Now，"Averse Globalization", "Anti -Globalization" or "End of Globalization" and other views have a wide range of markets in the global academic community。These views believe，Since the global financial crisis in 2008，A clear wave of adverse globalization has appeared in the world。The rise of Trumpism、Brexit、Development of trade and technical protectionism、Global Expansion of populism and nationalism，These are signs that come against the era of globalization。2017，American writer Stephen D. King published "The World is not flat: the end of globalization and the return of history"，The "end of history" marked by Fushan and the views of the "world is flat" claimed by Friedman are all outdated，Think that globalization has ended，History has returned。and as early as 2002，Scholars Harold James published the book "End of Globalization"，The wave of globalization that believes once is going to end。

Actually，If we slightly pull back to the end of the last century and the beginning of this century，can be found，At that time, there were many "end" theory views。For example，"End of Ideology" proposed by American scholar Daniel Bell，"The end of history" proposed by American scholar Fukuyama，The "End of the National State" proposed by Japanese scholars' former Research 1。These views also had a broad impact at the time。End of Globalization，It's just a kind of many end conclusions。The key to the problem is，What should we view these end conclusions，Especially the current globalization end conclusion。

Bet365 lotto review Actually，These end conclusions，It's just the trend of the world's development。In these end conclusions，No one becomes a reality。Take the "End of the National State" as an example，Not only does the nation state not end，And in today's world，sovereignty、Territory and other factors are more emphasized than any period of history。Similarly，Globalization is not end，It may have a tide in some fields，But it may be stronger in other areas。For example，Due to network、Digitalization and other technologies，Human communication has entered an era that is more global than ever before。

The real situation should be，The current trend is not the end of globalization，but iterated upgrade of globalization。Facing complex globalization，Not simply issue it to the end notice for it，Instead, you need to have a more comprehensive and broad field of vision。Specifically，The development trend of globalization from the following five aspects is very important。

　　Bet365 lotto review From the perspective of a long cycle，Globalization has developed sometimes，It is constantly updated and upgraded，No signs of the end of the end。Globalization and nation -state is a relationship of carrying with each other。European countries developed in the 17th century，Afterwards, it continues to expand to the entire world。According to Gadenus's point of view，Globalization is mainly a phenomenon of "space -time compression" and "time and space fusion"，That is, the local space -time can be associated with distant space -time instant.。If you understand globalization from this perspective，So，The advent of the era of globalization is basically after the 17th century，Telephone、Telegraph and other series of new communication tools as a sign。mid -20th century，Artificial Earth Satellite、TV and other inventions have further promoted the integration of global space -time。Since then，Network、Digitalization、Development of technologies such as artificial intelligence，Promote globalization into a new stage。From the perspective of long -term history，Globalization has never ended，Instead, it becomes more extensive and deeper step by step。

　　The second is to dialectically understand the development trend of globalization.Globalization and nation -state are often regarded as opposition，It is believed that globalization is the process of continuously breaking the national border of the nation and the integration of the entire world。So，At the end of the last century, the rapid development of globalization，The "End of the Nation State" appeared; when the current national country is increasingly strengthened，The discussion of "End of Globalization" appeared。But you must recognize，Globalization and nation -state are not just opposing relationships，The two are both symbiotic and contradictory relationships: on the one hand，Many factors and activities of the nation -state promote globalization。For example，Compared to traditional countries，National State in foreign relations based on sovereignty recognition as the basis，Establishing a closely related international relations。This is a phenomenon of political globalization。Another example，War between the country is the war between the nation and the country，But the impact of the war is not limited to the country of war，The price of oil brought by the war rises、Inflation、International Union and confrontation are all global。On the other hand，The development of globalization does bring heavy pressure to the nation -state。As Daniel Bell said，In the era of globalization，On the one hand, because of being too clumsy, the nation -state cannot make a flexible response to the changing globalization; on the other hand, it seems too small to deal with the big problems brought by globalization。

　　Third, understand the development trend of globalization from the perspective of level differences。Globalization and Localization are two synchronous development processes，A small event that happened at the local level，It can be instantly converted into a global event。Examples in this regard are endless。This means，The current phenomenon of inverse globalization must be examined from different levels。Globalization at the global level may have a certain degree of reversal，But the globalization at the local level may be strengthened。For example，War may exacerbate the division of the world politically，But it may be more strengthening unity between countries in the same camp。Due to the influence of Trumpist，Global economic and trade has developed a certain degree of reversal，But the economic and trade exchanges between the country or the region have been upgraded to some extent。For example，For nearly ten years，Economic and trade cooperation between the BRICS countries has been significantly strengthened; as China proposes the "Belt and Road" initiative，The economic and trade development between countries along the "Belt and Road" is obviously developed。

　　Fourth, understand the development trend of globalization from the perspective of different elements。Globalization is an economy、Politics、Culture、Process of composite elements such as technology，Each element is not promoted simultaneously in the process of globalization，Instead, it presents this one after another、The features of this elimination of the other。​​Take the current situation as an example，Since the global financial crisis，Trade protectionism obviously looks up，Come with each other is the ebb of economic globalization; due to the re -raising of nationalism，Political globalization has emerged，Former US President Trump even played the banner of "American first"。But in recent years, the factors that have been strengthened by globalization，For example, the globalization of the epidemic。New crown epidemic that swept the world，It is a real global phenomenon。In addition，Digitalized、Artificial Intelligence、Blockchain and other technology globalization has also reached a new height。

　　Five is to distinguish the development trend of globalization from the perspective of authenticity and nothing。What needs to be pointed out is，Adverse globalization is likely not the real choice of the people，but the results of political propaganda and political mobilization of the right party。For the current phenomenon of inverse globalization，Mainly there are two popular views: First, an explanation from the perspective of economics，It believes that globalization has increased the risk of the labor market，Leading increasing unemployment and intensifying social inequality，This leads to an intensification of anti -globalization of the middle and lower classes in society; the second is the explanation of the perspective of psychology，Think of globalization leads to international immigrants、Refugees, etc. quickly increased in a short time，Causes Culture in Western countries、Anxiety of identity and other aspects has significantly improved，to form a people’s anti -global psychological tendency。These views seem to have explanations on the surface，It is actually likely to be anti -facts。2021, Stefanie Walter at the Department of Political Science, Switzerland, a research results published in the "Annual Review of Political Sciences" indicate that，According to the international community survey project (ISSP) at 1995、2003 and 2013 survey data，The public does not actually have a significant attitude against globalization，Volkswagen is skeptical of some aspects of globalization，But holding a more positive attitude towards other aspects。Actually，The so -called anti -globalization that occurred in nearly ten years in the evening，More the results of the right -wing conservative parties on political propaganda and political mobilization of voters，The extensive anti -globalization mobilization and political campaign of these political parties at the social level，awakened the public's anti -globalization consciousness。This fact reminds us，The current anti -globalization phenomenon is likely not a real fact，but the results of political propaganda and political mobilization of right -wing political parties。

The above situation indicates，We need to carefully look at the current popular "anti -globalization", "anti -globalization" or "globalization end" point of view。To be exactly，Fully against globalization or anti -globalization wave is not exist，But the phenomenon of globalization is indeed more complicated than before。Facing this more and more complicated development trend，You need to start from a more composite angle，You must see both globalization in different periods、Different elements and changes at different levels，You must also realize the mechanism Bet365 app download and consequences of the anti -globalization mobilization of Western right -wing parties。

　　(Author Unit: School of Government Management of Nanjing University)