Realism、Liberalism and constructivism are the main paradigms of Western Bet365 lotto review relations theory，In modern Bet365 lotto review political practice，All three paradigms have their shortcomings。Realism is based on the history of Bet365 lotto review politics before World War II，Analysis of the decisive role of power in Bet365 lotto review interests and state relations，But the subject’s enthusiasm and interactivity are ignored。Realism focuses on mutation and ignores quantitative change，Essentially a static analysis。Liberalism is based on natural law norms，will be equal、Freedom and other modern values ​​extend to the Bet365 lotto review field，The disadvantage is that it ignores the diverse realities of the world。Under extreme values，Certain countries often exercise hegemony in the name of liberalism。Constructivism emphasizes the interactivity and creativity of subjects in Bet365 lotto review activities，To some extent, it overcomes some of the disadvantages of both。But，Constructivism has not yet clarified norms and reality in theory、Morality and interests、The relationship between categories such as power and consent，So we can only discuss matters as they happen，It is difficult to propose a comprehensive explanatory framework。

The rise of Chinese civilization requires ideas with Chinese characteristics，Bet365 lotto review relations under the great changes unseen in a century also require Bet365 lotto review political theory with Eastern cultural genes。Strictly speaking，There were two traditions of diplomatic thought in ancient China。One is to govern the world，With morality、Value as core、Having the color of a civilized center，The “kingly” diplomacy hosted by the unified central government，It is embodied in the "Hua-Yi distinction" and "tributary politics"。Different from idealism，"Kingly" diplomacy emphasizes the supremacy of the central dynasty and the subordinate status of surrounding ethnic groups。The other is in troubled times，Reality、Profit as the core，Driven by the goal of unifying the world，“Hegemonic” realist diplomacy promoted by separatist regimes，It is embodied in the interest theory of politicians and the diplomatic practice of "vertical and horizontal manipulation"。Although "kingly" diplomacy emphasizes morality and legitimacy，But because it denies the equal status of Bet365 lotto review subjects，Therefore its practical significance is limited。In the tense situation of conflicts among nations，"Hegemonic" diplomacy through influence、Construction、Differentiation、Disintegrate and maintain interest relationships、Strategy to realize national interests，has great theoretical and methodological significance。

In recent years，Some scholars start from reinterpreting the Bet365 lotto review strategies of the Five Hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period，Believe that the actions of the Five Hegemons are not only based on practical considerations such as power and interests，There are also differences in Bet365 lotto review norms based on realistic factors、The shaping and reconstruction of Bet365 lotto review order。This implies a new Bet365 lotto review theoretical paradigm，That is the norm and reality、Morality and interests、Theoretical framework for the simultaneous use of power and consent。But，Just starting from the historical facts of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period is not enough to rise to the theoretical level。After Song and Ming Dynasty，The "debate of justice, profit, king and hegemony" within Confucianism theoretically takes over this topic。Two Song Dynasties，The debate between Neo-Confucianism and the study of meritorious service has become a main line in the internal development of Confucianism。Neo-Confucianism starts from the metaphysical principle of perfection，Conquer the world with the formula of "reason = sex"，And use the theory of "one principle is different" to derive "the principle of existence"、Principle politics of "eliminating human desires"。Obviously，This kind of objective idealist political logic serves authoritarian and centralized politics。The Confucian idea of ​​merit is tit for tat，Clearly put forward the principle of "doing justice and benefit"、Use both king and tyrant"，About bringing the principle of goodness back to the world，Full consideration of power、Profits and other realistic factors，In the power of harmony、Building a beautiful moral order based on interest relationships。

Actually，"Walking justice and benefit、The Confucian idea of ​​meritorious service and the use of both kings and hegemons has not been interrupted by the rise of Neo-Confucianism to official philosophy。In the context of Qi science in the Ming and Qing dynasties，Confucian merit thoughts continue and develop。From the early Ming Dynasty to the "two kings" of Qi science in the mid-Ming Dynasty，Gu Yanwu again in the late Ming Dynasty、Wang Fuzhi，And the development of practical learning in the Qing Dynasty。Confucian merit theory thoroughly criticized the objective idealism of Neo-Confucianism with the materialistic Qi theory，Point out that moral values ​​and normative orders are not generated from the top down，Not objective either、Previous、Absolutely、Holy，But value Bet365 lotto review based on objective reality、Social constructs of interests and other factors。

