Huayan，In ancient times, it was called steamed bun、steamed cake、milk cakes and ring cakes, etc.，It is a kind of long history、Rich color、Unique shape and profound facial plastic art。They prevail in the Yellow River Basin，Often in the festival ritual、Marriage and funeral and marriage、Celebration of birthday congratulations or relocation and other ceremonies，It is used to worship the ancestors of God、Disaster prayer、Rendering atmosphere，Viewing the emotional structure of the people、Life Consciousness、Ideal wish and aesthetic taste, etc.。

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Cake，"Dialect" is interpreted as: "Essence also。"" Interpretation "said:" Cake，and also，The merger of the noodles is also。"正 正，Water tone noodles also。"Tang Xujian's" Beginning "and Song Zhumu's" Ancient and Modern Culture Gathering "containing" Mai "in front of" Main "，This indicates that the cake is based on flour。The two Han Dynasty，Cake has clearly classified，and because of different styling and cooking methods, they have their own names。Liu Xi's "Release Name"，There is "steamed cake、Decoction cake、Scorpion Cake、Myel Cake、Gold Cake、The genus of the cake，All named "。

Bakery variety more，audience Guang。According to the records of "Han Book", "Hou Han Book", "Express", "Interpretation" and other records，Royal、Wang Gong and the people love cakes。"Xuandi buys every cake，The buyer from the buyer ";，Jingshi all eat cakes。"In order to better enshrine cakes for the royal family，The court also set up a full -time supervisor cake bait，Ban Gu "Han Book"、Cai Jing's "Han Guanyi" and Li Linfu's "Tang Liu Dian" are recorded。From the court to the street、From royal to citizens，Cakes have become popular。

Cakes have a large demand，There is a market selling point，Therefore, businessmen and shops who have specialized in the cake industry have bet365 live casino games been promoted。Liu Ye's "Xijing Miscellaneous Ji" contains: "Taishang Emperor Migration Changan，Ju Shen Palace，怆 怆。Gao Zuxing asked him because of left and right，It is good for your life，All Tu Daisao teenagers，Selling cake，Fighting Chicken Cuju，Taking this as Happy，There is no such today，Therefore, unhappy，Gao Zu is a new Feng，Move the truth of the people，Taishang Emperor Naiyue。"Among them," selling cakes "shows that the cakes were commercialized at the time。

but but，At that time, the cake is just a daily consumption，Document records for sacrifice activities have not been seen。According to the "Four People's Moon", "Book of Rites · Music" and "Historical Records · Ritual Book"，Sacrifice pays attention to "expensive and pro -use"。The so -called "expensive"，The foundation of the expensive diet，Refers to the primitive eating habits of the ancestors during the Da Yi and Chang Sacrifice，Yimai、Qingshui、raw materials such as raw fish and non -reconciliation broth are sacrifice。"use" refers to the exquisite food that was subsequently dedicated to the ancestors。Cake has not been used for sacrifice，Maybe the cake is in the shape、Hed or taste is not the most exquisite thing。From this inference，Flowers in the modern sense have not appeared in the Han Dynasty。

　　The legend of the invention of Kong Ming invented

The legend of Zhuge Liang invented Huayu is widely circulated in the people，Song Gaocheng's "Ji Ji Yuan"、Ming Wang San hired the "Ancient and Modern Things Test" and Qing Xu Ke's "Clear Word Banknotes" and other documents.，I heard that the land of Nanbaro is more demons and evil，You need to worship the gods with a header。Kong Ming is unwilling to use this brutal habit，Life ordered people to use bread lamb and pork，Dragon adult head sacrifice。From this point of view，The technology of making steamed buns at that time was quite superb，Can be made into a lifelike person image，enough to be fake，Achieve the same purpose as a real sacrifice。This kind of steamed bun has been comparable to today's flowers。

