Reviewing research on regionalism in bet365 refer a friend code from multiple perspectives
—— Comment on "Regional Cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code in the New Era—An Investigation in the Global Context"
September 15, 2022 09:50 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" September 15, 2022 Issue 2492 bet365 refer a friend code: Wang Shiming

The study of regionalism or regionalism has achieved considerable results in European and American circles,The regionalism of bet365 refer a friend code is also under concern。In recent years,Regionalism research is becoming increasingly popular in the country。In this atmosphere,Regional cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code has naturally become an important part of research on bet365 refer a friend code,The successive publication of relevant research results has increased the academic community’s understanding of this problem that has long been on the edge of modernization and globalization、Awareness of regions at the end of global value chains and supply chains。Recently published by Current Affairs Press、The book "Regional Cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code in the New Era - An Investigation in the Global Context" written by Chen Xiaochen, deputy director of the Institute of Country and Regional Studies, School of Foreign Languages, East China Normal University, is a strong evidence of this。

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Currently,Systematicity and comprehensiveness seem to have become the common language for evaluating research results,Sometimes it is even regarded as an innovative path or point of innovation。But frankly,For many research results,The so-called systematicness and comprehensiveness is actually a false proposition。Because systematicity and comprehensiveness have often become synonymous with "borrowingism",That is, putting together the existing research "pieces",At most, it just plays the role of a "porter"。But the systematicness and comprehensiveness of the book left a refreshing impression on readers。This book not only defines and explains concepts related to regionalism,And the cooperation process in the bet365 refer a friend code is clearly divided into four stages,The colonial period (1947-1971)、Localization period (1971-1991)、The post-Cold War period (around 1991-2009) and the deepening period of global governance since 2009;Not only enumerates the reform or transformation of old cooperative institutions in this area,Such as the review of the "Pacific Plan"、Reforms of the Pacific Islands Forum, etc.,And put a lot of emphasis on the creation of new regional mechanisms,such as the Pacific Islands Development Forum、Pacific Group of Small Island Developing States、Institutionalization of the Parties to the Nauru Agreement、Office of the Chief Trade Counsel;Not only describes the multi-level mechanism for regional cooperation next time,And focused on analyzing the importance of climate change, an important agenda for regional and sub-regional cooperation。This research framework or research idea combines the history and reality of cooperation in the region、Mechanisms and measures、Process and prospects、Experiences and lessons are presented more completely。In addition,The research in this book is not only systematic and comprehensive,There are also highlights in the attention and analysis of the following important issues。

First,Fully define the South Pacific region。The primary issue facing regional cooperation is the division or definition of regional scope,For Europe、Africa、Latin America、For South Asia,This is not a problem,Because there is little dispute over their geographical divisions。The situation in the South Pacific is more complicated,Not only are there many islands、Scattered layout,And there are many maritime exclusive economic zones,The political attributes of islands are relatively diverse。A concept now commonly used in academia or politics is the South Pacific region、South Pacific Islands Region、Pacific Islands (or island countries) regions, etc.,Brings many difficult-to-determine factors to the division or definition of this area。The author has full knowledge of this,And adopts broad and narrow division methods。"The broad South Pacific region is used to refer to the current Pacific Community except France、United States、The natural and social space and the constructed political and economic system composed of 22 island political entities in the four original sovereign states of Australia and New Zealand。In this sense,It has the same denotation as 'Pacific Islands'。The extension of the South Pacific region in a narrow sense is the 14 island countries that currently have sovereignty in the Pacific Islands Forum。In this sense,It has the same extension as the bet365 refer a friend code。”Even so,The author also leaves a little room for his own definition,"In reality,There are complexities in the concept of the South Pacific region,includes ductility、Multiplicity and plasticity,The boundaries are constantly changing。Therefore,We must put the South Pacific region in theory、Comprehensive definition in history and reality”。

