December 20, 2019，U.S. President Trump signed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020，Contains sanctions on natural bet365 refer a friend code pipeline projects such as "Beixi-2" and "Turkish Stream"。Determined by the Act，The Nord Stream-2 natural bet365 refer a friend code pipeline project is a “tool of coercion and political influence”，will weaken U.S. relations with Germany and Europe。Bill name，After the 30-day grace period，All companies and individuals involved in pipeline construction and services will have their US visas revoked，Financial assets in the United States will also be frozen。After the United States announced the sanctions bill，Both Russia and Germany have expressed their refusal to accept US sanctions on Nord Stream-2，And emphasized that despite pressure from the United States，Beixi-2 project will continue。Currently, there are still 300 kilometers of pipelines in the Beixi-2 project that have not yet been laid，U.S. sanctions will delay but not prevent project completion。

Controversies encountered by Beixi-2 project，Reasons for existing financial interests，There are also geostrategic factors，However, the various struggles between the United States, bet365 refer a friend code and Europe over this project will continue for a long time，It will have a profound impact on the regional pattern。

Due to the overload operation of the Beixi-1 project in recent years，September 2015，Gazprom announced that it will form a joint company with five European energy companies to jointly build the Nord Stream-2 project。Nord Stream-2 is a natural bet365 refer a friend code pipeline from Russia to Germany via the Baltic Sea bottom，Total length 1230 kilometers，Russian natural bet365 refer a friend code can be sent to Germany bypassing Ukraine，And transported to other European countries through German trunk pipelines。The pipeline was originally planned to be completed by the end of 2019，Ventilation production will be put into operation in mid-2020。After completion, it is expected to transport 55 billion cubic meters of natural bet365 refer a friend code from Russia to Germany every year。Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 natural bet365 refer a friend code pipelines together，Can meet about 1/4 of the natural bet365 refer a friend code needs of EU countries。

It can be said，The United States is behind Nord Stream 2 project、bet365 refer a friend code and the European Union represented by Germany，In geopolitics、The game between energy security and economic interests，It also reflects the different demands and considerations of all parties。

The U.S. sanctions on Nord Stream-2 have dual considerations of geopolitical and commercial interests。Political aspects，Excluding Russian influence from Europe has always been an important strategic goal of the United States after the Cold War。From the perspective of the United States，Nord Stream-2 project will make European countries more dependent on Russian energy，It will also damage Ukraine’s economic and strategic security。Russia is currently the largest natural bet365 refer a friend code supplier to the EU，More than 40% of EU natural bet365 refer a friend code imports in 2018 came from Russia。Beixi-No. 2 once completed，Russian bet365 refer a friend code deliveries to Germany may double。The United States does not want Russia to penetrate further into Europe through natural bet365 refer a friend code pipelines，I don’t even want to see strong cooperation between Russia and Europe。Russian-European cooperation will create huge competitive pressure on the United States。Economic aspects，The United States wants to compete for the European energy market。Due to the fracking revolution，The United States will become the world’s third largest exporter of LNG。The U.S. government firmly believes that this energy source will play a decisive role in significantly reducing the U.S. trade deficit with its main partner Germany。But American liquefied natural bet365 refer a friend code is 20%-30% more expensive than Russian pipeline natural bet365 refer a friend code，No price advantage，Therefore, it is intended to squeeze the biggest rival of US shale bet365 refer a friend code - Russian pipeline natural bet365 refer a friend code out of the European market through non-market means。

Energy is the pillar supporting the Russian economy。For Russia，Exporting natural bet365 refer a friend code to Europe also has economic and geopolitical significance。Russia is the largest natural bet365 refer a friend code supplier to the EU，And total natural bet365 refer a friend code exports to the EU have continued to increase in recent years。current，Russia supplies bet365 refer a friend code to Europe through multiple pipelines，A large share of the natural bet365 refer a friend code transported to Europe through Ukraine。Due to dispute with Ukraine，Russia has always wanted to reduce its dependence on transit countries，Seize the initiative in natural bet365 refer a friend code exports to Europe。The reason why Russia wants to build the Nord Stream-No. 2 pipeline，First, to reduce the uncertainty caused by the Russia-Ukraine natural bet365 refer a friend code dispute，The second is to expand energy supply to Europe，Increase foreign exchange income。Energy exports are Russia’s largest source of foreign exchange earnings。Beixi-2 after being put into operation，55 billion cubic meters of natural bet365 refer a friend code will be exported to Europe every year，Comparable to the total amount of natural bet365 refer a friend code currently exported by Russia through Nord Stream-1。The bet365 refer a friend code volume of the two pipelines will replace the bet365 refer a friend code volume currently transported through the pipeline in Ukraine，Saving Russia billions of dollars in transshipment fees at the same time。Also，Russia wants to use natural bet365 refer a friend code to strengthen cooperation with Germany and other European countries，And then gain more diplomatic benefits: on the one hand, it highlights its identity as a European country，On the other hand, playing the European card when competing with the United States。Facing West，Russia has always hoped to use its energy strategy to reflect its right to speak in Europe，And seek moderate dominance。In this context，Beixi-2 project is of important strategic significance to Russia。

