Hierarchy Bet365 lotto review is an emerging Bet365 lotto review that has a significant impact on the anarchy assumption, one of the three mainstream theories in current international relations Bet365 lotto review，American scholar David Lake's "Hierarchy in International Relations" is a representative work from this theoretical perspective。Hierarchical Bet365 lotto review emphasizes，The weaker subordinate state allows the dominant state with superior strength to provide it with a valuable political order through the transfer of sovereignty。This process of transactions or contracts between two parties based on consent allows the dominant country to form a "relational authority" over the subordinate country，And actually build an alternative international order，Then challenging the classic assumption of anarchy。Since Lake，Many scholars look at the formation and operation of hierarchy from various perspectives，Continuously enrich and develop it，Accompanying this is criticism one after another。Overall，Current criticism of hierarchy Bet365 lotto review focuses mainly on basic assumptions、Three areas of core concept stability and theoretical applicability。

　　Criticism of the Basic Assumptions of Hierarchy Bet365 lotto review

The current academic criticism of the basic assumptions of hierarchical Bet365 lotto review is mainly reflected in the divisibility of national sovereignty、The country is not self-help、The level of theoretical analysis has dropped、Questions on the reasons for the formation of hierarchy and other views。

First，hierarchy Bet365 lotto review thinks，There is a distinction between "private domain" and "public domain" within each country，The former is controlled by "private authority"，Other countries may exercise authority over sovereign states in the "public domain"。Lake’s view is based on the denial of the traditional understanding of the indivisibility of sovereignty。But in fact，International authority is not a denial of sovereignty，But a manifestation of sovereignty。A subject state delegates some of its power to another dominant state or international organization，Authorize them to represent their country on certain issues。In this process，The subject nation has not waived the right to revoke authorization，Sovereignty is still stable。This behavior itself is a manifestation of the country exercising sovereignty rather than giving up sovereignty。Therefore，The emergence of international forms of authority does not mean the weakening of national sovereignty，On the contrary, it proves the strengthening of national sovereignty。

Secondly，Hierarchical Bet365 lotto review proposes the proposition that the country is not self-help，Believe that the subordinate country voluntarily gives up its sovereignty in exchange for the security protection of the dominant country，Thus reducing defense investment、Develop the economy or increase national welfare，Overturned the argument of pursuing safety maximization in traditional Bet365 lotto review。Actually，Even if the vassal country forms a security division of labor with the dominant country on security and defense issues，However, the goal of the subject country in accepting the authority of the dominant country is still to maintain national security，Protect from external threats。The protection of the dominant country is only a means for the subordinate country to pursue maximum security，is a more flexible self-service form，The stability of national self-help as a traditional theoretical assumption is maintained。

AGAIN，The hierarchical Bet365 lotto review itself shows a trend of declining levels of analysis，It cannot effectively replace the basic assumption of anarchy at the level of the international system。Proponents of hierarchical Bet365 lotto review expect to replace the basic assumption of anarchy in the international system with hierarchical Bet365 lotto review，But in the specific analysis process，But the perspective is limited to the bilateral relationship between the dominant country and the subordinate country，No further discussion on the international system itself，This leads to the level of analysis falling back from the system to the unit level。Although in recent years some scholars have started from the collective concept、Argument based on cultural factors such as gender differences，Trying to enrich hierarchical Bet365 lotto review from the system level，But some scholars believe that this socio-cultural factor is the result rather than the cause of the formation or breakdown of hierarchical relationships，This effort has not completed the construction of hierarchical Bet365 lotto review at the system level。

Finally，Some scholars also fundamentally deny the formation of Bet365 lotto review，Considers that the so-called Bet365 lotto review is a legacy of colonial history。In the reality of international politics，Bet365 lotto review is often an inheritance of colonial governance structures，Structural effects force the subject country to have no choice，You can only stay within the Bet365 lotto review。Therefore，The reproduction of Bet365 lotto review by client states rather than being seen as a process of forming legitimate authority through transactions，Rather, it is a process affected by historical inertia。

　Concerns about the stability of Bet365 lotto review

In the process of constructing hierarchical Bet365 lotto review，“Authority” and “hierarchy” are core concepts。But so far，The academic community has not yet reached a consensus on the definition of these core concepts，This leads to inherent contradictions in the Bet365 lotto review。

