Tang Changyu (1911-1994)，Wujiang (now Wujiang District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) Pingwangren。Graduated from Shanghai Datong University in 1932。I will teach it in the Shanghai Girls' Military、Zhejiang Nanxun Middle School、Shanghai San Maria Girls' School。In 1940, he was taught at the Department of History of Shanghai Guanghua University，1942 to transfer to Hunan Lantian National Teachers College，1944 was hired as an associate professor by Wuhan University，Professor of Professor in 1946。

Tang Changzhang's early years of research on Liaoning and Yuan History，Later, concentrate on studying the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，Representative works include "The History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties", "Tang Shu Bing Zhi Zhizheng", "The three theories of the Sui and Tang Dynasty of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties"。

Tang Changzheng was the director of the Department of History of Wuhan University、Director of the China Institute of China 3 to 9 of Wuhan University，Director of the Ancient Literature Research Office of the State Cultural Relics Bureau、Researcher at the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。Hosted and participated in the four history of the Northern Dynasties in the 24th history ("Wei Shu", "Zhou Shu", "Northern History") in the middle of the 24th history。Horned in 1975 Hosted and sorted out documents on the Tomb of Turpan Tomb, Xinjiang，Compiled into publishing "Turpan Explosion Documents"。After 1978，President of the Chinese Tang History Society、Vice Chairman of the Turpan Society of Dunhuang, China、President of the History Society of Hubei Province、Chairman of the Hubei Provincial Archaeological Society、Honorary President of the History of the Six Dynasties。He has been hired as a member of the editor -in -chief of the "All Encyclopedia of China"、The Deputy Director of the Editorial Committee of the "Encyclopedia of China · Chinese History"。

Tang Changzhang's works include "The History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties", "Continuation of the History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties", "Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties History Theory", "Wei, Jin, Northern and Tang Dynasties, Sui and Tang History," Tang Shu Bingzhi "," Shanju Story Story "Draft Continuation", "Three Editors of Shanju Storage", etc.。Written and lectures, etc.。

Tang Changzheng (1911-1994) is a well -known expert in Chinese and ancient history at home and abroad，The collation and research of the documents of the handed down and Dunhuang Turpan also achieved outstanding achievements。If the study of Chinese and ancient history in the second half of the 20th century，Tang Changzhang's name and the discussion cannot be bypassed，and its research features，The perfect combination of the perfect combination of empirical history and materialist history。

Tang Changyu (middle) conduct academic exchanges with scholars。 Information pictures

　　Bet365 lotto review

A generation of academic appearance，First of all, it is your own endowment、Character and choice，It also has a specific family teacher and regional cultural background，It is the product of a specific social environment and atmosphere of the times。July 4, 1911，Tang Changyu was born in Pingwang Town, Wujiang County, Jiangsu Province。His father Tang Gengyu Poems，Early members of the "South Society" created for the Township Party Liu Yazi，Deep skills in calligraphy theoretical research and calligraphy and painting appraisal。Tang Changzhang's young Cheng court training，Especially in the aspect of the old body poetry, it has been systematically trained。His Congxuan、Liu Chengqian, the owner of Jiaye Hall, is a bookmaker known in modern times，Tang Changzhang in the youth often went to the Liu family's collection of library to read，Reading "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" at the age of nine，After the final volume, I want to know after the return of the Three Kingdoms，Then under the guidance of Geng Yu, the old man viewed "Jin Shu" and "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" and other books。He said that in his later years, he said that he governed the history of Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties，"Pushing its original is the Romance of the Three Kingdoms"。When he is "over ten years old"，I went to Jiaye Hall to study，舅 舅 舅 舅、Dong Xiaowan "，This legend originated from the interpretation Bet365 app download of Wu Mei Village poem，Tang Changzheng "can recite in the poem Yu Mei Village，I once read Meng Xin Shi (Meng Sen) research "，So "Knowing Reference"，And even the Jiangnan beauty Liu Sanxiu contained in "The Market" was plundered by the Qing Army to the north and named the princess.，"Miscellaneous Discussion in the late Ming Dynasty and Kangxi Hongbo Personnel"。There is no obstacle to the young nephew as so on.，Surprise of the elderly in Chenggan。The next day，The seal presented to the "Hanshu", "Old Five Dynasties History" and "Zhang's Lesses" "and other books" More than 100 volumes "。Later，Liu Chengqian gave a book to Tang Changzhang many times，and advise them to be obsessed with "Poetry Kunqu" and other "small roads"，Should be "engaged in the study of classics"。

