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With the implementation of the “Belt and Road” initiative,Cooperation between China and Latin America (hereinafter referred to as "China -Latinner Cooperation") has gone through the foundation、Rich levels、Development process of power enhancement。2017,With the natural extension of the Chinese side as the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" with the Latin American region,Mid -pulling level in the subsequent region、Three -party cooperation and third -party market levels and global multilateral levels have been expanded and deepened,The cooperation pattern of "multi -wheel drive" is formed here。The author analyzes the conditions and functional characteristics of various cooperation models,It aims to provide choices for promoting future Sino -Latin -Latin cooperation,To facilitate the two sides to work together to create a better future in China -Latinating, a better future。
First,"1+1 Bilateral Cooperation Wheel" as the foundation and fundamental motivation of China -Latinner cooperation at various levels,Can the cooperation between China and Latin be stable?。2017,After the natural extension of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" in Latin America,Panama became the first Latin American country to sign the "Belt and Road" joint documents with China。Among 33 countries in Latin America,There are 24 countries established with China,Among them, 19 countries and China have signed joint documents,accounting for nearly 80%of the total number of diplomatic relations between the two parties on both parties。The Brazilian new government governed in 2019 highly evaluates the "Belt and Road" initiative,and hope that the country’s "Investment Partner Plan" is connected with it。2017,Argentina and 27 countries including China and China jointly signed the "Belt and Road" financing guidance principle,Argentine heads of state attended the first "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum。Government of China and Arabia decided to strengthen communication and cooperation in the construction of the "Belt and Road" framework,Development plan for the two countries。At the same time,Brazil、Argentina is the founding member and member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank as an important support for the "Belt and Road" initiative。The Mexican government has continuously sent representatives to attend two "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum。other,Latin American countries, including the above -mentioned countries, also actively participated in the first China International Import Expo in 2018。Current,Practical cooperation between China and Latin、Co -construction、Share "principle practice。As one of the results of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum,Chinese financial institutions are from Argentina、Bolivia and Panama signed electricity、financing agreement of iron ore steel factory and mobile fund projects。
2,"1+33 Overall Cooperation Wheel" and the "two -wheel drive" formed with bilateral cooperation,Can the cooperation between China and Latin be farther。The Chinese government has always understood Latin America from a strategic height,In 2008 and 2016, two policy documents for Latin America and Caribbean regions,Comprehensively explain the new period、In the new situation, China's new concept of Latin American policy、New propositions and new measures,It shows that China attaches great importance to the development of the development of China -Latinosa relations,Leading the comprehensive partnership between China and Latinos continues to reach a new level。
but,Sino -Latin cooperation before 2014 mainly relies on "1+1" bilateral cooperation to drive。The first ministerial meeting of the China -Latin Forum 2015 was held,It marks the new stage of China -Latinner cooperation that has entered the "1+33" overall cooperation,bet365 best casino games and opened the new mode of bilateral cooperation and overall cooperation。After the "Belt and Road" initiative was proposed,Especially in 2017,China further clarified that the Latin American region is the natural extension of the Maritime Silk Road and an indispensable participant in the "Belt and Road" international cooperation。2018,The "China -Latinny Forum" as the overall cooperation platform of China -Latinosa was held.,It is believed that the "Belt and Road" initiative will provide important opportunities for strengthening development cooperation for relevant countries,Provide new concepts for mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Latin American countries、Inject new vitality、Build a new platform。
China Latinny Forum as a platform for the "overall cooperation" of both parties,It is a platform for all countries in China and Latin America to collectively speak on major issues in the world,It is a platform for major issues such as the “Belt and Road” initiative between China and Latinos.,Complement with bilateral cooperation。Latin American countries can flexibly and voluntarily participate in projects under the framework of the China -Latin America forum,No conflict between bilateral cooperation agreements reached with China。
third,"1+N Multilateral Cooperation Wheel" as a "enhanced driver" supplemented by bilateral cooperation between bilateral and overall cooperation,Can the cooperation between China and Latinar be able to go faster。The 2nd "Belt and Road" International Cooperation Summit Forum emphasizes,Partnership, including the “Belt and Road” initiative and other cooperation strategies,In the second area、regional and global level strengthen international cooperation。This includes the opportunities related to the proposal and cooperation framework of Latin America's sub -regions and regions。As one of the areas of global developing countries and emerging market concentrations,Latin American region is the earliest first exploration and practice of developing regional cooperation and integration、The most active area。Where,In particular, the sub -regional organization represented by the Pacific Union and the Southern Market as a representative of the regional and cross -regional economic cooperation play an important influence and unique role。
