preface is a style that can replace the gifted poems。

"Poetry and Fate and Qi Mi"，Poetry creation starts due to love，Gift poems are no exception。Therefore，The creation of fate poems has been limited by emotional expression。First，The gift of the gift must be closely related to the author，or loved ones、or friends，This can only produce real and strong feelings。If it is entertainment、A masterpiece of the scene will inevitably embark on the road to create love。Next，For relatives and friends,，The author must send it out，lyric words，If you only make goodbye，It is not unavoidable，Make life。Gifts and melting lyrics、Description、narrative、Discussion in one furnace，Avoid the disadvantages of creating sentiment in the creation of fate poems，The space and development space of their styles originated from this。

In the classification study of preface text，Sometimes it will simply divide it into the order of sending off and not sending a process，This "preface to not send off" is actually not a preface text，but the derivative of the preface。The Qing Dynasty Zeng Guofan pointed out in "Mr. Tian Kunpu's Sixty Life Preface" that "the preface of the life of the life sequence"，refers to life prefaces derived from the preface of the preface。After the Tang Dynasty，In particular, the wind prevailing in the Song and Ming dynasties，Gift at this time，Non -Farewell Words，Various celebrations、meaningful activity、major events, etc., can be given a word。Wu Zengqi "Hanfen Lou Wen Tan" is divided into five sub -eyes under the preface，Preface、Life Preface、Leading、Say、Appendix。Among them, only the "preface" is the preface，Other derivatives。Wu Zengqi explained "Said" as: "There is this body in the argument，However, the ancients concentrated that Yun Mou said that it was done for someone，bet365 Play online games Say to Mingmou、The word said。The tone is no different from the preface，Therefore, it is listed here。"It can be seen that what he said is not a preface to the preface。Xue Fengchang said in "The Theory of Sports" and said: "It's different from the theory of argument，Ancient concentration，Often there is ‘Someone’ s presence of some ’，or ‘for a certain work’，and the name of the title。Want to think about the name and justice，Actually with 'Gift Preface "also。"Zhang Xiang's" Ancient and Modern Culture "is divided into three categories:" other prefaces "," life order "," the rest of the preface "。Among them, the other preface is divided into officials according to the "other preface system"、Supervisor、、Said、Zhishi、Ning Qin、Answer、Leave another、Send a few people、Send special person，Ten categories;、Regulations、Solution、Lies、satirical、Getting off，Six categories。"Ancient and Modern Culture" divides the life order according to the "life order system" into relatives、仕、martial arts、cloth、Scholars、Female Life、Shuangshou、Fangwai、Preliminary sequence and self -preface，Ten types; according to the "Life Preface" divided into test theory、Regulations、Sigh、comfort、Getting off、Don't work，Six categories。"Others of the Preface" is divided into academic art、Preface name、Preface Wu Gong、Preface Friendship、Preface name、Preface New Marriage、Preface Building Room、Dr. Preface to Disciples、Under the preface、Preface，Ten categories in total。Among them, only "other prefaces" are prefaces，Others are not。can be seen from Zhang Xiang's classification，The reason he attributed the "life order" and "the rest of the preface" into the preface of the gift is to take the meaning of its "gift"，But the preface we are talking about is the saying of the difference，So life order, etc. are all derivatives of the preface，Not preface。

From the sense of style，Gift preface is beyond the gift poem，One another，And to a certain extent, it avoids the development of the direction of the gifted poem as a text;，Not only fully proves its independent status that is completely separated from gifted poems，More Bet365 lotto review importantly, the contribution of preface to ancient prose and style。As for the development of these derivatives in later generations，It's another matter。

The development process of the preface of the preface，When there is,、There is a place to go，There are ups and downs，Rise and decline。It has no poetic high, and the highlights of the high Chinese，Congenital Advantages of Wugang Pavilion，Illness of the unparalleled works，Because of this，Not much attention obtained。But，Gift preface can always retain the fire when declined，and continuously adjust the strategy under the premise of adhering to the cultural gene，Realize cultural and sports innovation。Traditional Literature to Modern Modern New Works Few，We also look forward to the preface to replace the gold and stone bead jade，Show the excellent Chinese traditional literature when the people leave today、Elegant of traditional culture、Valuable。

　 (The author is the person in charge of the "Tang Dynasty Gift Essay Research" in the later period of the National Social Science Fund、Deputy Editor -in -Chief of Social Science Literature Publishing House)