Flower bun，It was called bet365 apuestas in ancient times、Steamed Cake、Milk cakes, ring cakes, etc.，It is a kind with a long history、Rich colors、The art of dough sculpture with unique shape and profound meaning。They are prevalent in the Yellow River Basin，Often in festival ceremonies、Weddings and funerals、Currently celebrating birthdays, housewarming or opening ceremonies，Used to worship gods and ancestors、Pray for disaster relief、Rendering the atmosphere，Visually represents the emotional structure of the people、Life consciousness、Ideal wishes and aesthetic tastes, etc.。

　　The "predecessor" of Huamo: bet365 apuestas

Cake，"Dialect" is interpreted as: "pasta"。""Shi Ming" says: "cake，Bingye，The merging of the 溲面 envoys。""Zhengzitong" explanation: "溲，Water-mixed noodles。"Tang Xujian's "Ji Xue Ji" and Song Zhumu's "Ancient and Modern Shiwen Leiju" record that there is "mai" in front of "face"，This shows that the cake is made of flour。Han Dynasty，The cakes have been clearly classified，Each one has its own name due to its different shape and cooking methods。Contained in Liu Xi's "Release of Names"，There is "bet365 apuestas cake、Soup Cake、Scorpion cake、Marrow Cake、Golden cake、The property of asking for cake，They are all named according to their shapes”。

Many varieties of cakes，Wide audience。According to "Hanshu", "Houhanshu", "Jijiupian", "Shiming" and other records，Royal Family、Both princes and common people love cakes。"Every time Emperor Xuan buys a bet365 apuestas，The buyer is "big"；“Lingdi’s good cakes，Everyone in the capital eats Hu cakes。”In order to better serve the royal family，The palace also set up a Tang official who was in charge of cakes and bait，Ban Gu's "Book of Han"、There are records in Cai Zhi's "Han Guan Yi" and Li Linfu's "Tang Liu Dian" and other documents。From the palace to the streets、From royal family to citizens，bet365 apuestas has become popular across the country。

The demand for cakes is high，There are market selling points，This gave rise to merchants and shops specializing in the bet365 apuestas industry。Liu Xin's "Xijing Miscellanies" records: "The Emperor moved to Chang'an，Living in a deep palace，Sad and unhappy。Gaozu asked about the reason，What I like in life，They are all young butchers，Selling wine and cakes，Cockfighting Cuju，Enjoy this，No such thing today，That’s why I’m unhappy，Gaozu is doing Xinfeng，Move it to an old friend，The Supreme Emperor Naiyue。”The word “selling cakes” can indicate that the cakes at that time had been commercialized。

However，At that time, bet365 apuestas was only a daily food，There are no documented records of sacrificial activities yet。According to "Four People's Monthly Orders", "Book of Rites and Music" and "Historical Records and Book of Rites"，Sacrifice emphasizes "valuing the foundation and using it personally"。The so-called "expensive book"，The foundation of expensive food，Refers to the original eating habits of respecting the ancestors during feasts and regular sacrifices，Yimai、Qingshui、Raw fish, unseasoned broth and other raw materials are used as sacrifices。And "for personal use" refers to the exquisite food that was later offered to ancestors for consumption。The bread has not yet been used for sacrifice，Maybe it’s a bet365 apuestas in shape、Not the most exquisite thing in terms of appearance or taste。Inferred from this，Hua Mo in the modern sense had not yet appeared in the Han Dynasty。

　　The legend of Kongming’s invention of bet365 apuestas

The legend of Zhuge Liang’s invention of bet365 apuestas is widely spread among the people，Song Gaocheng's "Shijiyuan"、There are records in Ming Wang Sanpin's "Ancient and Modern Things" and Qing Xuke's "Qing Yu Lei Chao": Zhuge Liang's conquest of Meng Huo，I heard that there are many demons and sorcery in the southern barbarian land，Need to use human heads to worship gods。Kong Ming is unwilling to continue this barbaric and bad habit，He ordered mutton and pork to be served on bread，Shape a human head for sacrifice。Looking from this，The technology of making bet365 apuestas at that time was already quite advanced，Can be made into a lifelike human head image，Enough to confuse the fake with the real thing，Achieve the same purpose as a real person sacrifice。This kind of bet365 apuestas is comparable to today’s bet365 apuestas。

