In Alan Mathison Turing，1912—1954）、Marvin Lee Minsky，1927-2016) and Donald Michie，1923-2007) and other pioneers，The artificial intelligence industry has blossomed and bore fruit，Become the artificial intelligence revolution sweeping the world today。Artificial intelligence is posing challenges to core areas of humankind，Because it reveals that many tasks performed by humans can also be performed brilliantly by machines，Even better。In the field of literature，Artificial intelligence also caused a major earthquake，The latest generation of ChatGPT shows imagination and creativity that are no weaker than humans，Even able to respond to human requests，Create high-level literary works at extremely fast speed。bet365 tennis bet reminds me of Debussy’s famous saying: The rules for creating works of art；Rules do not create works of art。Then，How artificial intelligence affects literary creation？What is the password for its thinking and creation？Can it compete with Shakespeare？

　Code for bet365 tennis bet writing

By interacting with art，Understand the difference between ordinary and great literary bet365 tennis bet，Can machines learn literary creation，Be creative like we write stories for children，is a topic that writers and scientists have been exploring。

　1953，Roald Dahl，1916-1990) in the short story collection Tales of the Unexpected，Tells the story of a "great automatic grammarian"。The protagonist Adolf Knipp is a computer genius，But I have always wanted to be a writer。However，His efforts were fruitless。Later he had an inspiration: language follows grammatical rules，Basically mathematical in principle。With bet365 tennis bet understanding，He set out to create a huge machine - the great automatic parser，bet365 tennis bet machine can write a potential award-winning novel based on the work of a living author in 15 minutes。With bet365 tennis bet machine，Knipp’s great success，And established a publishing company，As a legitimate institution for bet365 tennis bet new mass production of literature。His final step in dominating the publishing industry was to acquire real authors，And pay them not to write。The end of the story，Narrator reveals，"In all novels and stories published in English，More than half were created by Adolf Knipp on a large automatic grammar machine"。

Using algorithms to generate literary works is not new。One of the first programs written for computers was developed for writing love letters。After breaking the Ingmar code at Bletchley Park，Alan Turing goes to the University of Manchester，Putting his ideas into practice，Build a physical version of a multipurpose computer。Under his guidance，The Royal Society Computing Laboratory soon produced the world's first commercial general-purpose electronic computer, the Ferranti Mark 1，bet365 tennis bet computer has a romantic side，Just enter a random word，It can generate love letters。1960s，Some writers and mathematicians in France use algorithms to generate new writing texts，bet365 tennis bet group calls itself Oulipo，means Ouvroir de littérature potentielle，One of the founders, Raymond Queneau, thinks，Constraints are an important part of creation，Inspiration that blindly obeys every impulse，Actually a form of slavery，By imposing quasi-mathematical constraints on writing，A new kind of freedom can be achieved。The group’s early projects focused on poetry。Anyone who has written poetry knows bet365 tennis bet，Constraints on poetry tend to push it into new modes of expression。

As shown by Uliba motion，The way poetry creation is particularly suitable for algorithms。The constraints of poetic form provide a template，The algorithm can try to fill in a meaningful way。For example，After selecting Haiku or Sonnet mode，The task of the algorithm is to select words that match the pattern，Also come up with some form of overall consistency。If you use rhyming patterns to write poems，The database of rhyming words is very useful。bet365 tennis bet is the code behind the cybernetic poet created in the 1980s by futurist Ray Kurzweil。Kurzweil to Shelley and T. S.Works of accomplished poets such as Eliot to train cybernetic poets。bet365 tennis bet haiku from a cybernetic poet，Written based on Keats's poem: "You broke my soul。/Eternal Juice。/The spirit of my lips。"There is also a poem that combines the style of Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" and Eliot's "Prufrock's Love Song": "The Presence of the Autumn Lady。/you，From that day，Have to care/Now teach us the complete insignificance and creation。/Then speculate？/And bet365 tennis bet one，And me。/And the unspoken words，The location of the unread sight in the bay。/There are also descendants of Michelangelo。”In Kurzweil’s Turing Test，Poems written by cybernetic poets can fool human judges most of the time，Poetry written by pretending to be a human being。

Algorithms are not only good at creating poetry，Also tried to create novels。Jean Lescure, a member of Ulibaud’s team, first came up with the idea of ​​applying the algorithm to existing literature。bet365 tennis bet idea was brought to life by coders for National Novel Writing Month。They invite emerging writers to write 50,000 words in one month。Software developer and artist Darius Kazmi decided on the spot，Instead of working hard to write 1667 words every day，Why not write a code that can generate a 50,000-word novel bet365 tennis bet month。bet365 tennis bet idea posted by Kazmi on social platforms in 2013，Started the annual literary hackathon。Many coders participating in National Novel Writing Month create new text by scrambling existing text，Like filtering Pride and Prejudice through Twitter；Moby Dick explained through science fiction algorithms；Ten Thousand Dreams by Gustavus Hindman Miller interpreted and reordered through code。But what caught people's attention was a work called "The Seeker"。bet365 tennis bet novel documents an algorithm by reading different articles on wikiHow，To understand the process of how humans work。bet365 tennis bet algorithm has a meta-code: working、Scan、Imagine、Duplicate。In working mode，It searches for concepts related to human activities；In scan mode，It searches plain text "memories" from seed concepts encountered during work；Then，It uses concepts not recognized in the scan pattern to imagine the "non-visual" around the seed concept。"The Explorer" documents the algorithm's journey of discovery from ignorance to understanding as it explores the wikiHow database。The first page it looks at is "How to Get a Girl to Ask You Out"。The word "hurt" was found from bet365 tennis bet scan，In "Imagine" mode，It produces a surreal version of "hurt"。bet365 tennis bet is the ultimate goal of algorithmically generated literature: to inform us about an emerging consciousness (if it ever emerges)，And how it is different from our human consciousness。Therefore，At least it can be estimated conservatively，Artificial intelligence is still far away from creating great literary works，But writing poetry、The best-selling business books are quite mature。