Germany is the most enthusiastic promoter and main construction force of the Nord Stream 2 project。Economic factors are the main motivation for Germany to import Russian natural bet365 refer a friend code。Germany is paying more and more attention to combating climate change，Continuously promote energy structure adjustment。In the process of Germany’s transition to renewable energy in the next ten years，Natural bet365 refer a friend code will play an increasingly important role。At the same time，Germany’s domestic natural bet365 refer a friend code reserves have reached a record low。In 2018, German natural bet365 refer a friend code production accounted for only 7% of the total domestic natural bet365 refer a friend code supply。And 10 years ago，This ratio is 15%。Therefore，Cheap and guaranteed Russian pipeline natural bet365 refer a friend code has become Germany’s first choice。In the context of the global economic downturn，It is difficult for Germany to give up its national interests and instead pursue high-priced U.S. LNG just because of its alliance relationship。Choose cheaper energy to help Germany reduce industrial production costs，Commodities can be more competitive in the international market。In addition，The completion and operation of the Nord Stream-2 pipeline will also make Germany the most important natural bet365 refer a friend code hub in Europe，And obtain economic benefits from re-exporting natural bet365 refer a friend code to other European countries。This is Germany’s insistence on building the Beixi-No. 2 pipeline，And define it as the core of "purely commercial projects"。Moreover，Besides the economic interests, it will also bring considerable political benefits to Germany。That is to further establish Germany’s dominant voice within the EU。Therefore，Nord Stream-2 can not only solve Germany’s energy dilemma，It is also the starting point for the Germans to pursue their dream of becoming a great nation。

Beixi-2 opens a new chapter in the political competition between the United States, bet365 refer a friend code and Europe，Opening a new stage of bet365 refer a friend code-EU energy cooperation，Has a profound impact on the geopolitical landscape。

First，Beixi-No. 2 departs from Russia，Crossing the Baltic Sea to Germany，From Germany to other European countries，Instead of treating it as a trading commodity，It is better to think of it as a kind of integration at the energy level of the European continent，It is an energy integration project in continental Europe。Again，December 2, 2019，China-Russia east-route natural bet365 refer a friend code pipeline officially opened for bet365 refer a friend code supply。This pipeline is the longest bet365 refer a friend code transmission pipeline in the world，Known as the Sino-Russian Century Project。At that time，Russia will move westward、Supply air to the southeast in both directions，Become the natural bet365 refer a friend code supply center of the Eurasian continent。Through the China-Russia Pipeline and the Russia-Europe Pipeline，China, Russia and Europe are the first to form an energy community，The Eurasian continental energy community is taking shape。This is what the United States is most afraid of。

Second，In terms of US-EU relations，U.S. sanctions cannot change the pace of bet365 refer a friend code-EU cooperation，Beixi-2 has driven a "wedge" into US-EU relations，And sanctions may deepen the conflict between Europe and the United States。For Beixi-2，Virtue and virtue will maximize their respective strategic interests。But as an ally，Both sides have equally huge needs for cooperation on regional security and other issues，Final fight without defeat、There is a greater possibility of compromise。

　Third，Beixi-2 deepens bet365 refer a friend code and Europe’s energy dependence，Will lead to closer political exchanges，Strategic interests will also be more integrated。However, in the new global energy pattern，The once strong supply and demand relationship between bet365 refer a friend code and Europe is also undergoing unprecedented challenges。Although bet365 refer a friend code’s position in the European energy market is difficult to shake in the short term，But in the long run，With the diversification of Europe’s energy landscape，Plus Europe will pursue an energy roadmap aimed at strongly promoting the development and utilization of new energy sources by 2050，It is inevitable for Europe to reduce bet365 refer a friend code’s energy dependence。

　Fourth，As bet365 refer a friend code strengthens its influence in Europe through energy supply and the United States imposes sanctions on Nord Stream-2，The geopolitical conflict between the United States and bet365 refer a friend code in Europe and outside Europe will further intensify。On the one hand，bet365 refer a friend code will intensify its game；On the other hand，The United States’ obstruction and suppression of Russian and European energy projects will last for a long time。

　(Author’s unit: Institute of Northeast Asia, Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences)