Alan Mathison Turing，1912-1954)、Marvin Lee Minsky，1927-2016) and Donald Mickey (Donald Michie，1923-2007) and other pioneers，The artificial intelligence industry has blossomed fruit，Become an artificial intelligence revolution that swept the world today。Artificial intelligence is forming a challenge to the core field of human beings，Because it reveals that many of the work that humans work can also be completed by the machine，It is even better to complete。In the field of literature，Artificial intelligence also triggered a large earthquake，The latest generation of ChatGPT shows the imagination and creativity that is not weak than human beings，Even in response to human requirements，Create high -level literary works at a very fast speed。This can not help remind people of Debussy's famous saying: art works creation rules; rules do not create art works。So，How does artificial intelligence affect literary creation? What is the password it thinks and creation?

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Through interaction with art，Learn the difference between ordinary and great literary works，Can the machine learn literary creation，It is creative like we write a story for our children，Is a subject that writers and scientists have been exploring。

1953，Roald Dahl，1916-1990) In the short story collection "Tales of the UNEXPECTED"，tells the story of a "Great Automatic Spell Mage"。The protagonist Abu Knip is a computer genius，But I have always eager to become a writer。But，His efforts have no effect。Later he had an inspiration: language follow grammar rules，In principle, it is basically mathematics。With this understanding，He started to create a huge machine -a great automatic syntax analyzer，This machine can write novels with award -winning potential in 15 minutes according to the works of the writer。With this machine，Knip'bet365 best casino games s great success，Established a publishing company，As a legal institution of this new large -scale production literary works。The last step of his rule of publishing industry is to acquire the real author，Pay to make them stop writing。At the end of the story，narrator disclosure，"In all novels and stories published in English，More than half of them were created by Adoff Knip in a large automatic syntax "。

It is not fresh to generate literary works with algorithms。One of the earliest procedures for computer writing is developed for writing love letters。After the Ingma password was cracked in the Blacheli Park，Alan Turing to the University of Manchester，Put his thoughts into practice，The physical version of the manufacture of multi -purpose computers。Under his guidance，The Royal Society of the United Kingdom Calculating Lab soon produced the world's first commercial general electronic computer Frandi Mark 1，This computer has a romantic side，Just enter the word，It can generate love letters。The 1960s，Some French writers and mathematicians use algorithms to generate new writing texts，This group claims to be ulipo，means that the potential literature studio (OUVROIR de Littéral Potentielle)，One of the founders Raymond Queneau believes，constraint is an important part of creation，Blindly obey every impulse inspiration，Actually it is a slavery，and impose a quasi -math constraint through writing，It can achieve a new freedom。The early project of the group is concentrated in poetry。Anyone who has written poetry knows，The constraints of poetry often push it to the new expression。

As shown in the Ulipo Movement，Poetry creation is particularly suitable for algorithms。The constraint of the form of poetry provides a template，The algorithm can try to fill in a meaningful way。For example，After selecting the pattern of a sentence or a 14 -line poem，The task of the algorithm is to choose a word that matches the mode，At the same time, come up with a certain form of overall consistency。If the rhyme mode is used to write poems，The rhyme's word database is very useful。bet365 live casino games This is the code principle behind the control theory of control theory (CyberNetic Poet) created by future scholar Ray Kurzweil.。Kuzwell Train the Poet of Poets with a successful poet with Shelie and other accomplished poets。This control theory of poet's poet，It was written according to Jici's poetry: "You break my soul。/Eternal juice。/The spirit of my lips。"There is also a poem that combines Shirley's" West Wind "and Eliot's" Puflock's Love Song "style:" Ms. Ms.'s Existence。/you，From that day，I have to care about/now teach us completely small and creation。/then speculate? /and this，​​And me。/and the words that have not been spoken，The location of the unusual scene in the bay。/and the descendants of Michelangelo。"in the Turing test performed by Kuzwell，Control the theory of poems created by poets can deceive human referee most of the time，Poems written by humans。

The algorithm not only performs well in creative poetry，Try to create novels。Jean Lescure, a member of the Ulibo team, first produced the idea of ​​applying the algorithm to the existing literary works。This idea is the coder of the nation's novel creation month。They invited emerging writers to knock 50,000 words in a month。Software developers and artist Darius Kazmi immediately decided，Writing 1667 words every day instead of exhausting their thoughts，It is better to write a code that can generate 50,000 words of novels in this month。Kazmi published this idea on social platforms in 2013，Open the annual literary hacker marathon。Many coders participating in the national novel creation month are created by disrupting existing texts，If the Pride and Prejudice is filtered by Twitter; explained "Moby Dick" through the science fiction algorithm; ) "Ten Thousand Dreams" to explain and re -sort。But what attracted attention was a work called "The Seeker"。This novel records an algorithm by reading different articles on wikihow，To understand how human operations work。This algorithm has a meta code: work、Scan、Imagination、Repeated。In the working Bet365 lotto review mode，It searches the concept of human activities; in scanning mode，Search for pure text "memory" from the seed concepts encountered during work; then，It uses the concept that has not been recognized in the scan mode to imagine the "non -visual" around the concept of seeds。"Explorer" records the algorithm from ignorance to understanding when exploring the Wikihow database。The first page it checked was "How to let a girl go out"。The word "damage" was discovered from this scan，In "Imagination" mode，It produces a surreal rectification of "damage"。This is the ultimate goal of algorithm to generate literary works: let us understand a new consciousness (if it really appears)，and what is the difference between it and our human consciousness。So，At least conservative estimation can be conservative，Artificial intelligence has a certain distance from the great literary works created，But creative poetry、Best -selling business books is quite mature。