The origin of this traditional thought，Taking into account both normative and practical factors，Attach importance to culture、Consensus、Power、Benefits、Talent、The comprehensive strength formed by reputation and other factors，Emphasis on the constructive nature of Bet365 lotto review political order in the empirical world。

First，The Bet365 lotto review political order can only be formed through constructive activities based on realistic factors。Bet365 lotto review politics is essentially anarchic，Realism is undoubtedly correct on this point。But，Anarchic Bet365 lotto review politics also urgently needs a political order based on value principles。Unlike domestic political order where the sole public power has a monopoly on legitimate violence，This order can only be based on the active construction of advanced countries，Able to produce a "natural" and "inevitable" unified appearance and appearance，As if it can prove something abstract、Absolute normative principles。In Bet365 lotto review activities lacking supreme authority and sole monopoly on global violence，Bet365 lotto review politics repeatedly reminds people of objective reality，Whether domestic or Bet365 lotto review，Political order is not some kind of abstraction、The natural consequence of absolute normative principles，It is necessary to participate in the active construction of the subject。

Second，The actual comprehensive strength of a few countries has become an important basis for constructing an Bet365 lotto review order。Whether it is the "kingly way" of principled politics，It’s still the “tyranny” of real politics，The premise is to build an Bet365 lotto review political order。And this construction activity，It cannot be separated from the real power of a few countries。Of course，This kind of power condenses culture、Soft power such as ideas and military、Economy、A combination of dual factors of hard power such as talent。The disadvantage of traditional liberalism is that it ignores the hard power factor，Traditional realism ignores soft power factors。Only by combining the two factors，In order to fully understand the objective forces that build the Bet365 lotto review order。In addition，Diversity of demands in various countries、Under the influence of factors such as the free-rider problem，The Bet365 lotto review order in history was mainly advocated by a few countries，It is difficult for all members to be spontaneous、Natural、Bet365 lotto review order that is unanimously followed。

　Third，The constructed Bet365 lotto review order itself，It not only integrates the opinions of the vast majority of the Bet365 lotto review community，It is also the result of the comprehensive power of reality。We must admit，It has been difficult to achieve a unanimous Bet365 lotto review order at any time in history。The formation of Bet365 lotto review order is never just about morality、Normative factors of value，Or just power、Realistic factors of interests，It is the combined result of two factors。When normative factors unite most Bet365 lotto review actors，It must be transformed into relevant realistic factors，In order to implement a specific Bet365 lotto review order framework。And the realistic factors cannot be simple、Perform long-lasting effects，Must be persuaded、Propagation、Soft power such as inspiration has gained the majority consent of the Bet365 lotto review community，Only then can an Bet365 lotto review order be truly formed。Actually，Even if the Bet365 lotto review politics is “hegemonic”，There are also normative factors。And if the dominant country always maintains the Bet365 lotto review order based on purely practical factors，I’m afraid it won’t be able to achieve long-term stable results，This is also the dilemma of today’s hegemonism。

　Fourth，The countries that construct the Bet365 lotto review order are themselves bound by the Bet365 lotto review order they construct。Confucian thought of justice and benefit has two levels，The first one is that the leading country constructs the Bet365 lotto review order with its realistic comprehensive strength；The second is that the leading country itself also follows Bet365 lotto review norms as an example，Thus effectively consolidating the Bet365 lotto review order。Obviously，The second level is the essence of the Confucian thought of justice and benefit。What is often overlooked in academia，The "Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period" themselves also followed the rules of the Zhou royal family as an example，This is about Duke Huan of Qi、Song Xianggong、Fully proven by many historical facts such as Duke Wen of Jin。From this perspective，Today’s “world police” often contradict moral requirements in their actions，I’m afraid it’s still far from the level of the “Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period”。Obviously，The Bet365 lotto review political order under the Confucian thought of justice and benefit，There are also converging Bet365 lotto review forces，Thus checking and balancing the function of the order builder itself。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of Bet365 lotto review Relations, Beijing Foreign Studies University)