2016 "Tang Changyu Poetry Collection" came out，Tang Changyu's skill in poetic creation、Talent and achievements are widely known。Actually，Between 1933-1935，Tang Changzhang, who is in weak crowns, is in Zhang Taiyan、The "Chinese Chinese Society" created by Jin Songzen published more than 20 poems，Conference Journal Manuscript、Tongyi predecessors Kim Song Cen once used Tang Changyu to work with Tang and Song master、Contemporary Poetry Famous Plants are compared with，"The meaning of rewards" is self -evident。But Mr. Jin uses "Changji Ghost Caicai，non -juvenile should be appropriate，Although the number of logins is selected "No longer,"，Still "admonish" Tang Changzhang "If the history of the rule is changed，Use it to use it，Achievements must not be limited "。Gold、Liu's two respects of the longevity urged Tang Changyu to specialize in history，Obviously he noticed his extraordinary talent in history。May 1940，Mr. Jin once brought Tang Changyu to his old friend、Zhang Shouyu, President of Guanghua University，Appreciate Zhang's newly purchased "Song History"。Tang Changzheng from the heavier ancestor "Pavilion Collection" at the scene of the book，拈 拈，See this book version features、Conditions of compilation，It is pointed out that this is the Linchuan (Tang Xianzu) described by Quan's "Song History"。Tang Changzhang's history of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties、Familiarity of Literature，"Bo Qia" in the history of Liaoning and Jin Yuan，Including amazing memory，Give a deep impression on Mr. Xia Chengzhang and others present in the prediction.。It is this year，Jin Songzen, who coached the Department of Chinese Language of Guanghua University at the time, promoted Lu Siman, director of the Department of History，Tang Changzheng was hired as a lecturer at the History Department of Guanghua University from the History of History of Middle School。It can be said that Mr. Jin Songzen is an important promoter for Tang Changzheng to embark on the road of history.。

Mr. Lu Siman is Tang Changzhang's "The earliest Ming Master I met on the road of school"。1926-1928，Tang Changzheng studied at the Affiliated Middle School of Guanghua University，I have listened to Mr. Lu’s History Congress，But Tang Changzheng's "Delievable History"，"Real (Real (Lu's)" Inspiring of "The History of the Country"。He praised the book "Thousands of years up and down，90,000 miles，Shi Luo Quanshi，Hengtong National "，The "view of evolutionary history" held in the book is even more admirable，Self -proclaimed history of governing Liao, Jin Yuan，Inspired by "The History of the Country" by "Vernacular Home"。Tang Changzhang was hired by Shanghai Guanghua University、Hunan China Establishment Teachers College，Also the recommendation of Mr. Cheng Lu。Tang Changyu claimed to have been admitted to Mr. Lu for a long time in learning: "Before the War of Resistance Against the War，I am tired of the private people，After the Anti -Japanese War，Tutor Fu Duo。”

Tang Changzheng taught after he was appointed at the Hunan Central State Teachers College，Due to the need for teaching，Turn to the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties。At that time, Chen Yinque's "Summary Draft of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" "The Draft of the Political History History of the Tang Dynasty" came out one after another，Tang Changzheng is deep for，Therefore, in terms of research methods and problems, I mainly inherit Chen Yinque。Wang Rongzu has obviously obviously "reborn Yining (Chen Yinque)"，once "mistakenly think they have the friendship of teachers and students"。Miyagawa Shangzhi, a famous master of the Six Dynasties in Japan, also thinks，Tang Changzhang fully inherited the history bet365 Play online games of Chen Yinque's research history。

