After the disintegration of the Soviet Union，Russian literature quickly enters the postmodern narrative stage，This postmodernist literature is based on its magic、Fragmentation、A new features such as absurdity become the "main tide" of contemporary Russian literature。This post -modern boom almost covers another tendency，This is the realist potential we want to say。Some people call this phenomenon in the Russian literature community as "regression"。

But my understanding is，The realist creation of Russian literature has not been interrupted，It's just at a low tide during postmodernism。Realism literature is different from modern、Pioneer literature named post -modern，It is due to its attention to the specific survival situation of people，That is the effect of changes in the conditions of the specific reality on the survival of people。Literature provided to people in addition to thinking about abstract human nature，I also shoulder the responsibility for building real -time mirrors for humans。After the disintegration of the Soviet Union until today，Russia has always been in a difficult transformation period，So，People in the novel form of modernist literature in the future look at their own situation，It is also urgent to see the artistic reflection of the current reality from literature，To dissolve this in sex anxiety。This universal social psychology is the root cause of Russian literary realist realism.。

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First of all, we must be a little more clear，The Russian literature after the disintegration of the Soviet Union is not the absolute dominance of modernism in the future。Like the postmodernist literature of the Western world，Since the beginning of it，Enter the crisis stage at the same time。This is related to the mechanism of postmodernist literature itself。Because the basic function of literature is "meaning acquisition"，Aesthetic activity is a special way for the pursuit of human significance，For this，If postmodernist literature just blindly eliminate the meaning，Then it can only provide a short form of shock。So，In Russia，Almost at the same time as the prosperity of postmodernism，It is the question of postmodernist literature。

If the earliest critic of postmodernist literature, Frequnar Norwokov，Since the mid -1990s, we have been writing articles，Express the disappointment of postmodernist literature。He thinks，The criticism world should not be sold bet365 best casino games again after modernism，This is not in line with the development trend of Russian literature，If there is some kind of literature that is different from realism，That is just "post -modernism"，"postmodernism" after modernism。3151_3185，It is a certain return to the old starting point。... If there is some so -called postmodernism，That is to say，Some people have appeared，They found a new way，How to return the old form of inspiration to grasp yourself and surrounding reality。”

The reason for the postmodernist literature crisis is a variety of diverse，If emotional lack、Lack of real care, etc.。Another important reason is that since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the nostalgic complex in the entire Russian society。This complex is due to dissatisfaction with reality，It is also a continuation of social psychological fixing。In the field of literature，It reflects the mentality caused by the long -term impact of socialist realism creation，If you are concerned about reality、Chasing heroism、expectations of idealism, etc.。The rapid arrival of the postmodernist era，Make people holding this mentality have a huge sense of loss。If the critic II Rodnenana Kia sighed many times，That kind of pursuit of truth、The art of rebuilding the sacred space in the world has disappeared，and real art，First is the art of restoring the sacred ethics，Followed by the art of maintaining beautiful human nature，The so -called "art of the new era" with the disintegration of the Soviet Union has deviated from this art principle。

It is under this background，Some scholars have proposed the idea of ​​going out of postmodernism。If the famous Dharisevsky Research Expert Ka Ste Pananan proposes the concept of "new realism"。He proposed in 1992，The ending of the so -called postmodernism is to turn to realism，Although this is no longer the old realism of the Soviet Union，But it is the organic integration of realism and postmodernist art。He said, "I said new realism，refers to this creation，Its author believes that higher spirit is really a real existence，And attract readers to pay attention to these spirit (rather than their beliefs) as their own goals。"Obviously，Stepa Nonan is the concept of "more realism in the higher sense" concept of "higher sense" to new realist literature.，Its purpose is to make new Russian literature and classic Russian literature represented by new Russian literature and Dandevsky，So as to create the glory of Russian literature。

　　The continuation of realist art strategy

　　Critics Legeerman once pointed out，There has always been a phenomenon in Russia's 20th century literary creation，The tendency of the peak period has not completely withdrawn from the historical stage，Instead of continuing to exist in different ways，and sparks from time to time。Even in the creation of those master -level writers，You can also see，On the one hand, it is the coexistence of different art strategies，On the other hand, in terms of historical development，New method to return to the old method，These all indicate the unfinishedness of the evolution of art form、Uncertainty of art acceptance rules，and the possibility of returning to the abandoned background。Good，The evolution of social form will bring changes in artistic strategy，But this change will not be a "logical mutation"，but only the occurrence of new strategies under the leadership of the old strategy。As a result，In the Russian contemporary society that is still in the transformation，People may be more concerned about the so -called abstract、Eternal proposition，Instead of personal dilemma。

