Political phenomenology as an increasingly concerned academic field，Discuss and clarify its theoretical base point has far -reaching significance for its development。In Contemporary Political Science，How to understand this question for a long time in a state of forgotten。and actually，The understanding of people itself is a basic political issue，It is also the theoretical base point of political phenomenology。

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Political phenomenology is the knowledge of exploring political phenomena。About political phenomena，People often understand it as political experience or political reality，and from this that the point of learning political phenomena is to analyze and standardize realistic political experience。Under this way of understanding，The theoretical base point of political phenomenology is political reality，Start with the acquisition and cognition of it，Experience analysis，Explanation of this、Evaluation or specification。But，Different from political science and other political philosophy genres，The important feature of the domain of political phenomena is，It not only cares about the manifest (real political experience)，Pay more attention to and explore the problem，How does political experience appear。consistent with the principle of general phenomenology，It is more concerned about "what" instead of "what" question。This question seeking to understand "how to appear" from the origin。

For political experience，When we are seeking it, how can it appear，First of all, you need to clarify Bet365 app download where the root of this manifestation is。For this，Contemporary political philosophy and science generally focus on culture、System or behavior interpretation，But often forgot to people itself -although the ideological perspective of political scientists always contains some kind of understanding of people。In fact，Bet365 lotto review In terms of understanding of people (potential or present)，Different methods will make writers write and construct political ideas with significant theoretical forms。For this，The uniqueness of political phenomenology is，Its understanding of people hangs two mainstream methods: metaphysical and naturalism，and follow the basic spirit and principles of phenomenology，In a new、Thinking about people itself in a wider field of vision。It is based on this theoretical fulcrum，What is true、Political experience of the source at the beginning of the source，Political phenomenology presents different understanding methods from other political ideological genres。

　　Politics and people: understanding of traditional political philosophy

Generally speaking，Western traditional political philosophy is mainly based on metaphysical ideological ways。Bet365 lotto review In terms of understanding of politics，Emphasizing the truth about political life，I believe that human affairs should follow the truth of the first place。Here，Political action is considered to be restricted or restricted。Traditional political philosophy's understanding of politics is associated with metaphysical thinking methods。

Traditionally metaphysics aims to seek "one" from "more"，That is, on the appearance of complicated and diverse things，Explore the only source or essence of them。Here，"One" is here，It generates "Duo"，Is the latter's basis，Make it possible to exist。Bet365 lotto review In terms of understanding of people，Metaphysics also expand in this way，I believe that people have some characteristics or essence，It is the reason why people are human，It is owned by every different individual。This feature，Phase to make a regulation of people and their existence。So，French philosopher Sat pointed out，Traditional metaphysics is to think about people。In this tradition，A person appears as a class，Different individuals are attributed to this overall understanding。

Consistent with it，For traditional political philosophy，Political action has some essence，This essence is achieved in the purpose of action to achieve。Or believes，Under the essential effect，Intrained Actions always have or present some kind of purposefulness。So，Hannah Aren pointed out，In the tradition of school and school，The concept of leading political thought is the "means -purpose" category，Political activities are considered as a means to go to a pre -determined purpose。

Due to such political thinking，In traditional political philosophy，Politics is often interpreted or manifested as a ruling activity，It is believed that complicated human affairs must be guided and dominated by the essence of politics and absolute truth，From this obtaining a true political life，The essence of a person is also realized in it。Based on this，Action should also be controlled and dominated，and be able to see the nature or truth of action，It is often considered just a few or some people，He (of them) at least in one aspect。Its control and domination of action，Essentialness is a rule for the dominance of the field of human affairs。

You can see，In the ideological concept of traditional political philosophy，People have a certain essence bet365 live casino games and characteristics，This is the basis for human as a person。Based on this understanding，Political action can be specified，Because it is opened and expanded by people，and people can get defined in a class or concept。This is politics and people under the metaphysical thinking and position，Actually implying the attitude of naturalism，That is, understand and think of people from the perspective of natural objects or world existences。This is common with the way of thinking in modern natural science。

　Politics and people:Understanding of modern political science

Modern political science generally does not ask for essential questions，Two points that usually do not show political life and essence，Instead, it is inclined to suspend or negate politics and actions as its own innate basis。At the same time，It focuses on the analysis of political reality，Flows to find a solution or specification in experience，and highlight the new features on the understanding of action，Emphasize calculation、Statistics method and law、Discovery of the model。

Modern political sciences often try to obtain some laws about mobile experience through the statistics of the sample，Build a model on this basis，The explanation of political behavior is realized、Forecast and Guidance。This thinking is essentially naturalism，It explores political life as similar to studying natural things and natural phenomena，Think of accurate and rich data can help us understand political action。Here，People get lucky thinking in an analogy of natural objects。People’s political actions are often considered to be explained from the perspective of animal nature，So，"Stimulation -Reaction" has become an important theoretical path for researchers to bet365 live casino games discuss and interpret action。This is essentially thinking about "action" in a way of understanding "behavior"，The behavior response to the behavior caused by the stimulation of external or internal factors。Based on this，The essence of political life is to respond to people's needs，If the needs or stimulus factors change，The response to it will change with it。From this，Modern political science highlights the concept of predicting and guiding the occurrence and development of action。

　　Politics and people: understanding of political phenomenology

Different from traditional political philosophy and modern political sciences' understanding of politics and people，Political phenomenology follows the basic principles of "back to things itself"，strives to make it show itself in its own way。In Heidegger、Levinas、Michelle Henry and other phenomenology of phenomenology，The understanding of people hangs the position of metaphysical and naturalism，It aims to make people present，and from this to show the right dignity of people。In other words，Phenomenology does not preset a certain essence or characteristic，It refuses to think about people from the general and abstract way，I don’t think that people can truly understand in the sense of analogy natural objects。What it wants to reveal is those who are liberated from the bondage of school and naturalism，People here，Can't be defined from the class，but specific，and in the interconnection with non -natural objects rather than animal nature, itself。

Under the field of phenomenon，Politics is political life itself，Its essence is not to achieve some external purpose。Phenomenology is trying to emphasize，We have to face and understand it in a way to adapt to politics，so that it can bet365 best casino games appear itself。Here，Politics is not a tool or means -understand it from the means -purpose category，It is confusing it with things。Actually，It is itself a meaningful life and experience。This political concept is also closely related to the understanding of people itself。

In political phenomenology，People are specific，With its inner dignity。So，Political activities show the specificity of people，People present their own uniqueness，This is also the manifestation and guardianship of human dignity。In other words，Politics is the manifestation of themselves in mutual communication。This is the experience of friendship，It is also a meaningful life that has nothing to do with purpose considerations。So，Action is fundamentally free experience，It cannot be specified and foresee。

For the writing and research of political thought，Regarding the impact of people's own understanding and affected people's political understanding and concepts，Although this is often potential、Unconscious，But it is deep、Inner。Political phenomenology as a political philosophy，Its theoretical base point is also here，That is the understanding of people。The base point is not the starting point，Not the end，Support point with it，Political phenomenology The thinking and understanding of politics，One end leads to realistic political experience; the other end leads to the political experience of Yuanchu，Pind to freedom、Ethics and love。

　　(This article is the "Political Philosophy Research on" Love "Social Science Fund Youth Project of the Fujian Provincial Social Science Fund (FJ2021C014)、Fujian Middle -aged Teacher Education and Research Project "Mohist's" Against Love 'Thought and its contemporary conversion "(JAS21034) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism, Fujian Normal University)