However，There are many doubts about the story of Zhuge Liang’s invention of bet365 apuestas。There is no historical factual material that Zhuge Liang invented bet365 apuestas in the classics from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties，Relevant records began to appear only in Song Gaocheng's "Shijiyuan"，At this time, more than 700 years have passed since Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times。"Shijiyuan" is a book dedicated to researching the origin of things，The inventions of Kong Ming recorded in the book are not original，Quoted from "Barnyard Official Novel"。What is recorded in "Barnyard Official Novels" is all talk in the streets，With a strong deductive component，Not enough for historical credit。So，The final conclusion in the book is: “The suspicion of bet365 apuestas began with Marquis Wu。”The word “suspicious” is enough to reveal the author’s speculation，Foolish words。Qing Zhangying、Wang Shizhen's "Yu Ding Yuan Jian Lei Han" states that the text comes from "Three Kingdoms"。But in the original text of "Three Kingdoms" and the annotations by Liu Song and Pei Songzhi，But no mention of this matter。Different from the sacrificial ceremony recorded in "Shijihara" before the expedition，The sacrifices in "Yu Ding Yuan Jian Lei Han" were performed on Banshi Road，This plot is completely consistent with "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"。This seems to explain，The "Three Kingdoms" cited in "Yu Ding Yuan Jian Lei Han" should be the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"。

Zeng Sanyi of the Southern Song Dynasty once questioned this legend in "Yin Hua Lu": "The food bet365 apuestas are originally Shu delicacies，It is said that Zhuge Liang conquered the south，It is customary to worship people with their heads，Kong Ming wants to stop his killing，Teach to make two objects, flesh and face, like a human head。The word "steamed bun" is widely circulated，I don’t know what the pronunciation and meaning were at that time，The homonym of deception is the same as deception..." Zeng's opinion is not unreasonable，bet365 apuestas should be the crystallization of the wisdom of local people’s long-term dietary practice，It is a derivative of pasta that is constantly exploring and innovating。The reason why people give Kong Ming the credit for the invention of bet365 apuestas，Perhaps because the ancients were accustomed to attribute inventions and creations to a famous person，As recorded in Luo Qi's "Wuyuan", "Youchao began to teach the people to eat fruits、There are legends such as Shennong began to cultivate fried rice and Xuanyuan made porridge, rice, soup and fried rice"，Similar to this。This cultural phenomenon is also common in other ethnic groups around the world，Vico mentioned in "New Science": "The Egyptians attribute all inventions useful to human life to the greatest Hormis。”The same goes for the origin of bet365 apuestas，Zhuge Liang’s brilliant plan、Superior wisdom，Always has a high status among the people，So people are willing to concentrate the collective creation of the working people on Zhuge Liang，Respect him as the founder of Huamo。

　　Confirmation of the origin of bet365 apuestas

Zhuge Liang’s theory of inventing flower bet365 apuestas is unconvincing，However，It is an indisputable fact that flower bet365 apuestas have appeared during the Wei and Jin Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms。With cooking tools such as steamer、The use of cauldrons and steamers and their continuous improvement，And make noodles、The gradual development of noodle making and steaming technology，People process、Improvement、Higher skills and freedom in decorating and beautifying cakes，Variety of cakes、Pattern、The forms and hues are becoming more and more colorful，And the taste and taste will be more luscious and mellow，Originally it was just a practical cake to satisfy appetite，It may exceed daily functions，Become an aesthetic object that is appreciated and observed。

"Cake Fu" by Shu Xi, a famous scribe in the Western Jin Dynasty，embodies this very vividly。This fu specifically describes the ingredients used in making cakes、Mixed stuffing、Food、Kneading and steaming process，Detailedly depicts the extraordinary people of the time、Skilled and superb skills in kneading cakes and shaping buns，Return to show off、Rhetorical means such as side foil，It vividly shows the aroma and fragrance of bet365 apuestas cakes，Reflects a comprehensive concern and positive affirmation of the poetic artistry and interest of the daily world。

As far as bet365 apuestas are concerned，Of course the people will spare no effort to use various means，Shaping a variety of bet365 apuestas，And process them、Decoration and Beautification，Make it smooth and round、Beautiful symmetry、White as jade and mellow taste，As Shu Xi said in "Bake Fu": "Weak as spring cotton，Bai Ruoqiu Lian，Energy and prosperity，The fragrance spreads far and wide。”What’s worse，People may also project certain cultural meanings on these soft and flexible dough shapes、Thoughts, emotions and ideal wishes。This may be the reason，In the Wei and Jin Dynasties，People have chosen to incorporate distinctive aesthetic elements、Dough sculptures with a certain cultural meaning are used as treasures to worship gods and ancestors。

