Zheng Tianting (1899-1981)，Zi Yisheng，People from Changle, Fujian。Enrolled in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University in 1917。Served as associate professor of the Chinese Department of Peking University since the 1930s、Professor，Professor of bet365 kentucky bonus code Department of Southwest Associated University、General Bursar，Deputy Director of the Institute of Liberal Arts, Peking University。After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War，Professor of the bet365 kentucky bonus code Department of Peking University、Department Head、Secretary-General。Transferred to Professor of bet365 kentucky bonus code Department of Nankai University in 1952、Department Head。Served as Vice President of Nankai University in 1963。Also served as executive chairman of the Presidium of the Chinese Historical Society、Chief Editor of "Chinese bet365 kentucky bonus code Dictionary"、Convener of the bet365 kentucky bonus code Group of the Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, etc.。

Zheng Tianting is one of the representatives of the older generation of historians created during the May Fourth Movement in my country，He inherited the simple style of rigorous scholarship in the Qing Dynasty、Profound ancient literature foundation and the research spirit of democratic thought and academic freedom since the May 4th Movement，So his historical achievements have the characteristics of the times in Chinese academic bet365 kentucky bonus code since the May Fourth Movement。

　　Seeking bet365 kentucky bonus code and being pragmatic

We study bet365 kentucky bonus code，The first thing is to find its truth。Only truth is useful to us now。Zheng Tianting once said many times that “the study of bet365 kentucky bonus code requires truth、Please use。The first thing is to seek truth，Then you can ask for help，The request is really not easy”。This involves a practical issue in our study of bet365 kentucky bonus code，How to seek the truth，This Qianjia School of Qing Dynasty made important contributions to the academic development of our country，A group of classics historians and philology experts who have conducted in-depth research on ancient China have emerged。On the one hand, they solved some difficult academic problems in ancient times，On the other hand, some verification methods have been created to solve these difficult problems，These textual research methods emphasize the need to carefully read and understand ancient books。

To understand ancient books，Must understand ancient pronunciation。Gu Yanwu, a master of textual criticism in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Reading the Nine Classics will lead to self-examination，The beginning of Kao Wen’s acquaintance with music，Even hundreds of schools of thought，Everyone is like that。" (Gu Yanwu's "Reply to Li Zhide") Because ancient writing is different from modern writing，To understand the original meaning of ancient characters，Must know its pronunciation，Because of the same word，Different pronunciation，The meaning is different，The so-called "literacy and pronunciation review，I know its meaning" (Hui Dong's "Preface to the Ancient Meanings of the Nine Classics")。This is to say，To understand ancient books，Must understand philology and phonology。Secondly，You also need to understand the regulations and geographical bet365 kentucky bonus code of the time，Perform mutual certification，The proof must have at least two pieces of evidence and circumstantial evidence，This certificate is self-proof，Circumstantial evidence must be taken from other books，can be established。Isolated evidence must be doubtful。Zheng Tianting graduated from the Chinese Studies Department of Peking University，Studied by Qian Xuantong, a master of phonology and rhyme exegesis。He once said，They were studying at the time，A book of "Erya"、A book of "Guangyun"、A book of "Shuowen"，Read frequently，Reading ancient Chinese literature is "Selected Works"。So，He has a profound foundation in paleography and phonology，Regarding some difficult historical issues，Most of them are researched using this research method。For example，His paper on Tibetan research, "Looking and Dialogue on the Land of Faqiang", used ancient philology、Phonology、Mutual verification of geographical bet365 kentucky bonus code，Proved that Faqiang in the "New Book of Tang" is the ancestor of Tubo，There were contacts with the Central Plains as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty before the Sui and Tang Dynasties。Study bet365 kentucky bonus code，Especially ancient bet365 kentucky bonus code is inseparable from textual research，Only after verification，Only in order to find the truth of bet365 kentucky bonus code，Only the real stuff，It is useful to know people，So usefulness is based on truth。Unreal things，Not only useless，It will also have the opposite effect。

About requesting use，Different times and different people have different understandings。Gu Yanwu proposed "making practical use of the world"，It is useful to the national economy and people’s livelihood，Useful in governing the world and bringing peace to the people。A series of papers written by Zheng Tianting during the Anti-Japanese War: "The Clan and Bloodline of the Royal Family of the Qing Dynasty" and "The Changes in Several Etiquette and Customs Before and After the Qing Dynasty Entered the Pass"，All to investigate the reality of bet365 kentucky bonus code，To expose the conspiracy of Japanese imperialism。So，His research is not a pile of old papers、Academic for academic sake, divorced from reality。So for use，Cannot be measured with a pragmatic attitude，Must comply with the objective laws of development。Today，We should inherit his fine style of study and academic legacy，Strengthen the study of ancient documents。This means we do things，In addition to having good intentions，You also need to have good skills。