So，In the poetic form of contemporary Russian literature，Always maintain a clear reality direction。Post -modernist works are used in space narrative，The specificity of the peacekeeping history of time to dissolve time，If everyone is familiar with Sorokin's "Blue Oil" (1999)、"T" (2009), etc.。In the realist works in the new era，The specific meaning of social reality becomes a real scene of character activities，Therefore, the impact of meaning demands to the changes in historical conditions on the existence of people。This includes two real narratives，One is reflection on historical events，One is a reveal of the situation of real tragedy。

For the past ten years，Many works of historical themes have appeared，Affairs is broad。such as "Winter Road" (2015)。The novel reproduces the story that happened in the extremely cold zone during the civil war of the 20th century.。The protagonist Pepeliayev is the general of the Gorkyk forces，Because Yan Dong failed in the battle with the Red Army in 1919，Forced to escape from his family to Harbin, China。He has been looking for opportunities to return to China，and returned to Siberia in 1922，Establishing Volunteer Forces，Continue to fight with the Red Army forces that just established a regime in the Yakut area，In the historically, the famous Yakuska fox meadow was defeated again，Finally surrender to the Red Army。In the trial held the following year，He was sentenced to death。But the Red Army General Strod, who has achieved great achievements in the Yakut incident, begged for Pepeliaye，In the end, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison，And St Rord was later charged because of the softestness of the Bai Jun's residue.，It was executed for being charged Bet365 app download as Trotsky in 1937。Follow it，Pepeliayev, who has already been released to be released, was also arrested。

This novel is written by a method of restoring the historical scene，When the civil war of a nation country occurs，People who were in a relatively stable integrated state，But you have to face new difficult choices。The writer places the characters under this complex historical condition，Come and find the changes in their way of survival and the pain of the soul，Try to find an ethical rule that provides reference for contemporary people's survival in this dilemma。Many comments noticed the cruelty of the special age reflected by the death of the two protagonists in the novel，But actually，The fundamental purpose of the real realist works is not looking back at that specific historical scene，Instead, it is found in that scene that people who can represent the soul of that era。So，As the aforementioned Ste Pananan said，The novel is to attract readers to pay attention to the "spiritual reality"，Following people's soul shock in the "highest reality"。In this sense,，"Winter Road" is a novel that pays tribute to "Quiet Don"。Reappear the situation of Galiguri on Pepeliayev，and on Strod，Reapped the situation of Benqic，Although their reality ending is different，But its spiritual experience has realized the docking of two eras。

This novel won the first place in the 2016 "Big Book Award"。The interesting thing is，The first place in the "Big Book Award" in 2007 and 2014 -Ulitzcia's "Translator Daniel Stein" and Purien's "Monastery" belong to this kind of historical retrospective novels。Ulitzcia's novel describes different ethnic groups that have been traumatized by World War II、The mental crisis that occurs after the war after the war，The final reveal of the novel is still a certain ideal spirit -out of hatred，The final reconciliation of the spirit。The novels of Pricerping described the story on the famous Solovyki Island of Russia in the 1920s in the 1920s，The end of dozens of characters and families in the old age、The changes in the wind and cloud experienced during the beginning of the new era、Bittering and Sadness，And who propose the problem of the suffering of life。This can be seen，Such historical narrative works can be called a while in the Russian literary world today。

Except for such historical reflection novels，More works involve changes in Russia's real society after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the impact of people's survival and soul。Rudari Polyov's "Unpopular Escape" (1999，Literal translation as "I have premeditated to escape")，Describes the protagonist Bashmakov's three escapes to the family in his life，This bet365 live casino games process has a clear sign of the times。The first time was "16 years ago"，At that time, he worked at the "Red Incident Youth League Committee"，This iconic name quickly positions the incident in the Brezhnev era。but obviously，It is almost impossible to escape any order at that time，So，His two escape attempts failed。The third escape described by the novel occurred in the period of social transformation after the disintegration of the Soviet Union，The iconic things of this era flashed in the novel，If an automatic withdrawal machine、French chips packaging bags、English prompts everywhere，In this background，"When the Chunfeng of the Reform is blowing up，Those who are persecuted by the old system are shaking out of the tentacles from all corners "，So，The opportunity of Bashmakov is finally coming，He started the plan that escaped again。But in the end he still failed，But this failure is not because the organization is not allowed，but the "escape" and "adherence" of social transformation to people caused by people。The change in the era is here，Makes everyone in the heart of the dead well began to recover，But this recovery is accompanied by fatal blindness，Because the transformation will inevitably bring a relative "chaos" state，So the escape from those who escaped and found that there was no clear escape target.。As described earlier，Realist literature is not just a certain specific event and situation，Instead, find a question with "typical" meaning in this situation。and "Wandal Escape" is exactly the spiritual difficulties of the era with the actuality of Bashmakov。

