Thinking about "Spirit"
August 07, 2020 08:40 Source: "China Social Sciences", August 7, 2020, No. 1984 Author: Zhou Qisen

Spirit is a kind of attitude towards things and behaviors,It is a total of people's temperament that produces a person who is born and separated from behavior,Including bone、Character、perseverance、Will、Desire、Fighting and other。Due to the abstractness of the spirit,It is difficult for people to grasp the meaning of spirit,So there are some problems: Is there a spirit in life? What is spiritual to others?,Basic issues such as "soul and flesh", "spirit and behavior", "spirit and thought"。

As an ancient topic of dispute,The relationship between the soul and the flesh,The always -the -time party holds one word,It is difficult to persuade each other。Someone said,People die like lanterns,How can there be independent souls? The Han Dynasty Wang Chong had a systematic discussion about this。In its famous philosophical book "On the Health",He uses the doctrine of essence,Starting from the materialist position of nature's theory,Seeing people as a product of nature,Point out that people are also insects,Life and death for a while,qi born,Deadness is still qi。

In Wang Chong's eyes,The life and death of a person is a very natural biological evolution process。During the development of the organism,Everything conforms to the physical laws of the world,No mystery to speak。He regards people as a part of nature,It is the condensation of "qi",This undoubtedly has the spirit of materialism。Taking this as the theoretical basis,Under the premise of admitting that people are spiritual,The relationship between the body and spirit of the discussion is also a natural disappearance process。

Wang Chong said in "On the Death",The root cause bet365 best casino games of the reason why people produce is because of the existence of essence; the essence of the person after death is died。The essence of becoming qi is the blood of the human; the blood veins after death are exhausted。The reason why people have wisdom,It is because of the existence of five constants。Five Chang Qi exists in a human body,It is because the five internal organs are in the human body。The human five internal organs are not harmed,People have wisdom;,People will be confused,It will be stupid。After death,Five internal organs and six internal organs,Five Chang's Qi will not pin it out,So wisdom does not exist。Wang Chong's point of view is very clear: he admits that people have spirit,This invisible thing does exist,Is an objective phenomenon。This is his basic point of view。He thinks,Spirit is the physiological function of human viscera,qi。This is undoubtedly in line with the principle of modern medicine。People are humans,Except for a "stinky skin",More importantly, there is a gathered energy god,This is the essence of human being。No Essence God,People are mixed with ordinary animals,There is no qualitative specified。So,In terms of general biological sense,There is no two -like person with other animals。At this point,Wang Chong is undoubtedly correct。

but,Wang Chong's loneliness lies in his "Essence God",or spiritual things,Mixed things with functional,Confused with the intention of the function of the organ,to derive a judgment with a thousand miles。This misunderstanding is manifested in his determination of spiritual and physical relationship。He thinks,The spirit is the coexistence of the blood of the human blood,Human blood veins and viscera,Then people's wisdom and spiritual memory,Human viscera blood bet365 Play online games waste,then wisdom and spiritual waste。This is a misunderstanding of a concrete thinking。Wang Chong's vision is limited to this,This is his limitations,It is also the defect of the ancient materialist school。According to the "metaphysical way of the top,Settlement of the Subsida "Proposition of Chinese Philosophy,Wang Chong's so -called "spirit",Actually limited to the category of material。But the fundamental topic of the essence of life is posted by Tong.,The spirit is not a function attached to the specific organ,but a highly abstract,It is an objective existence that originated from behavior and higher than behavior。So,The second topic leads to the relationship between spirit and behavior。

The meaning of the word spirit,"Ci Hai" has five explanations: "① philosophical noun,Refers to people's consciousness、Thinking activity and general psychological state。The spirit of religious beliefs and idealists is the myth of consciousness,Materialists usually use the spirit as the same meaning as the meaning of consciousness,Think that it is the highest product of material。② Utahinzhi、Mind。③ Judging energy、Vitality。④ God、Charm。⑤ Content substance。"" "",Explanation of the word spirit,"Ci Hai" is the most authoritative and most comprehensive。In the five items given by it,Not a parallel relationship,but a kind of genus relationship,That is, the first meaning is a concept,The other four meaningful items are concepts。

This can be seen,In philosophy,Whether it is idealism or physical school,Both admit the existence of spirit,The difference is the cognition of material and spiritual relationship。Ideology school naturally believes that the world is dominated by consciousness,Everything comes from consciousness,Material things include behavior Bet365 lotto review all caused by behaviors。This is also the fundamental differences of the two major philosophical genres。Performance School thinks,The behavioral form of spiritual and material is inseparable,It produces in a person's specific behavior,It is the meaning of countless behavior details。Without behavioral details, there is no spirit,Spirit is the manifestation of behavior details。There are two points of attention here:

One,Abstract spirit depends on specific behaviors to achieve。The relationship between spirit and behavior is the relationship between imagery and concrete,The more accumulated the image,The more realistic the figuration。For example, "Flood resistance",That is the people's PLA's shirtless,Barefoot,A sack of a sack of a sack "carry"。This spirit is reflected in every movement of each flood anti -military and civilians。When we see that the PLA soldiers built a sturdy dam in the stormy waves,We think of "perseverance"; when we see that the PLA soldiers always hold hands、shoulder shoulders,Build a sturdy dam with the flesh and blood body when confronting the ruthless flood,What we think of is "unity"。Since then,Whenever we see or hear the words "perseverance" and "unity",These touching scenes will appear in front of you。

Its two,Spirit is a manifestation of countless behaviors。In flood resistance and rescue,Military and civilians together,Forgot to die,Fight with the flood,Keep the embankment under your feet,Showing "Not afraid of sacrifice,Dedication of Dedication,Exclude all difficulties,Dare to Victory "。This is the refinement and extraction of countless behaviors,The more behaviors, the more behaviors,The more concentrated the density of the spirit。Real and concentration just constitutes the height generalization bet365 Play online games and infinite abstraction of the spirit of the spirit,Summary and abstraction is the soul of all spirit。So say,Everyone has thinking,But maybe everyone has thoughts,Because thought is the result of creation,However, creativity is not for everyone; everyone has quality,But maybe everyone has spirit,Because the spirit is the concentration and abstract summary of behavior in the positive sense,Quality is divided into positive and negative。

The relationship between spirit and thought can be understood from three aspects。First,"Knowing" and then produce a spirit。Thought is a system and understanding form of objective things,It is a system of conceptual system that occurs in objective things and is separated from specific physical objects,It is a combination of people and objective things、A subjective consciousness system with universal guidance。The relationship between thought and spirit is the relationship between flower buds and fruits: thought is flower bud,The spirit is fruit,What kind of thoughts are you born and what kind of spirit。The spirit of no ideological foundation is not exist。So,Thought is the catalyst and yeast of the mind,Thought determines the quality of the spirit、height and influence,is the seed of a spiritual tree。In a suitable soil and environment,This seed has germinated、Roots、Growth、Blossom、Results,Finally became a fruitful towering tree。Thought plays a fundamental effect on the generation and nature of the spirit。This decisive effect is the effect of changing people's cognitive system and understanding form of people,The main channel for people to know objective things is the worldview、Outlook on Life、Value。This is also the main content of the ideological system that constituted a person,is the main body of the "knowledge" of bet365 best casino games things。So,It can be said,The generation of spirit originated from "Knowing",or "Knowing" and generate spirit。

Next,"Xing" is the key to the spirit of the spirit。Culture Tell us,People’s thoughts、Behavior、There is a sequential order between the spirit,Thoughts -Behavior。Thought is the source of spiritual production,There is a decisive factor for spirit,But it must be used through behavior,Then produce a spirit。From this,A phenomenon produced: Some people "know" without doing,Can be a thinker,But it can't be a practitioner,Therefore, it cannot become a spiritual symbol。"Xing" is a practical activity under ideological guidance,It reflects "Knowing",Reflecting thought,Essence of abstract behavior,The highest expression form of behavior,So forming a spirit。Spiritual in turn acts on people,A huge impact on people's thoughts。visible,The decisive role of thought on the spirit is to achieve through behavior,No behavior,No practice,Thought and theory can only stay at the level of general consciousness,Can't produce a mental influence as a special consciousness。

No "Knowing","Increased and Fingithful One" is the fundamental form produced by the spirit。"Knowing" is to know the world,"Xing" is to transform the world,"Knowing" is for "line",No "Knowing","Xing" will be trapped blind。Zhiyihe is the best realm。What needs to be pointed out is,Zhihexing can be the same subject,can also be different subjects。More often,Knowledge and action is suitable for different subjects,The thought of the thinker is not necessarily practiced by yourself,but rely on other practitioners to practice。For example,Avenue of the Avenue advocated by Confucius、The idea of ​​the world is the public,Mencius advocated "Poor is alone,Da Ze and bet365 Play online games help the world ",They are all from the later politicians and scholars to practice。

Spiritual germination in thought,Expressed in behavior,but higher than behavior,It is an eternal consciousness tension transformed by behavior。It can inspire people's fighting spirit,Make the timidity brave; it can inspire people's pride,Make the fragile person perseverance; it can strengthen people’s beliefs,Make the hesitation person insist。Although the spirit is abstract and refinement of behavior details,But with the characteristics of independent survival,and can be inherited and transplanted。This negates the assertion of Wang Chong's spiritual existence with the body of the person。

Editor in charge: Changchang
QR code icons 2.jpg
Key recommendation
The latest article
Graphics
bet365 live casino games
Video

Friendship link: The official website of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |

Website filing number: Jinggong.com Anxian 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Beijing ICP No. 11013869

All rights reserved by China Social Sciences Magazine shall not be reprinted and used without permission

General Editor Email: zzszbj@126.com This website contact information: 010-85886809 Address: 11-12, Building 1, Building 1, No. 15, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing: 100026