Lu、Outside Chen，It has a great influence on Tang Changyu's learning，And he taught Li Jiannong, a colleague from Wuhan University when he taught the Xiangxiang China Teachers College and Wuhan University。Tang Changyu claimed to be "the Economy of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Economics，Remove the inspiration of Mr. Jiannong "。"The History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties" finished draft，Mr. Li, who was almost blind at the time，"I will review all the manuscripts at the age of seventy -five years old，and put forward valuable opinions "。Tang Changzhang's in his later years, saying: "，Delicate (Li) The benefit of the benefit of the benefits of Mr. Li。”

　Sipid and new road signs

Tang Changzheng taught in Shanghai，Indications Liao Jinyuan History，and the experts of the inter -generation history were hired by Guanghua University。Tang Changzhang published more than 20 articles in Liaoning and Yuan History，Main contributions are reflected in two aspects: one is the collation and historical facts of the historical data of Liao Jinyuan; the other is a special research，Including changes in the political system，National Social History such as a female real person to accept marriage customs，The impact of Han culture on the northern regime，and the historical conditions and role of the Han nationality local social forces and its armed groups during the Jin Yuan。Many of the papers are still cited by experts from Liao Jinyuan History to date。

Tang Changyu has hosted the point of the four history of the four history of the Northern Dynasties in the 1960s in the 1960s，Known as "the hero of the 24 history"，After the publication of the four history of the Northern Dynasties，It is recognized as "the excellent results and models of ancient books"。He wrote or approved the "Classification of Classification" of the four history of the Northern Dynasties，is an organic combination of collation and research，Researchers are inspired by this，caused many new results。1974，The State Administration of Cultural Heritage decides to organize relevant experts，Corresponding to the New Top Tomb Book of Turpan。The following year，The State Council approves the establishment of the "Turpan Unearthed Documents Organization Group"，He as the team leader、Editor -in -law。1991，The ten interpretation texts edited by Tang Changzheng "Turpan Untresh Documents" all came out，Four volumes of "Turpan Unearthed Documents" and text comparison this also came out of his death for more than a year。He tried his best，Twenty -easy cold and summer，Make the Sleeping Sleeping Capita Heritage Culture Scientific in a timely manner in time，Highly evaluated by the international academic community，and created a set of strict specifications for organizing unearthed documents。He has reviewed himself in the 1960s to drop，"If there is any meager results，I am afraid it is in terms of ancient literature and sorting "。

Starting in the 1950s，He recruits、Trained a number of graduate students (including visiting scholars)，Most of them have become academic backbones in the field of ancient history research。

Tang Changyu's biggest contribution in the field of history，Study on the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties。"The History of the History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties" published during his lifetime (1955)、"Continuation of the History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (1959)、"The History of the History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" (1983)、"Shanju Storage" (1989)，and "Tang Shu Bing Zhi Zhizheng" (1957) and "The Development of the Great Land ownership of the Jiangnan Great March" (1957)，All the important aspects of the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties，Regardless of the economy、Politics、Military，Still the code system、National、Chinese and Western Transportation，or even religion、Chinese and Western Transportation，Each has a special discussion。"Three theories of the History of the Sui and Tang Dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties" (1992)，It is the author's long -term study of the conclusions of the history of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang history，It is also a theoretical exploration of this historical development law。

Tang Changzhang's Research on Chinese Middle and Ancient History，opened many new areas，or refine new problems on the basis of predecessors，Among them, breakthroughs in socio -economic research are the most significant。He's、Bulletin and nobles at all levels of Yin Yin Customer (including the Northern Dynasties)、Modification of the Wei and Jin Downs and the artisan identity and form of labor from the Wei and Jin dynasties from the Wei and Jin dynasties，I have made a series of bet365 live casino games precise research on the system level，But the main purpose is not here，but in the land system in the Middle Ages、The labor system and its evolution，Main workers' identity and their evolution，Control around land and labor，Country、The intricate relationship between the owner of the large land and the employee and their evolution，and the above evolution pushed、The formation of the early feudal society in China and its characteristics。Among them, the humble and universal background and process of the humbleness and universalization of farmers since the Han Dynasty discussed the Han Dynasty、meaning，Very original，The basis of its "Wei Jinfeng Construction Theory"。He analyzed "the meaning of the modulation of the Western Jin Dynasty"，Point out that the Wei and Jin era that is generally implemented in feudal production methods，The feudal country must limit the expansion of the feudal dependent team，This is exactly the important feature of "the Wei and Jin Dynasties as the early" early feudal society，The fundamental reason is that the traditional centralized centralization of China must always maintain a certain number of self -cultivated farmers，This is the "Asian type" feature of the feudal society in China。He also treats all kinds of direct workers on the land of landlords during the Sui and Tang dynasties，Especially Float -customer source flow and their identity changes made in -depth research，Point out that the customer identity is legalized after the two tax laws were promulgated，"The feudal country allows the infinite merger of the land，No longer stops the expansion of the guest team。The feudal society in China is shifted from the early stage to the late stage during this change "。He regards the "guest" identity change as an important indicator of the evolution of socioeconomic forms，Through the long -term inspection of the "guest"，Relying on precise empirical evidence，Self -made family。