bet365 Play online games but but，There are many doubts about the story of Zhuge Liang invented Huayu。Wei, Jin, Southern and Southern Dynasties from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties have never seen Zhuge Liang invented the historical material material of the buns，Song Gao Cheng's "Ji Yuan Yuan" began to appear related records，At this time, it has been more than 700 years away from Zhuge Liang seven capture Meng。"Ji Yuan Yuan" is a book that specializes in the origin of things，The invention contained in the book is not original，Instead, it is quoted from "Guan Guan Novel"。and "Guan Guan Novels" are recorded in the streets and alleys，with a strong interpretation component，Not enough to collect credit。So，The book finally concluded: "The doubt is also from Wuhou,。"" Doubt "is enough to see the author’s speculation，Ge's delusional words。Qing Zhangying、Wang Shizhen's "Yuxingyuan Classification Letter" Cloud from "Three Kingdoms"。But in the original text of the "Three Kingdoms" and the annotation of Liu Song Pei Song，But only the word did not mention this。The sacrifice recorded in "The Yuanyuan" is held before the expedition.，The sacrifice in the "Imperial Class" is made on the road of the class，This plot is completely consistent with the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"。This seems to be explained，The "Three Kingdoms" quoted by the "Imperial Apparent Book Category" should be the error of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"。

The Southern Song Dynasty had questioned the legend in the "Celebrity Record": "Food steamed buns are Shu Yan，Biography thinks that Zhuge Liang is south，Its vulgar first sacrifice，Kong Ming wants to stop his kill，Teach the meat noodle dual -like people to do it。Traveling by ‘Dana’，I don’t know how the sound is at that time，The homophonic of the deception ... "Zeng's opinion is unreasonable，Buns should be the wisdom crystal of the long -term diet practice of the local people，is a derivative that is constantly exploring and innovative pasta。The reason why people "crowns" the reputation of inventing Bet365 app download steamed buns，or because the ancients used to attribute the invention creation to a well -known person，Ru Luo's "Wu Yuan" contains "There is a nest and educating the people、Legend of Shennong Fragrant Rice and Xuanyuan Congee Cerelery Rice "and other legends，Similar to this。This cultural phenomenon is also more common in other nations in the world，Vico mentioned in "New Science": "The Egyptians attribute all the creation and inventions of all usefulness of human life to the greatest Homes。"The origin of" The origin of the flowers is also the same，Zhuge Liang's magical machine、Smart Superblock，Has a lofty status in the people，So people are willing to concentrate on the collective creation of the working people on the Zhuge Liang alone，Respect the founder of it as a flower。

　　Confirmation of the origin of the cauliflower

Zhuge Liang invented the saying of flower buns is not convincing，but but，It is an indisputable fact that Huayu has appeared during the Wei and Jin Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms。With the cooking tools like 甑、The use of kettle and steamer and its continuous progress，and hair face、The gradual development of the starting and steamed surface technology，People process、Improved、The technology and freedom of decorative and beautifying cakes are higher，Variety of cakes、style、Forms and hue are becoming more and more colorful，and taste and taste will be more sweet and fragrant，Originally the practical cake that solved the appetite，It may exceed daily functions，Aesthetic object to be appreciated。

"Cake Fu" in the famous scribes of the Western Jin Dynasty，This point is very vividly reflected。This Fu specifically described the ingredients when making cakes、Mix stuffing、Send face、Plastic pinch and steaming process，Delivered by people's enthusiasm、Skilled and superb cake -pinch plastic，Also with the shop of boasting、Side -setting and other rhetoric means，Delown to show the mellow beauty of steamed cake，Reflects a comprehensive attention and positive affirmation of the daily world poetry and sexuality。

bet365 Play online games Just Huayan，Of course people will spare no effort to adopt various means，Shape a wide variety of hoe，and process them、Decoration and beautification，Make it smooth and round、Beautiful symmetry、White as jade and flavored mellow，Ru Shu Xi's "Cake Fu" cloud: "Weak is like spring cotton，Bai Ruoqiu practice，qi sullen with Yang cloth，Xiangfei is scattered and far away。"" "，People may also project some cultural meaning in these soft and flexible facial plastic forms、Thought, emotion and ideal wishes。It may also be this reason，During the Wei and Jin dynasties，People have chosen to have a distinctive aesthetic element、Plastic products that accumulate a certain cultural meaning as a treasure of sacrifice the ancestors of the gods。