　Upgrade of bet365 tennis bet writing: style and freedom

Most of the above examples rely on a top-down programming model: random poetry templates filled in according to a clear set of rules；Code that transforms classic texts into new works；Algorithms that turn data into stories through programming。These programs don’t actually allow much freedom。Machine learning is changing that。Now，It is possible for the algorithm to take out the entire work of an author，Learn how they write。By building a probability map of how the author uses words，The algorithm can generate a continuation of a certain text。bet365 tennis bet is how predictive text works。

bet365 tennis bet idea of ​​using machine learning to create literary works has been put into practice by a group calling themselves Botnik。bet365 tennis bet group was founded in 2016 by writer Jamie Brew and former comics editor Bob Mankoff of The New Yorker，Now an open community of writers。bet365 tennis bet group based on mathematical analysis of past conversations，New series developed from Seinfeld script，Even the seven-volume "Harry Potter" was rewritten as an experiment。The method of bet365 tennis bet algorithm is: based on the existing text，18 words are provided for you to choose。bet365 tennis bet gives the creator great freedom，You can use your imagination as you like。Because bet365 tennis bet algorithm still requires human involvement when creating text，And it can only make partial changes based on capturing the writer’s style，Therefore，It cannot yet replace the human creators of novels。

Storytelling Algorithm Scheherazade-IF was founded in 2012，Developed by Mark Riedel and his colleagues at Georgia Tech。Its goal is to steer a more coherent path through the maze of possible stories。The name of bet365 tennis bet algorithm comes from the Sudanese bride Scheherazade in "One Thousand and One Nights"，She attracts and distracts her murderous husband by coming up with new stories day and night，Thus saving his life；IF stands for "interactive fiction"。Another algorithm that has had success in generating fairy tales is PropperWryte。Its fairy tale algorithm is trained on the 31 narrative archetypes of Russian folktales identified by structuralist Vladimir Propp in 1928。

　ChatGPT creation function and bet365 tennis bet defects

2022，OpenAI, an American artificial intelligence research company, developed the chatbot ChatGPT，Represents the latest development of generative artificial intelligence。It works through chat (conversation)，That is, the user only needs to enter commands on the ChatGPT interface，Can be a question，A task，Or casual chat。ChatGPT system analyzes the input instructions，Using machine learning algorithms to generate responses，Then returned to the user as text，User can enter text again，ChatGPT system analyzes and responds again，bet365 tennis bet process can continue until the end of the conversation。It is based on the above characteristics，The emergence of ChatGPT has made many people worry that text producers will soon be eliminated。ChatGPT can write poetry，Can also create novels、Script、Essay、Comments etc.，Although the works created are slightly programmed，But generally it can still meet the creative specifications and requirements。

Recently，The author specifically asked friends who teach at British universities to help test the creation function of ChatGPT。Example 1: Enter the command for ChatGPT: Yichun、江、花、month、These five things of night，Create a seven-character poem。The result is as follows: "The spring breeze gently blows on the river bank，The flowers are blooming and the moon is cold。The night is getting deeper and deeper，Ripples of water and dreams。"Although bet365 tennis bet poem is difficult to compare with the famous poem "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" by Zhang Ruoxu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty，But at least it reflects the characteristics of Tang poetry in form and charm。Example 2: Enter the command into ChatGPT: Please write a Shakespeare-style monologue。The result is: "Life is so short，I don’t know how long I can stay in bet365 tennis bet world。Maybe，I should be like a lonely bird，Fly to the distance，To find your own destination。But，I’m afraid of being alone，I’m afraid of being abandoned，I’m afraid of facing that lonely night。Ah，Life is like a dream，Everything is illusion，But so real。I don’t know how to face bet365 tennis bet world，But I know，I must move on，Even if everything is destroyed。”Isn’t bet365 tennis bet a bit Shakespearean？

However，The creation of ChatGPT is also flawed，Such as dependence on data resources、Create false information、Positional bias, etc.。Furthermore, the human-computer interaction mode of ChatGPT also determines that people are the ones who take the initiative to ask questions，And the machine just generates the answer；Machines may be able to imitate human natural language，But bet365 tennis bet cannot generate human self and consciousness。The concepts of self and consciousness are inseparable from human creativity。No self and consciousness，There is no creativity。That is to say，Before machines became conscious，bet365 tennis bet is just a tool to expand human creativity。Will artificial intelligence finally become conscious，Really creative？Will its consciousness be the same as ours？These are questions we need to think about。

Perhaps，The fate of humanity will depend on its mutual understanding of conscious machines。But，As Wittgenstein said，If a lion could talk，We may not understand it，bet365 tennis bet also applies to machines。If they become conscious，It is impossible for humans to understand。Finally，It will be their painting、Music、Novel and other creative output，Even their math，Give us a chance to crack the machine's password、Feel the feeling of the machine。

Currently，All the creativity of machines is initiated and driven by human code。Except what we ask them to do，Didn’t see the machine actively expressing itself。The creativity that humans use to imagine and innovate is a capability that bet365 tennis bet can never reach。And，What else we need to see，The current motivation for humans to create algorithms，In most cases not by the desire to extend artistic creation，But driven by industry and company profits。There is a lot of hype about bet365 tennis bet，Its functions are also exaggerated。

　(The bet365 tennis bet is the editor of "World Literature")