International specifications are important topics of international relations。The interesting thing is，Even in the same field、International specifications with basically similar properties，The effect of spreading is also significant。For example，Also attributable to the field of military reserve control，And the high degree of humanitarian disaster，Land mine specifications have been widely accepted and good obey，and the acceptance of small weapons specifications is significantly weakened.。As for why this is so，Deputy Researcher Huang Chao, an associate researcher at the Institute of Economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, tried，Answer this question that has theoretical and practical significance。

This book thinks，The spread of any specifications cannot be performed in the real vacuum of concept，​​All facing a standard environment for "high competition"，It is bound to face the intense contest of other specifications and interest cognition。In this environment，Standardized the persuasive strategy used by advocates is an important factor that leads to different international specifications.。The author is fixed as the core，Further segmentation of standards for persuasion is further fixed、Contact and promotion three categories。Fragmentation strategy refers to the meaning of regulating the initiator to give the topic a certain meaning，bet365 Play online games Construct a proper cognitive framework to promote the new specifications that will be spread，Including the diagnostic box fixed、Expected frames and other specific means。Contact Strategy refers to the cognitive framework of the issue of a frame，Specific advocates refute the opponent specifications that are relative to new specifications，Actively constructing new norms and the original origin of the international system、Contact between the widely accepted specifications，to form a broad resonance。Propaganda strategy refers to after the issue frame and standard contact，Choose a certain publicity method to promote the strategy of the target behavior to accept the specification。

Based on this，The author specifically proposed three research hypothesia，"When a subject of international norms is fixed as a humanitarian issue，It will spread more deeply ";" When an international norm and the original support of the original support specifications in the system，It will spread more deeply ";" When an international specification adopts a promotional strategy that stimulates human emotions，It will spread more deeply "。Back to the first example of the initial，Landmine specifications are fixed as urgent humanitarian issues because of the sensitivity of avoiding national security，Construction of contact with international humanitarian law and war law，A effective publicity strategy has been used to achieve extensive and in -depth communication。On the other hand, small weapons specifications，Small weapon issues are mainly set in the military reserve control framework，Pay less attention to the humanitarian consequences of small weapons，Failure to establish effective Bet365 lotto review contact with other support specifications，Propaganda discourse is too professional，It is difficult to generate the public’s emotional identity，The motivation that leads to standard dissemination is gradually lost。

In the classic research on international specifications，Finnimore thinks，"International Organization Education" is a dominant mechanism for international standardization in the system level，Cheks and others emphasized "cultural matching" and domestic political structure and other units.，And Achaia demonstrates the "localization" that affects international norms。But they all have "why the effects of international specifications in the same field are different".，Limited to power -based structure、Static interpretation of structural factors such as normative nature。Different from these studies，The book cuts in from the diffusion process, especially the dynamic framework of competition，Follow the negotiation process in the formation and development of international norms，Especially for the box fixed theory in the study of social movement，Break the traditional cognition that will be regarded as a stable structure，Focus on refining and exploring the various persuasion strategies used by advocates during the negotiation process，Display the specific practical mechanism of "strategic social construction"，Further promoted the research of international standardization of current constructivism。

At the same time，This book has a reference value for the detailed combing of the international communication process of international mines and small weapon specifications。For example，The author indicates in the book，For more than Bet365 lotto review ten years，Constructionist specification research program has changed。Traditional constructivism about "specification content and essence unchanged" is questioned，The "duality" and "dynamic" of specifications are emphasized，That is, the specification is no longer regarded as stable and unchanged，Instead, in the state of dynamics and constant changes，Therefore, the specification will have different meanings at different times and environment。So，The change of the specification itself，that is, the changes of specifications have begun to become the center of regulatory research。

Slightly regrettable is，This book is not fixed for the frame、How to connect and other discourse strategies affect the standard content and essential development for further discussion。Although the book's discussion on the persuasion strategy is based on standard arguments，But whether it is the theoretical framework or empirical analysis，To a large extent, it is still manifested as the "unicorn drama" that regulates advocates，I did not fully pay attention to the differences in different behaviors in the development of the concept of standardized concepts and the collision of all parties，Ignoring the initiative of being set as the recipient。Take "responsibility for protection" as an example，It is difficult to explain the changes between its early success and the obstruction of the later period，At the same time, it also ignored the important differences between the "Responsibility Responsibility" specifications identified by the United Nations and the "Intervention and the International International Committee of the National Sovereign"。Frame fixed、Contact and propaganda is not a patent for one party，How to understand bet365 best casino games the process and results of this interaction of each other，It will be an important direction that can be thoroughly studied in the future。The various strategies used by regulating advocates are actually closely related to discourse words，More detailed discourse analysis may make the cases of this book more in place。

Standardized communication strategy This topic，For a big country like China that is constantly incorporated into the international community and emphasizes adherence to its own characteristics，It has special and important significance。How to face many specifications、How to ensure that in the process of international norms, do not conflict with their own basic ideas and national interests，It is a major issue for Chinese diplomatic work。More importantly，The international system is experiencing a new round of profound changes and competition for international standards of discourse。China's political and economic strength and international status increase，and the effectiveness and legitimate crisis of the existing international norm system，It provides opportunities and space for China to play a greater role。World Trade Organization、International Monetary Fund Organization, all facing reconstruction and reform，China is actively promoting its concept、Opportunity window for shaping international rules。So，China wants to strengthen cooperation with the majority of developing countries，While actively responding to the spread of international specifications，Actively advocate and promote the spread of Chinese concepts and innovation of international norms。

Today，China is approaching the center of the world stage without unprecedented，New international concepts bet365 best casino games and initiatives such as "Community of Human Destiny", "New International Relations", "Global Development initiative", "Global Security Initiative"，Gradually opened the process of dissemination of external specifications。For example，The poverty governance scheme formed by China in the process of understanding and solving poverty problems、experience and system，will provide reference and reference for global poverty reduction governance。At the same time，The area of ​​the new topic is also Chinese participating in international specifications、Important direction to enhance the right to speak international。In the ocean、Polar、Network、outer empty、Anti -corruption、Climate Change、New topic areas represented by public health，International specifications are in a shaping period，Many systems and specifications are continuously created、During the formulation process。China wants to actively act in these fields，Constantly innovative ideas，Promoting the creation and communication of your own ideas in the field of new issues。How to implement the country's governance concept and value concept into international specifications，and promote the spread of these specifications，is to promote China's construction of a national soft power、An important aspect of further enhance institutional discourse rights，It is also an important topic for diplomacy with great country with Chinese characteristics in the new era，It is worth continuing to explore in -depth discussions。In short，This book helps us to further understand the power mechanism and role conditions of international standardized communication，It also helps to promote the academic community to further think about bet365 live casino games how to dominate China、Shape international norms and systems to provide intellectual support and solution selection，At the same time, it has made a certain contribution to the establishment of the theoretical innovation and independent knowledge system of international relations。

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(Author Unit: School of International Relations and Public Affairs of Fudan University)