Since the end of World War II，British foreign policy has gone through three development stages。The first stage was the "Three Ring" diplomatic phase from 1945-1972。During this period，Britain is facing beauty、The three stress of the Su and the colony，Make a decision to build Britain as a overlapping center for three groups。The second stage is 1972-2016 with British and American relations、British and European relations are the "two ring" diplomatic stages at the core，It is also metaphorized by former British Prime Minister Blair to "bridge" diplomacy。The third stage is the "Global UK" stage from 2016 to the present，It is designed to seek independent political and economic foreign policy，Re -define its own interests and demands。

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In the "Three Ring" diplomatic stages，Britain mainly obtains security through British and American relations，Fighting the Soviet Union; the political impact on the European continent through British relations and obtaining economic benefits; maintaining a historical bond through the British Federal Relations，Give play to soft power。Designer of Diplomacy in the "Three Rings"、Former British Prime Minister Churchill, it seems，These three groups of relations not only have no contradictions，Instead, it enhances each other。For example，The development of British -American relations can enhance the political and economic impact of bet365 Play online games Britain on European countries，Therefore, the development of British and European relations is driven; and the development of British and European relations has made Britain the indispensable "bridgehead" for British Federal countries to enter the European market，Deepen the development of the Commonwealth relations，But "Three Ring" diplomacy has only maintained less than 20 years in practice。

Starting in the 1960s，The UK proposed a "bridge" foreign policy in the case of "three rings" diplomacy.。First, the rapidly declining economic and military strength of the United Kingdom makes it unable to maintain close contact with the former colonial country，Coupled with the wave of global anti -colonialism，As a result, the status of Britain in the United Kingdom is reduced。Second, the integration process of the European continent is developing rapidly，"Common Market" flourish，Quickly transforming European countries into the main trading partner of the United Kingdom。This situation of "Ou Shengbang" has led to the British after repeatedly weighing，Decided to abandon the idea of ​​close contact with the original Federal countries，Instead of participating in European integration process。

Although the British foreign policy abandons the British Federal Ring in the "Three Rings"、Instead of creating its "bridge" character with British and American and British relations as the pillar，But from the perspective of mainstream British politicians，This choice not only does not reduce Britain's global influence，Instead, it strengthens Britain’s global status。The core idea of ​​"Bridge" diplomacy continues Churchill'bet365 Play online games s thinking: Britain is an important channel for the United States to try to influence the European community (the European Union)，and the European Union (EU) countries want to deal with the United States，Can express opinions with this important channel in the UK、Give full play。So，During 1973-2016，The British self -self -consuming with "bridge" seems to be the "translator" and "loudspeaker" expressed between Washington and Brussels。

But，Since 2000，British "bridge" diplomacy began to encounter multiple challenges，So that British scholars call the British "bridge" diplomacy "collapse"。One is the use of force。2003，The differences in the Iraq problem in the United States and Europe are getting bigger and bigger，The United States' unilateralist operation against Iraq's unilateralist operations eventually led to "cross -Atlantic division" between the United States and Europe，and Britain follow the United States，It made Europe see the essence of Britain as the "small followers" in the United States。Second, the political leader replace it。With the then German Prime Minister Merkel and US President Barack Obama,，Try to ease the relationship between the United States and Europe。At this time，Collaboration between the United States and Germany is getting more and more tight，Germany replaces Britain to become the momentum of the United States that affects European special channels。Germany seems to be becoming a "bridge" between the United States and Europe。Third is the economic crisis。Starting from 2008，The United States and Europe are increasingly affected by the global financial crisis。European countries Bet365 app download try to seek help from the United States，But the British self -care，It has not played a "special role" in the aspects of fighting for the United States.。

But，Multiple challenges in the face of British "bridge" diplomacy，British leaders have failed to successfully stabilize the general direction of British foreign policy、Properly cope with the various challenges facing Britain at that time。On the contrary，Britain gradually embark on the "Brexit" road。The global financial crisis starting in 2008 has greatly changed the views of the people of the United Kingdom on economic globalization。From the perspective of ordinary people，Economic globalization means that a few elites can benefit from the free flow of capital and trade，and most people have become the victims of these people's profits。This idea of ​​opposing economic globalization is quickly and the idea of ​​anti -immigrant has produced a co -play。In Poland、Romania、Bulgaria and other countries after joining the European Union，The member states of these EU expanded to the eastward expansion will soon send millions of Eastern European immigrants to the United Kingdom。From the eyes of the British，These immigrants make them decreased and worse on social welfare snow.。In this background，The then Prime Minister Cameron gave "Brexit" as a political issue to the people of the United Kingdom for referendum decision，The result of the referendum is the British withdrawing from the European Union。

　"Global Britain "'s proposal and development

The results of the "Brexit" referendum have caused great impact on British foreign policy。First, the "bridge" diplomacy that was originally pursued bet365 best casino games for nearly 40 years was no longer possible。Leaving the EU means that Britain will withdraw from the EU's economy、Diplomacy、Safety arrangement，Can't continue to act as a special channel for the United States to influence Europe。The second is that "Brexit" has caused a impression that the world has given the world，It seems that Britain is an anti -immigrant、Anti -globalization country。Third, the future and prospects of Britain after "Brexit" are full of uncertainty，Can't find your appropriate positioning。

In order to cope with the impact of foreign policy brought by "Brexit"，British leaders proposed that the third foreign policy phase after World War II- "British British"。"Global Britain", although it was created by former Prime Minister Brown，But was used by the then Conservative Prime Minister Teresa May System。Mei at the Conservative Party Annual Meeting held in October 2016，The first to propose to create the slogan of "Global Britain"。In her opinion，"After Brexit", although the UK cannot continue to act as a special channel for the United States to influence Europe，But there is a chance to play a global influence; "Brexit" will not cause British anti -globalization、The trend of anti -immigrant，On the contrary, it created the opportunity to "embrace the whole world"; the British prospects after "Brexit" are not dark miserably，Instead, it is possible to conclude a trade agreement with developing countries with rapid economic growth，Get economic opportunity。

Mei proposed "British Global"，The British government has gradually formulated foreign policies around "British Global"。This can be divided into two bet365 best casino games stages。First is the exploration phase of "British Britain" from 2016 to 2019。During this period，The British government concentrates on the negotiation of Britain and Europe on the "Brexit" affairs，"Global Britain" is manifested as the British government's tentatively established a closer trade with other countries、Security contact。In terms of trade，UK and the United States、China、Japan、Australia and other countries are trying to conduct negotiations on the Free Trade Agreement。In terms of safety，The UK actively participates in the "free navigation" and other activities led by the United States。Second, starting from 2020，"Global UK" enters the strategic stage。Although the UK has been seriously affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic since April 2020，But the Johnson government still released in March 2021 the "Global UK in the competition era: security、Defense、New National Security Strategy。This strategy refines the goal of Britain's pursuit of "Britain in the UK" into a strategic solution，Its goal is in the era when competitions in various countries are becoming increasingly fierce，Use science and technology to maintain strategic advantages、Shape the international order that will open in the future、Strengthen domestic and foreign security and defense，Construction of toughness at home and abroad。To achieve these goals，The British government will invest 188 billion pounds for military expenditure in the next 4 years、Package of 1.4 billion pounds to establish the "Global British Investment Fund" to attract outstanding scientific researchers worldwide to work in the bet365 live casino games UK。"Global Britain" can be achieved，Still to be observed。

(Author Unit: School of Political and Public Management of China University of Political Science and Law)