Secondly,In-depth analysis of the evolution and reasons of regional cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code。After World War II,Regional cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code shows a continuous development trend,And localized、Islandization、The issue-oriented phenomenon is becoming increasingly obvious。Then,Why an island country that is not favored has made remarkable progress in regional cooperation?In the author’s opinion,There are three reasons worthy of attention。First, the island nation’s increasing awareness of independence and autonomy。This comes from the South bet365 refer a friend code’ dissatisfaction with the working mechanism and efficiency of the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat、You can get a glimpse of the criticism of many provisions of the "Pacific Plan"。The second is the emergence of a new paradigm for global issue governance。Since 2008,Global Economic Finance and Development Governance、Global climate governance and global ocean governance have become three key issues in global governance,These issues, especially the last two, are closely related to the vital interests of bet365 refer a friend code。Global governance has shown three major development trends in terms of mechanism-small groupization、Democracy and networking,These three major trends will help bet365 refer a friend code gain a certain discourse space in the global governance process,Thus improving its gaming capabilities in the process of regional cooperation。The third is changes in the geopolitical environment。Changes in the geopolitical environment, especially the intervention of foreign powers, have expanded the international choice space of bet365 refer a friend code,Enables bet365 refer a friend code to “borrow”,Especially when one (or a group of) great powers are used as bargaining chips to play games with another (or a group of) great powers,Enhance the right of bet365 refer a friend code to make independent choices in regional affairs。

Finally,Comprehensive review of the path to realize regionalism in bet365 refer a friend code。First, reform mechanism。This is prominently reflected in the replacement of the "Pacific Plan" with the "Pacific Regionalism Framework",Compared to the latter,The former focuses on political consultation、Emphasis on inclusivity and shifting decision-making paradigms。The second is to create a new system。Reform of the old system cannot solve some new problems that arise in regional cooperation,Creating a new system is inevitable。A notable feature of the new regional cooperation mechanism is that it excludes Australia, New Zealand and major foreign powers,This is a fundamental pursuit of regional cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code。The establishment and operation of the new regional mechanism is to fundamentally address the sustainable development challenges faced by bet365 refer a friend code。Of course the author admits it,The new regional mechanism does not replace the original regional organization network,Because it is unrealistic to fundamentally subvert the original regional order。The third is to control the right to set issues。Using the “Blue Pacific” initiative as a “new narrative” of regional identity,Focus on climate change、Fisheries、Sustainable development,This is a sign that Pacific regionalism has entered a new stage。Fourth, remain open to sub-regionalism。Due to sub-regional identity and dissatisfaction with the Pacific Islands Forum mechanism,Some sub-regional cooperation groups or cooperation mechanisms have emerged in this region。For the relationship between these sub-regional cooperation mechanisms and regional cooperation mechanisms,The author clearly stated,Between sub-regional mechanisms、The sub-regional mechanism and the overall regionalism of bet365 refer a friend code are not necessarily separated from each other,But nested within each other、Mutual promotion。This dialectical analysis is pertinent。

Examining regional cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code in the new era from a global context is a very ambitious study,Because of this,There are inevitably some issues in this book that are questionable。For example,In the conclusion part,The author talks about the local perspective、Comparative perspective、Global perspective and Chinese perspective are several important research perspectives to expand research on the South Pacific region in the future。In explaining the Chinese perspective,The author mentioned the importance of jointly building the “Belt and Road” to China-Pacific relations,But regarding the relationship between this multilateralist path and Pacific regionalism,The author did not explain it well。Actually,This is an important topic in studying regional cooperation among bet365 refer a friend code in the new era。Different from some countries’ so-called “backyard” awareness and pursuit of hegemonic interests, which have a negative impact on regional cooperation,China’s diplomatic principles、Diplomatic concepts and traditions determine that cooperation between China and the Pacific is a mutually beneficial cooperation based on equality,This cooperation model is an important boost for the stable and long-term cooperation of bet365 refer a friend code。Also,The author treats Australia and New Zealand as suzerains of some island countries or island territories in the book,There seems to be something wrong with this statement。Because the sovereign state is usually understood in a colonial context,It is impossible to understand the connotation and extension of the concept of suzerainty without this context。For example, before independence, Papua New Guinea was a mandate colony of Australia,The Cook Islands before self-government、Niue was once a territory of New Zealand,This is a fact;But another historical fact should not be forgotten,That is, before they are managed or become territories,They are all British colonies or protectorates,Later, the British "transferred" this status due to various reasons。Tracing to the source,The sovereign state of the Commonwealth, Dominion or Dependency in this area is undoubtedly the United Kingdom,Not Australia and New Zealand。

 (Author’s affiliation: School of Social bet365 refer a friend code and Public Administration, Suzhou University of Science and Technology)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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