　　Attach importance to bet365 kentucky bonus code

Before the founding of New China，Zheng Tianting is called the "historical data school"，This is of course one-sided and incorrect，But it is a fact that he values ​​Shi Ke。Historical materials are the raw materials for studying bet365 kentucky bonus code，“It’s hard for a clever woman to make a meal without rice”，How can you make rice without rice？bet365 kentucky bonus code has become the past，We need to understand the past bet365 kentucky bonus code，Can only be based on materials left over from bet365 kentucky bonus code，With text，With real objects。Zheng Tianting once said: "We study bet365 kentucky bonus code，Based on facts，Fact is the unity of phenomenon and essence，Know the facts based on historical data。”Because bet365 kentucky bonus code is an objective existence，Objective existence cannot be created arbitrarily，So know the facts，Must be based on historical data，Cannot rely on subjective imagination。For historical materials，He emphasized the need to possess Shike in detail，Each piece of historical data is just a fragment of an event，To study a historical event，Understand its full bet365 kentucky bonus code，Must possess information in detail，Including the front、reverse。When conditions permit，Possess as much information as possible，Pay special attention to newly discovered information，Then we can draw correct conclusions from this information。Zheng Tianting has spoken many times，When we make judgments about a certain historical event, we must "have basis for every word"，There are origins everywhere”。Lack of materials，"Isolated evidence" can only be doubted，Don’t just look for materials that suit your wishes。He thinks，Historical data does not equal bet365 kentucky bonus code，Historical data are only from a certain historical era、A certain historical event is scattered、Fragmentary or even repeated information，Only scientific refinement of data、Analysis、Organization，Only can it become bet365 kentucky bonus code。So，He particularly emphasized the need for extensive connection and in-depth analysis of data，Extensive contact means all aspects involved in historical materials，Such as the background of the times、Rules and regulations，It makes sense up, down, left, and right，No contradiction，Because historical events are intrinsically related to each other，It doesn’t make sense in this respect，That aspect doesn’t make sense，If something doesn’t make sense, try to explain it，It’s easy to find out。This is a common phenomenon in our historical research，In order to stick to your point of view，Interpret any historical data that does not conform to your own views，Only select materials that conform to your own views，Disregard or turn a blind eye to contrary material。It can be seen from this，Collecting materials and analyzing materials in historical research，We must also make great efforts。

Regarding the issue of possession of historical materials，He once said，There are some deadlock problems in bet365 kentucky bonus code，Unable to solve due to insufficient historical data。These questions，Predecessors have been entangled for decades or hundreds of years，If people don’t have new materials now，Don’t do it blindly，To avoid wasting energy and gaining nothing。This point is of great practical significance，Some people who are new to bet365 kentucky bonus code，Not aware of this situation，Always want to become famous by doing these questions，Propose some subjective assumptions and look for historical materials，This is actually not advisable。

The development of bet365 kentucky bonus code is an objective process，The reason is first，The result will be later，When we study a certain historical event，We must also start with the cause，Go deeper step by step，Finally reached the result，Never reverse the relationship between cause and effect。Zheng Tianting’s opinion on this issue，Historical Research and Nature、Technical research is the same，There is also a scientific method: causation cannot be reversed；The time sequence cannot be confused；bet365 kentucky bonus code is moving forward，Cannot use later developments to reflect the time。These three items are extremely important for our study of bet365 kentucky bonus code。bet365 kentucky bonus code cannot be repeated，Because it cannot be repeated，Leave a lot of room for people’s subjective inferences，Some people often use results to explain the reasons，Or take the result as the premise to find the reasons suitable for the result，narrating bet365 kentucky bonus code，It seems that the development of bet365 kentucky bonus code goes straight to the theme from the beginning。This view is based on the present and the past，Use the results to attach the reasons，Reversed cause and effect，It is a kind of historical fatalism，Separated the whole picture of bet365 kentucky bonus code。This phenomenon is something we must be wary of in our current historical research。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 kentucky bonus code, Nankai University)