　Upgrade of artificial intelligence writing: style and freedom 

Most of the above examples depend on the top -down programming mode: according to a clear set of poetry templates that are randomly filled in; transform the classic text into the code of the new work;。These programs do not allow too much freedom。Machine learning is changing this。Now，The algorithm may take out the entire author’s entire work，Learn their writing methods。By establishing a probability diagram about how the author uses words，The algorithm can generate a continuation of a certain text。This is the working method of predictive text。

The idea of ​​using machine learning to create literary works has been a practice of group claiming to be BOTNIK。This group was founded by writer Jamie Brew and the former comic editor of "New Yorker" Bob Mankoff (Bob Mankoff) in 2016，Now is an open writer community。The group analyzes the mathematical analysis of the past dialogue，The script of "SEINFELD" produced a new episode，Even the seven -volume "Harry Potter" was rewritten experiment。The practice of this algorithm is: on the basis of existing text，Provide 18 words bet365 Play online games for you to choose。This gives the creator a great freedom，You can use your own imagination。Because this algorithm still needs human participation when creating text，And it can only make local changes on the basis of capturing the style of the writer，So，It is temporarily unable to replace the novel's human creator。

The algorithm of the story SCheherazade-IF was established in 2012，jointly developed by Mark Reidel and his colleagues at Georgia Institute of Technology。Its goal is to guide a more coherent path in a possible maze。The name of the algorithm comes from the Sudan bride Scheherazade，She will attract and disperse the attention of the husband who will be attracted and diverted by the night after night with the night.，thus saving your own life; IF represents "Interactive Fiction"。Another algorithm that succeeds in generating fairy tales is Propperwryte。Its fairy tale algorithm is based on the 31 narrative prototypes of Russian folk stories determined by structuralist Vladimir Propp to train。

　Chatgpt creative function and defects of artificial intelligence 

2022，American Artificial Intelligence Research Company Openai developed chat robot ChatGPT，represents the latest development of generating artificial intelligence。It works by chatting (dialogue)，That is, the user only needs to enter instructions on the ChatGPT interface，can be a question，A task，or casually chat。ChatGPT system analysis input instructions，Use machine learning algorithm to generate response，Then return to the user in the form of text，Users can enter the text again，Chatgpt system to analyze and respond again，This process can continue until the end of the conversation。It is based on the above characteristics，The emergence of ChatGPT has made many people worry that text producers are about to be eliminated。Chatgpt can write poems，can also create novels、script、Essay、Comments, etc.，Although the works created are slightly programmatic，But in general, it can still meet the creative specifications and requirements。

Recent，I specially invite friends who taught in British universities to Bet365 app download help test the creative function of ChatGPT。Example 1: Enter instructions for ChatGPT:、Jiang、Flower、month、Two things at night，Create a seven -character poem。The result is as follows: "The spring breeze gently blows the river bank，Flower Kai Sheng Showing Yuehan。The night is gradually thinking about it，Water flowing ripple dreams and dreams。"This poem is difficult to compare with the famous article" Spring River Flower Moon Night "by the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu，But at least in terms of form and charm, the characteristics of Tang poetry。Example 2: Enter instructions for ChatGPT: Please write a single -white Slypen style。The result is as follows: "Life is so short，I don’t know how long I can stay in this world。Maybe，I should be like a lonely bird，Flying to the distance，Go to find your own destination。but，I'm afraid of loneliness，I am afraid of being abandoned，I'm afraid to face that lonely night。Ah，Life is like a dream，Everything is illusory，But so real。I don’t know how to face this world，But I know，I must continue to move forward，Even if everything has been destroyed。"Is this a bit of Shakespeare?

but but，ChatGPT's creation is also defective，If you dependence on data resources、Create false information、Position prejudice, etc.。and ChatGPT human -computer interaction mode also determines that people are the party that actively ask questions，and the machine just generates the answer; the machine may mimics the natural language of human beings，But cannot generate human self and consciousness。The concept of self and consciousness is inseparable from human creativity。No self and consciousness，There is no creativity。means，Before the machine becomes conscious，It is just a tool to expand human creativity。Whether artificial intelligence finally becomes conscious，Really creative? Will its consciousness be the same as our consciousness?。

Perhaps，Human destiny will depend on the mutual understanding of its conscious machine。but，As Wittgenstein said，If a lion can speak，Bet365 lotto review We may not understand it，This is also applicable to machine。If they become conscious，Human beings are unlikely to understand。Final，will be their painting、Music、Novels and other creative outputs，Even their math，Let us have the opportunity to crack the password of the machine、Feel the feeling of the machine。

Current，All the creativity of the machine is initiated and driven by the human code。Except what we let them do，I didn’t see the machine to actively express myself。The creativity used by humans to imagine and innovate is the ability that artificial intelligence can never touch。And，We still need to see，At present, the power of human creation algorithms，In most cases, it is not a wish to create art creation，Instead, it is driven by the profit of the industry and the company。There are a lot of hype on artificial intelligence，There are exaggerated ingredients for its functions。

　(The author is "Edit of World Literature")