from Chile、Colombia、Pacific Alliance composed of Mexico and Peru,55 observer states including China and 4 candidate contact countries。The purpose of the organization is clearly committed to strengthening the coordination of national trade policies of the Pacific coast of Latin America,Promote goods in the alliance、Service、Capital and personnel free circulation,Create the alliance into the most attractive Latin American sub -regional organization in Asia and the most convenient entrance to Asia into the Latin American market。In recent years,The booming Pacific Alliance has incorporated infrastructure into the development agenda。Obviously,This is a key level of cooperation with infrastructure construction as the “Belt and Road” initiative.。As of 2019,Pacific Alliance is the most dynamic subcontractive economic organization,Eight "Pacific Alliance Investment Forum" has been held in China。Through the forum,This organization has performed substantial docking with China -related provinces and cities。At the same time,from Brazil、Argentina、The Southern Common Market composed of Uruguay and Paraguay as the most important sub -regional organization in South America,It has also accelerated the pace of riding the "Belt and Road" ride。
The "Belt and Road" initiative except to strengthen the multilateral cooperation between China and Latin American sub -regional organizations,It also provided the two parties with an opportunity for innovation of other multilateral cooperation mechanisms。April 2019,Lead of National Development Bank of China,Foreign Trade Bank with Latin America and Argentina、Ecuador、Mexico、Peru、Development financial institutions in 6 countries in Panama and Colombia,Established the first multilateral financial cooperation mechanism between China and Latin America -China bet365 best casino games -Latinating development financial cooperation mechanism,The important cooperation results of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum。
Fourth,"1+1+1 Wheel of Trilogy" and the third -party market cooperation can be described as "flexible driving" for China -Latinner cooperation,Can the cooperation between China and Latin be more alive。The "Belt and Road" initiative encourages the development of third -party market cooperation、Three -party cooperation and government and social capital cooperation with pragmatic cooperation。Actually,The above -mentioned cooperation formed based on complementary advantages,Not only allows Chinese and foreign companies to accumulate rich experience through cooperation,and the results of the cooperation are significant。Where,The Three Gorges Group, as the largest enterprise in the global hydropower development industry,acquired Portuguese power equity in 2011 and became the company's largest shareholder。By bringing the Portuguese side in the global business network、The advantages of resources and management and the Chinese side in the brand、Technical and funding advantages integration,The situation of "strong union" formed。So far,The two sides not only cooperated to develop the third -party market in Latin America -Brazil Hydropower Market,The Three Gorges Group becomes the second largest power generation operator in Brazil's non -state -owned enterprises,and are planning to enter the hydropower market in Peru and Colombia。As one of the leading companies in the China Telecom industry, China Unicom and Spain Telecom signed the IoT cooperation agreement in 2018,and jointly invested in the development of the Internet of Things in Europe、After the business of the three major markets of Latin America and China,Starting a new strategic cooperation in 2019,Create 5G global deployment together。
Fifth,"1+1+X Global Multilateral Cooperation Wheel" is a "deep driver" that cooperates with China -Latinos in major global governance issues,Can the cooperation between China and Latinar be better。Current,Substation in economic globalization、Protectionism prevails、On the occasion of unilateralism,Some Latin American countries are also directly or indirectly suffering from the above threats and challenges。The level of economic development、Economic freedom、Latin American countries with higher trade openness,It is always supporters and beneficiaries of multilateralism and free trade,It is also an opponent and victim of unilateralism and trade protectionism。At the same time,All countries in the world, including China -La La, are facing climate change、Sustainable development、The severe test of global governance such as World Trade Organization Reform。As an important emerging economy in the world,Chinese and Latin American great powers are the World Trade Organization、Twentan Group、Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization、BRICS countries and other international organizations,Both parties have similar experiences and common appeals,Improving the willingness and motivation of each other's global and multilateral affairs。
At this moment,Facing a big change in the world for a century,The value and significance of the concept of the concept of the human destiny community, including the China -Latinating Destiny Community, advocated by the "Belt and Road"。The "Belt and Road" initiative as a public product that benefits the world,It has been written into the official files such as the United Nations file。May 2019,The UN General Assembly will give President Xi Jinping's keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum、The Broadcasting Summit Joint Bulletin is distributed as the official document of the United University,once again reflects the international community's recognition and support for the "Belt and Road" initiative。
It is under the leadership of the “Belt and Road” initiative,medium and pull on bilateral、Overall、Multilateral region、Three and third -party markets、The foundation of cooperation at the level of global governance can be consolidated、The platform can be widened、The level is enriched、Fields can expand、Consensus Bet365 app download can be strengthened,China -Latinner cooperation is from "bilateral drive" to "double -wheel drive",continuously upgrade to the "multi -wheel drive",Sino -Chinese cooperation in the new era can go more stable、Go further、Go faster、Go more alive、Going better。
(Author Unit: Xi Jinping of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in the new era of socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics)
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