一，The original hierarchy Bet365 lotto review did not clearly define the concept of "authority"，The relationship between "authority" and "coercion" is ambiguous。Academic definitions of “authority” include the authority of a contract、As authority to rule、Authority as impression and authority as devotion。Hierarchy Bet365 lotto review mainly refers to authority as a contract，And takes "relational authority" as the core concept of the Bet365 lotto review。This definition itself emphasizes the difference between "authority" and "coercion"，But Lake also made it clear that the difference between authority and coercion is difficult to discern。However，Empire as proposed in Lake's discussion of hierarchy、Protectorates or economic dependencies are products of coercion，Not the result of interest exchange。As for the military base that measures the strength of the hierarchy、Indicators such as exchange rate linkage and trade dependence，further confuses the emphasis on “voluntary obedience” with authority and coercion。

二，The enrichment and development of views on hierarchical formation，Further blurring the boundary between "authority" and "power"。Lake et al.’s discussion of “relational authority”，Whether it is based on cost-benefit or social agreement stance，They all overemphasize the voluntariness in the formation of authority，Underestimating the role of coercion。The Bet365 lotto review of hierarchy based on consent suggests that hierarchies should be unstable，But this is not the case with hierarchy in international relations。At the same time，If the formation of a hierarchy is based on free bargaining or trading between the parties，Then all parties should have equal status similar to that in the market，This is inconsistent with empirical facts。Using transactions to induce other actors to act in accordance with one's wishes is often seen as the antithesis of legitimate authority。In the process of revising and developing the hierarchy Bet365 lotto review，Some scholars try to broaden the concept of "authority"，Incorporate coercive factors such as paternalistic intervention into the reasons for the formation of the hierarchy，Or trying to treat hierarchy and anarchy as two sides of the same coin，Believe that where there is concentration of power, there is hierarchy。These two approaches make the concepts of "authority" and "power" increasingly similar，Not only failed to solve the problem of vague concepts，On the contrary, it leads to the increasing similarity between hierarchical Bet365 lotto review and the realist view based on anarchy，Theoretical boundaries are increasingly blurred。

Third，The Bet365 lotto review of hierarchy does not provide an independent definition of "level"。Lake thinks，Hierarchy is the existence of international authority，Emphasis on the "relational authority" between the dominant country and the subordinate country，Define "level" with "authority"。Although this move is reasonable，But failed to determine the attributes of the level、Systematically discuss the characteristics。The formation of international hierarchy、Both maintenance and development are discussed，But the international hierarchy itself is only superficial。

　　Doubts about the applicability of the Bet365 lotto review

In addition to questioning the basic assumptions and core concepts of hierarchy Bet365 lotto review，Is the Bet365 lotto review of hierarchy in more areas、Applicable in more fields，It has also become an important concern in the current academic circle。The existing literature not only lacks attention to non-state actors，The hierarchical relationship between state actors also mainly focuses on demonstrating China and the United States。On the one hand，The argument for hierarchical relations between countries focuses too much on a few big countries，Lack of universality and depth。The pioneers of hierarchy Bet365 lotto review mainly focused on the United States after World War II，Excludes the United States from other periods，It also excludes cases of other political actors in different periods。In recent years，Accompanied by relevant scholars’ understanding of ancient China、Concerns about regional hierarchies in South America and South Asia，Hierarchical Bet365 lotto review has been enriched and developed to a certain extent。However, the hierarchy Bet365 lotto review obviously does not pay enough attention to other regions and major countries in case selection，The depth and breadth of research need to be improved。On the other hand，Hierarchy in international relations is not only reflected between state actors，It is also reflected among non-state actors such as international organizations。Although the existing literature shows a tendency to pay attention to non-state actors to a certain extent，But it started late and the research results are limited，There is even some discussion of departures from established assumptions in the study。For example，Some scholars believe that the scope and depth of international organizations’ governance in world politics are increasing，Not a manifestation of excessive political authority，It just shows the lack of political authority。

Questioning and criticizing the hierarchical Bet365 lotto review provides opportunities for the enrichment and development of the Bet365 lotto review。Theoretical researchers need to further expand the Bet365 lotto review，That’s the only way，Only in order to realize the leap-forward development of international relations Bet365 lotto review。

　　(The author is from the Institute of Central Asian Studies, Lanzhou University、Associate Professor, School of Politics and Bet365 lotto review Relations, Lanzhou University；Master’s student at the School of Politics and Bet365 lotto review Relations, Lanzhou University)