Pancakes and bet365 apuestas have become important sacrifices during the Wei and Jin Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms，Historical materials are scattered in "Sacrifice", "Sacrifice Law", "Biography of Food in Four Seasons", "Cake Fu", "Jiji" and "Book of Jin" etc.。The "Summer Sacrifice with Steamed Cake" in Miao Xi's "Sacrifice" of the Cao Wei Dynasty is the earliest text to record the bet365 apuestas。The Western Jin Dynasty Lu Chen's "Sacrifice Method" says: "Spring Temple uses mantou、Sugar cake、Marrow Cake、Liaowan；The same is true in summer, autumn and winter；Don’t use milk cakes in Xia Temple；Ring cakes are also used in winter temples。"Gao Cheng's "Shi Ji Yuan" also confirmed this: "To Jin Lu Chen's "Sacrifice Law"，bet365 apuestas for Chun Temple。First listed in the sacrificial offerings。"Xun's "Biography of Food in Four Seasons" of the Western Jin Dynasty also states: "There are mantou cakes in Chun Temple，Xia Temple replaces Mantou with thin night，Unable to make white ring cake。”The “Mantou” here means “Steamed Bun”。It can be seen from the above materials，Originally steamed cakes were only used during summer ceremonies，Later it developed into the use of cakes and bet365 apuestas in all seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter，And different styles of dough sculptures are offered in different seasons。These pastas are in color、香、flavor、They should have reached a very high level in terms of form，It can be presented as the most exquisite and exquisite gift to the ancestor of God，To express respect and memory for our ancestors，And pray for the protection and blessings of the gods。

Wei and Jin Dynasties，Except for the Four Seasons Ancestral Temple Sacrifice，Hua Mo is also used in various ceremonies such as praying for rain and blessing and celebrating the harvest。Xu Chang's "Sacrifice Notes" records: "In May, the new ones are recommended，Qishu white cake。”“Recommend something new” means try something new，Refers to after the agricultural products are mature and harvested，People offer the latest harvest to the gods to let them taste it。"Qi Shu" (mistake of "Qi Zhi") means fermentation，“White cake” is similar to today’s white bet365 apuestas。This example refers to the fact that the bet365 apuestas have entered the house，Becomes an important item in the wheat harvest festival at the turn of spring and summer。Fan Wang's "Temple System" contains "Xia Jian's Milk Cake"，“Milk cake” should be a kind of cake made with cheese and other dairy products added at that time，This shows that the types of sacrificial cakes are more diverse。May wheat season，Pulverized from newly harvested wheat，Then make the dough into cakes，Dedicated to the God of Grain and the God of Earth，Thank you and repay their gifts，And pray for a good harvest in the coming year、An Le Fu Shu。The custom of using bet365 apuestas to worship the wheat harvest，There are still some reservations in the current Guanzhong Plain，It just evolved into "busyness"，“Chun” means visiting relatives，"Business is over" means busy is over。After the wheat harvest is over，Local people will hold ingots made of fine flour from new wheat mills、Yunyun、Horse hoof and lotus rolls and other flower bet365 apuestas，Visiting relatives、See friends、Taste new wheat and celebrate the harvest。

After the sacrifice，Hua Mo as a sacrifice，Will also be given some kind of "mysterious" power，Can make those who eat it cure diseases and avoid disaster。"Miscellaneous Five Elements Book" contains: "October 1st Eclipse Cake，No disease。"This function of flower buns is also used in religious activities to ward off disasters and exorcise evil spirits。The "Fotu Chengsuo Hua Sutra" written in 357 years says: "From now on，When dealing with poisonous and swollen diseases，Ten injuries and nine deaths，There is no way。You are in a hurry，Can be saved，Three families and five families，According to the size of the village，Make dragon and tiger tongue (snake) cake together，Everyone holds seven pieces of food，Walking around the path one day and one night，Can be saved。”These are small and exquisite bet365 apuestas that each person can eat seven pieces，Complex and ingenious production，Shaped into a lifelike image of a dragon, tiger, and snake。Dragon、Tiger、Snakes are often considered sacred objects with extraordinary power in folk culture，You can pray for good luck，Victory over the plague。The dragon, tiger and snake cakes at that time not only had a distinctive artistic quality，And it carries important cultural functions，This is not much different from the current bet365 apuestas。

　　(The author is the person in charge bet365 apuestas National Social Science Foundation Art Project "Research on Guanzhong Huamo Art from the Perspective of New Rural Culture Construction"、Associate professor at the School of Literature and Media, Wenzhou Institute of Technology)