　　New retroism: Reappearance of Realist Propositions

　　When we are used to calling Russia's era in the past 30 years as the "post -Soviet" era，It already means the contact between this era and the Soviet era。Although postmodernist literature also deconstructs the Soviet Union in different forms in different forms，But the way of formation is scattered。So，Contemporary realist tendency literature has a serious responsibility for reflection，Its method is the reconstruction of the old art proposition，Critics and writer Mikhail Grubokov call it "new retroism"。

In this "new retro" movement，Maybe Polycov is the most eye -catching one。He has entered the literary world since the 1980s，and the reputation of "Wandal Escape"，Some people even call it "the youngest classic writer"，And has been a popular writer in the Russian literary world in the following 20 years，What he rely on is the reality narrative that is opposite to Sorokin。If the theory says it,，His novels make people see our real life。The so -called real life，It is not blindly dealt with reality with deconstruction bet365 Play online games means，Instead, it is found in a complex life that can represent the proposition that best represents the essence of survival。"Wine Escape" reveals the current situation of intellectuals in the transition period，Some people call Bashmakov as the "extra person" in the "post -Soviet" era，But the "extraness" on his body is the product of the "chaos" situation after the imperial disintegration。"Love in the Reform Period" (2015) still continues his thinking on intellectual propositions。If Bashmakov is an escape，So the protagonist of this novel Gina Skria Jing is a contemporary Duloa (the protagonist of Mo Pangsan's "Beautiful Friends")。His family of workers，Later, I read the famous journalism department of a university and entered the press。He learned how to survive from college to survive，Selling classmates in order to join a fellow organization "Cavaliers"。After he entered the media to work, he wrote an article for his own interests to slander political opponents，Even using love in his life to trade，Abandoned lovers who love him deeply，Marry a woman who doesn't love him at all，The purpose is to vote for the editor -in -chief of the newspaper，Then take the opportunity to replace it。He succeeded，But in the end it died inexplicably，Just at the seam of the sixth edition of the newspaper。

Perhaps the understanding of characters such as Syria Beijing can be compared with another realist writer Vallamov's novel "My Baby Pavil" (2018).。The novel describes the psychological state of the Soviet college students in the 1980s with a white description method。The protagonist Pao Nippobo Miluyev spent his childhood and adolescents in a closed town away from the capital，As a result, a simple trust in the organization。But when he entered Moscow University to study，I found that this world is changing。Under the "teachings" of his senior classmates，vision has changed，Under this vision，The familiar country life and the unfamiliar life of the city have caught him into a contradictory psychological state。But the novel does not extend the stroke to the harsh reality of the Soviet Union's disintegration，but staying at the end of the "innocence" era，and Pavil finally believed，No matter what，He will not betray his ideals。But the question is，If this ideal encounter the situation of Syria Beijing，Is Pavier also choosing the road of Syria?

The so -called "new retroism" writing，There is also a "rewriting" of the old theme。Roman Xianqin's novel "Flood Relief Area" (2015), who won the 2016 "Big Book Award", is generally considered to be a work that pays tribute to Las Pukin's "Farewell to Matsu" (1976)。Las Punjin's novels generally live on Russia'bet365 Play online games s "soil" writing traditional chain，It expresses the attachment to the homeland of people as a symbol of a beautiful life，expectations for the new life in the future，The overall style of the novel still has idealized color。The novel of Xianqin is more focused on describing the breaks of the era of the times on the survival of people and the soul.，More focused on showing a certain decline scene and a crisis of the soul。The farewell of Las Punjin is accompanied by new hope，The "farewell" in the first pen contains desperate hostility。"Farewell to the Martha" old lady Dalia bid farewell to her hometown，and Natalia in "Flood Live Area" ushered in her death at the beginning of the novel; the farmers in "Farewell to Magrara" finally moved to a new residence that the country created for them，and farmers in "Flood Destrey" are driven away from the homeland by violent demolition，and the novels also moved to the narrow building in the city to mean the isolation of life。All of this shows the heavier thinking of realistic novels in the new period。that is，What kind of society will the Russians in the new era usher in? If the persistence of ancestors becomes impossible，So，How will the new life be rebuilt? This is not only the question of the contemporary realist literature of Russia to answer，but a severe problem faced by the entire Russian people。