Cake and steamed buns have become important sacrifice during the Wei and Jin period of the Three Kingdoms，Its historical materials are scattered in "Sacrifice", "Sacrifice", "Biography of Four Opins", "Cake Fu", "Ceremony" and "Jin Shu"。Cao Weishi's "Sacrifice instrument" "Summer Said" is the earliest written text。Lu Yan in the Western Jin Dynasty "Sacrifice" said: "Spring Temple uses Man's head、Sugar cake、Myel Cake、Prison; summer, autumn and winter is the same; do n’t use milk cakes in the summer temple;。"Gao Cheng's" Ji Ji Yuan "also confirmed this:" Jindu "" Sacrifice Law "，Spring Temple with steamed buns。Started in the grade of sacrifice。"The Western Jin Dynasty's" Four Object Biography "also includes:" Spring Temple has Manpota，Xia Temple with Bo Ye Dai Man Head，Unable to make white ring cakes。"" Man Head "here is" steamed bun "。From the above materials, it can be known，Initially only steamed cakes in the summer sacrifice，Later developed with cakes and buns in spring, summer, autumn and winter，and dedicated different styles of surface plastic。These pasta are colored、Xiang、taste、Aspects should have reached a very high level，It can be used as the most exquisite and most worked gift to the ancestor，To express the respect bet365 Play online games and nostalgia of the ancestors，and pray for the protection and blessing of the gods。

Wei Jin Shi，Except the four -o'clock Sect Temple sacrifice，Huayan is also used to pray for rain and blessing and celebrate the harvest。Xu Chang's "Ceremony" contains: "Newly recommended new，Get a white cake。"" "Recommended new" is to taste new，Refers to the mature harvesting of agricultural products，People dedicate the latest harvest to the gods and let them have an adopter。"Retoning" ("Qi Qi" error) is the meaning of fermentation，"White Cake" is similar to today's white steamed bun。This example refers to the steamed buns have entered the room，An important item of the wheat harvesting festival of spring and summer。Fan Wang's "Ancestral System" contains "Xia recommend the milk cake 臛"，"Miraxture" should be a cake made by adding dairy products such as cheese at the time，This shows that the type of sacrifice cake is more colorful。May Mai Cooked Season，Perfuel powder with new wheat，Then make a noodles make a cake，Dedicated to grain gods and land gods，Thanks and reward their gifts，Pray to pray in the coming year Guto Feng Deng、Anle rich。The custom of sacrificing wheat harvest with flowers，There are still reservations in the Guanzhong Plain now，But it has evolved into "busy"，"String" for relatives，"Busy" is the meaning of busy。After the wheat harvest is over，The local people will hold the ingots made of the top flour of the new wheat mill、Yunyun、Horseshoe and lotus rolls and other flowers，Take relatives、Look at friends、Taste Xinmai and Qing Harvest。

After the sacrifice，As a sacrifice flower，It will also be given some kind of "mysterious" power，It can make the consumers get rid of illness and avoid disasters。"Miscellaneous Five Elements Book" contains: "October Hai Ri Food Cake，It is not sick。"This function of" Huayan is also used in disaster drive from religious activities。"The Classics of Buddhism" in 357 years contains: "Since now，Poisonous swelling disease，Ten injuries and nine deaths，No door bet365 live casino games is not available。Ru urgent blessing，Can get the world，Three Five Five Family，The size of the village，Together with runaurs (snake) cake，People hold seven foods each，Turn to Sutra Aiste on the same day and one night，Can get the world。"These people can eat seven small and exquisite flowers，Make complex and clever，It is shaped as a lifelike dragon tiger snake image。Dragon、Tiger、Snakes are often considered a sacred object with extraordinary power in folk culture，can pray for blessings，Charity of Disaster Plague Poison。At that time, the dragon and tiger snake cake not only had distinctive artistry，and carrying important cultural functions，This is not much different from the current flowers。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the State Social Science Fund Art Project "New Rural Cultural Construction Species of Guanzhong Hi Mao Art Research"、Associate Professor of Literature and Media College of Wenzhou Institute of Technology)