The gatekeeper is politics、Culture and even society in all aspects of the dominance，It is a historical phenomenon unique to China in China。Chen Yinque's series of studies on the rise and fall of the Central Gate Valve Class，Social changes in the Wei and Jin dynasties and differentiation of ruling class，The historical role of the Eastern Jinshi clan and the confrontation and union between the Wu Shi people between the Chinese and South Korean dynasty in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，Differential combination of the Tang Dynasty Rule Group，and even the clear talk about the unique cultural logo as the gatekeeper of the gatekeeper，I have proposed a lot of exquisite insights。Tang Changyu's "Jiupin Zhongzheng System Test Explanation" proposed the basic argument of the gatekeeper of the gatekeeper，The subsequent series of papers have been further demonstrated and deepened。He pointed out that the establishment of the Zhongzheng system originated from the tradition of the evaluation of the Eastern Han election system，The creation of the clan classes has a deep rural structure.，Eastern Han Dynasty，Big names Host Township Review，An important position in the political situation。Although Cao Cao intends to restore the central centralized system of the Han Dynasty，But still can only choose the required talents from the big names，The upper -level ruler of the Three Kingdoms regime mainly selects the name of the name，"They are the foundation of the Wei and Jin clan";，"The famous Shiyue in the wild turned into the government of the government,，The hometown of the nuclear becomes a visit "。But，After the right to election led by the big names is after the election right to the central government，However, in fact, it has aggravated the authority of the big clan on the local area，thus consolidating the rule of the door valve。After the door valve system has been established，Zhongzheng Fixed Products is increasingly impossible，It has become a tool to ensure the hereditary rights of scholars, especially Dangxiangui in politics，The height sequence of the clan and its lift，It mainly depends on the "contemporary Xuan Mian", that is, the real power rather than the "bone in the mound"，The policy of reusing the clan (from the town in the town) in the gate of the gatekeeper，It is also related to the co -rule of the regime structure of the time, the gatekeeper aristocracy。Tang Changyu also the rise of cold people in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties and its reflection at the institutional level，That is, the germination of the transition from the nine products to the imperial examination system that bet365 live casino games appears in the election system，and the rising gatekeeper system in the Sui and Tang dynasties that has risen in the imperial examination system、The process of the increasing decline of the door valve class，Study on a special research respectively。He is economy against the gatekeeper of the gatekeeper、Politically enjoy specific research on statutory privileges，It is pointed out that Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty adopted a legal form to formulate the door valve sequence、Level，Different from the Southern Dynasties and the Dingshi of the Tang Dynasty officials, such as the Dingshi of the Tang Dynasty; pointed out that Wei Jin Xuexue is "a set of political theories reflecting real, social, economic and politics"，It is the political philosophy that serves the "ruling class" that is the gatekeeper.。The above studies are mostly not posted by the predecessors，Form a complete self -consistent theoretical interpretation framework，Therefore, Tang Changzheng is known as "the founder of the study of the study of the scholars in mainland China"。

Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties are a national migration、The era of large fusion，Therefore Lu Si Mian、Chen Yinque and other senior scholars related to national problems。Tang Changzheng has specially inspected the Zong Department and Shanyue of the Jiangnan in the late Han Dynasty，Among them，But the problem of the mountain Yue and Sun Wu Jianguo and Wu Guo led the soldiers、Revitalized and other important political and economic systems are associated to investigate，Then it completely breaks through Mr. Lu’s vision。His connotation of Wei Jin's miscellaneous Hu and the division of the Saihu nationality、The Sinicization process of the Sinicization process，The nature of the "chaos" of all ethnic groups in the north of the Jin Dynasty and the rule of the Wuhu regime in northern China，In particular, there are research on the establishment of Tuoba State and its feudalization。He always pays attention to the level of social and economic development of the National Group，and use class analysis methods to explore the staggered and conversion of the contradictions of Hu Han nationality and class contradictions，Compared to Chen Yinque's discussion of race issues, the focus of culture is the level of Huhua Chinese，The field of vision is more open，Explanation is stronger。

In short，Tang Changzhang's medieval history research won all the family and became self -made，Transfer of the benefit of many teachers for everyone，It is recognized by peers at home and abroad。1955 "The History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" first came out，Chen Yinque said, "Yu Shixian's on the history of history is not in line with，Recitation ("The History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties")。Lu Siman's "History of the Five Dynasties of the Sui and Tang Dynasties" published in 1959 in the "History of the Five Dynasties of the Sui and Tang Dynasties"，Calculating the most trial of "The Evolution of the Tang Dynasty's Military System")，The basic point of view of Tang Changzhang directly。Famous Japanese scholars have published a number of book reviews，Words of praise。Comrades in Taiwan, China, even studied the risks of the ban.、Quote this book。Wang Yuzheng, who just returned from the United States、Domestic Tian Yuqing，I was not familiar with Tang Changzheng at that time，The former reads "The History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" "The eyes are on，Surprised "，Excellence of the book is impressive; the latter "After reading it，Feel the emergence of the unusual army "，I believe that "Mr. Tang has captured the commanding heights of all the history of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties"，"Continue Chen Yinque，Established a new road sign "。​​It should be said，Tang Changzhang's "The History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties" and other works，It is an iconic achievement that can represent the research level of the Sixth Dynasties, Sui and Tang dynasties in New China。

"Tang Shu Bing Zhi Zhi Zheng" information picture      "Three theories of the History of the Sui and Tang Dynasty in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties"

　　Empirical history and materialist history

In the 1930s, I dropped，Emphasized historians that emphasize historical data for the examination have long been orthodox for a long time，Enter the 50th，History of Materials History becomes the mainstream in the domestic historical community。Tang Changzhang's "History of the History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties" published in 1955 said: "，I deeply realize that attempting to solve the fundamental problems in history，Must master the theory of Marx Leninism。"This is after his hard theoretical exploration and historius practice，The bitter words and experience from the heart of the lungs。In his opinion，Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties, the "fundamental bet365 best casino games problems" in the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties in the Sui and Tang dynasties，First of all, it is necessary to understand the position of this era in the long river of Chinese history，What changes have happened compared to the front and rear eras，To grasp the characteristics of the era or social nature。Judgment of social nature，He focuses on the socio -economic form，Start with the elements of production relations，7047_7053、Zhan Tian class、Juntian and other land systems (ownership)，Households、Renting Yong Tune、Two -tax laws and other service systems include the Yinke Yin Tuban system (distribution form)，Especially for the status of the customer and the tribal status and its changes (producer status) of the main workers on the feudal land (producer status)，Come to determine the social nature and changes of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties。This academic road is obviously in line with the basic principle of the historical view of materialism。If you are discussing the formation of the scholars、Connotation of the door valve system，He particularly emphasizes the economic privilege of tax -free or exempt from taxi;，Pay about the status of the two most important livestock and agricultural production undertakings and its main workers at the time.。The historical view of materialism has been integrated into the empirical research of Tang Changzhang on these specific problems。

