So-called "Marine Security Strategy"，Refers to the use of diplomacy by sovereign states、Military、Economic and other comprehensive resources and various possible means，Oriented by marine safety、Overall efforts made to achieve predetermined national security interests、Long term、Systematic system design，Including the use of diplomatic means、The use of military power and the support and guarantee of economic development strategies。“Marine Security Strategy” and Military、Economy、Geographical location、Technological progress together constitutes an indispensable factor for most major powers to obtain bet365 score power advantages and implement external expansion。Research findings，Although changes and innovations in science and technology、International rules and systems and other factors continue to subvert and reshape the international bet365 score order，However, the use of power by major powers in modern times and some contemporary powers to define bet365 score security strategies is still one of the main causes of conflicts and wars between countries。In view of this，We need to sum up experience and lessons from the mirror of history。

　　Three “models” of security strategies for bet365 score powers

There are similarities in the strategic arrangements and behavioral patterns of major powers in dealing with bet365 score security issues in modern times，Including attaching importance to the construction of naval power, etc.，But there are also different forms、Each has its own characteristics。

First, the bet365 score dominance model driven by overseas expansion。“Pax Britannia” and “Pax Americana” are labeled by Western academic circles as two typical cases of hegemonic stability theory。However，Whether it is the United Kingdom or the United States，its hegemony is established，Except economic and industrial base、Number and scale of overseas military bases、In addition to factors such as comprehensive strength，Marine supremacy is undoubtedly the top priority。To maintain bet365 score trade channels、Security of the country’s territory and overseas interests，The United Kingdom and the United States both believe in Mahan’s “Sea Power Theory” and Paul Kennedy’s “Sea Dominance Theory”，That is, safeguarding bet365 score security interests with absolute bet365 score power superiority。This bet365 score security strategic model that seeks bet365 score dominance contains at least three elements: First，The absolute superiority of naval power。Second，The center and peripheral structure composed of mainland islands and overseas bases。Third，Shape and acquire international institutional power。

The second is to seek and obtain access to the sea to expand the bet365 score strategic space model。British geopolitical scientist Halford Mackinder’s “World Island” and “Heartland Theory” states that “controlling Eastern Europe means controlling the Heartland，To control the heartland is to control the world island，Controlling the World Island means controlling the world”。Most Western monarchs have never doubted it，Becoming a global power cannot be separated from the support of bet365 score trade and bet365 score dominant power。

The third is to define bet365 score security and interests model by pursuing advantages in regional sphere of influence。Japan is an island country surrounded by sea and located in a corner of the Western Pacific，Since the 1960s，Driven by the pursuit of the dual goals of being a political power and a military power，Japan gradually proposes and establishes its identity as a "bet365 score country"，Trying to build a “circle” ocean security structure，That is, centered on the main island of Japan and nearby waters，The East China Sea and the Sea of ​​Japan are strategic priority areas，Other surrounding sea areas such as the South Pacific and Indian Ocean are peripheral areas，Establishing Japan’s bet365 score sphere of influence in the Asia-Pacific region，To ensure sufficient space for marine development，Maintain the absolute safety of sea lanes for resource imports and foreign trade。

　Realistic revelations from the three “modes”

Regardless of Portugal、Spain、Netherlands、UK、Russia、Japan is still the United States today，The bet365 score security strategies of bet365 score powers in different historical periods are essentially the inevitable products of their respective historical eras。Although the global economic situation、Navigation Technology、Military power、The characteristics of relations between countries have greatly changed the definition and components of sea control，However, the three models of security strategies of bet365 score powers have not lost their theoretical value and practical vitality in contemporary times，On the contrary, it has been given new characteristics and strategic connotations of the times。

Disruptive technologies will change the way the military may conduct combat operations and military operations other than war in the 21st century。Underwater military power has become the standard configuration of the bet365 score security strategy of contemporary major powers，But this puts new requirements on the water depth in and out of the port。The improvement of the strategic and tactical significance of large-scale surface combat platforms has, to a certain extent, alleviated the needs of major powers for overseas military bases，But the same is true for the water depth of the home port、There are extremely high requirements for channel conditions and so on。Popularization of intelligence and reconnaissance technologies such as satellite remote sensing and radar，Strengthened the ability of major powers to implement naval blockades，The entrance to the sea has become a key factor in breaking through the bet365 score blockade，Strategic significance。Anyway，Technological innovation and equipment innovation in the military field have improved the effectiveness of long-range power projection，But countries are also more dependent on convenience、Unhindered strategic passage，And use it as an indispensable infrastructure for effectively projecting bet365 score power。

Institutional power is a vested interest that established powers must adhere to in their bet365 score security strategies。The change of British and American world hegemony continues with the rules、Normative and institutional designs for the tradition of competing for bet365 score power。Since the end of World War II，The international bet365 score order has also shifted from being dominated by a single factor of power competition among great powers to an era driven by two wheels of rules and power games。Old bet365 score powers such as Britain and the United States are trying to consolidate through customary international law and modern international law、Strengthen the existing bet365 score power status，Continue to gain bet365 score power advantages in emerging areas，There will inevitably be friction and conflict between this and the demands of emerging bet365 score powers to safeguard bet365 score security interests。Therefore，The competition between traditional and emerging bet365 score powers in terms of rules and institutional power constitutes the main line of the development and evolution of contemporary bet365 score order，At the same time, it also shows that the British and American bet365 score security strategic model continues and develops in new forms in the current era。It’s worth noting，In peacetime，Almost all bet365 score countries are trying to use the international law of the sea rules and various international systems, with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as the main content, as tools to maximize their own bet365 score security strategic interests，To meet their respective bet365 score security interests。

The forces of globalization and regional integration have also eclipsed the bet365 score security strategy based on dividing spheres of influence。The expansion of global bet365 score trade triggered by the Great Geographical Discovery has given rise to interest demands and international consensus on maintaining the safety of sea lanes。The process of globalization and regional integration has greatly changed the relationship between countries around the world，In this process, countries are increasingly becoming an interdependent community of interests，Maintaining the safety of bet365 score trade lanes and establishing rules for fair use of the oceans，Becoming the common understanding of all major countries，It is also an important consideration in the design of international bet365 score rules and systems。This makes the Anglo-American model of great power bet365 score security strategy face challenges in peacetime，Implementing a naval blockade similar to the one used by France during the Napoleonic Wars and Nazi Germany during World War II will cause the international community to face unbearable costs。At the same time，As the concept of "Marine Community with a Shared Future" becomes increasingly popular，Japan’s bet365 score security strategy of following the United States in seeking bet365 score sphere of influence and regional bet365 score hegemony is “Sima Zhao’s heart”，Everyone knows it”。

bet365 score security is related to my country’s successful transformation from a regional power to a global power or power。So，Need to strengthen jurisdiction over my country’s surrounding claimed waters and actively participate in the construction of a global governance mechanism for the high seas，In particular, it is necessary to ensure the safety of important sea lanes。Because this is directly related to the survival and development of our country，So we need a macro international vision and a firm national will，Understand the historical laws of the evolution of major powers’ bet365 score security strategies and the logic behind them，Taking others’ strengths to make up for one’s own weaknesses，Actively and steadily handle bet365 score security issues，Develop a bet365 score security strategy that is consistent with my country’s reality，To safeguard core interests including national and territorial integrity，Ensure bet365 score rights and interests、Developing marine undertakings、Maintain ocean order，Provide strategic guarantee for promoting China’s peaceful development process and the country’s peaceful reunification。

　 (The author is the chairman of Huayang Ocean Research Center、Chair Professor of Xiamen University)