When the history of the historian commodity goes to the historical materialism, it is the trend，Those who "do not cooperate with the world with closed doors in closed doors" like Chen Yinque，It is an example。Find a chapter and pick sentence "label"，Classic with historical facts，Discussing (generation) history even discuss the dogma of service history，It was not uncommon at the time。Tang Changzheng quoted Guo Moruo's so -called learning Marxism -Leninist "unable to learn"，Cover this kind of phenomenon，At the same time, there is also the meaning of self -alert。As far as he published "The History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties", "The Continuation of the History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" and the first draft was written in the "History of the History of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" at the time，It seems that the above -mentioned dogma "common problem"，The quotation of the classic writers of Marxist writers in the book，But the argument in history，On history，Basic principles and viewpoints of the historical view view、Method，It is reflected in the perspective and analysis and argument of empirical inspection。other，Historical Materials Collection of Fishing Fishing，Strict research without any unbelief，Differential argument that is analyzed in the micro，Plaza's expression style，Make his argument show a strong empirical color。plus these books consisting of a single topic thesis，It seems that the topic is scattered but no uniform system，Therefore, in the impression of many people，He is a "empiricalist" "empiricalist"。Published by the summary of his later years "The three theories of the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties"，Just as shown in the sub -title of the book，It aims to discuss "the formation of the feudal society in China and the change in the early stage"，For the first time, I proposed the theory of the Wei Jinfeng of the Lord，In the pen of Ruye，The development process of the 700 -year history of China from the 3rd to the 9th century、Features and changes show nothing。Monday Liang's evaluation of this book "High House Jianyu，Body Big Simple "，"Change of ancient and modern，Then the change of the north and south (dynasty)，Changes (Fang) Change，Flating the penetration，The head is the Tao "; however," almost every problem is based on the micro test，Re -macro explanation。... All use specific examples and arguments，Refers to the actual way out "。Tian Yuqing, also known as "Almost every major problem involved in this book，All have the papers recognized by Mr. Tang as the basis of the historical circles. "。It can be seen that Tang Changzheng grows in the research，but not only the test，Not to verify it for research，Instead, I always start with the analysis of specific historical facts，To grasp the general trend and law of historical evolution。As long as he compares many of his special papers with "Three theories of the History of the Sui and Tang Dynasties of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties"，It can be known that these papers even include some dense and subtle research，Almost all of them have their own positions in the "Three theory of the Sui and Tang History of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties"。His Wei Jinfeng Construction Theory，It is based on the humility and universalization of feudalization of farmers since the Han Dynasty.，Among them, the most critical information is bet365 best casino games "Hou Han Book · Ma Yuan Biography", especially "Water Sutra" and the "Tianhu" that is divided into half of the Maidian，"Three Kingdoms · Mi Zhu Biography", especially "Water Sutra Note", is fixed in Mi Zhu Tianzhuang、Entering agriculture and animal husbandry labor on the ranch、The "Mi Family" of the identity "closer to the serf"。These people can be seen but the key information that rarely notices it，and a large number of other related historical materials formed by the evidence chain，Sitting in the process of workers on the feudal land on the occasion of the Han and Wei Dynasties。Organic combination of historical data interpretation and theoretical analysis of the same way，Fully shows the artistic charm of empirical history and the theoretical power of materialist history。

Tang Changzhang used the historical materialist view to analyze the history of the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties，When the theoretical framework is found to conflict with empirical research，He respects the truth of history。The 1950s，He has accepted the perspective of the state -owned system of feudal land，Later, through in -depth research, the land system of the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties，I feel that this view does not match the historical history of China，Finally give up。Two important papers that have been published publicly before and have been well received ("The Genesis of the Mattian System and its Destruction", "The Formation of the Gate Valve and its decline")，Due to this view，In the later publishing papers,，He refuses income。Material History View provides the theoretical weapon for solving the "fundamental bet365 best casino games problems" in the history of Chinese and ancient，But when he uses this theory from Europe，To the tendency to simply appear in China that is easy to appear in China，Keep high degree of vigilance，Always emphasize the "Asian" features of Chinese feudal society。

Japanese scholar Ikeda has summarized Tang Changzheng's research characteristics as "organically integrates traditional empirical history with Marxism's materialist outlook"。Zhang Gong said, "The combination of historical materialism and the history of Yining (empirical)，Achieving the history of Mr. Tang "。Empirical history is closely combined with the historical view of materialism，It is an important reason that he can achieve outstanding achievements in many areas of the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang dynasties。

　　(The author is a lifelong professor of East China Normal University、Director of the Academic Committee of History)