Bian Zhilin (1910-2000)，Famous Chinese poet、Scholar、Translator and critics。December 8, 1910，Born in Tangjia Town, Haimen, Jiangsu。I used the pen name Ji Ling、Forest、Lao Yan, etc.。Bian Zhilin is studying in elementary and junior high schools in his hometown。1922，Entering Shanghai Pudong Middle School，Start contact with Chinese and Western literature and progressive thoughts。Summer 1929，Entering the English Department of Peking University，Start writing poems in the second year。Early poetry works received Chinese classical poetry and modern poet Xu Zhimo、Snacks and other new rhythm poems，and Valery、Rilk、Illut、Orton and others' poems influence。

After graduating from college in 1933，Yu Baoding、Teaching in Jinan and other places，and participate in the editor's literary journal "Ice Star"。In the same year，Published the first collection of poems "Three Autumn Cao"。Since then，"Fish Eye Collection" and "Hanyuan Collection" (with Li Guangtian、He Qifang is together)、"Ten Years Poems" and other poems。These poems represent the highest achievement created by the poem of Bian Zhilin，Crites think that it is ancientized Europe、"New Moon" and enter "Modern"，Duke of a family，Self -created Gao Ge。As one of the pioneers of modern Chinese poetry，Its influence flow at the time，below and the 1940s "Nine Leaf" Poetry School，Far overseas，Even the exploration and development of later poetry also had a certain impact。

In the early stage of the Anti -Japanese War，Bian Zhilin was a lecturer in Sichuan University。1938 to 1939，Go to Yan'an、Visit and experience of the front line of the Anti -Japanese War。1940，Teach at Southwest United University。After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War，Professor of Nankai University。1947，Invitation to the British Cultural Council，Go to Oxford University as a visiting scholar。After 1949，Professor of Western Language Department, full -time Peking University、Researcher at the Institute of Literature at Peking University。The 1950s，I visited Poland。After 1964，Researcher at the Institute of Foreign Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences。2080s，Visit the United States。

Poetry，Bian Zhilin also writes novels、Prose and Literature Review。After the founding of New China，He is mainly engaged in foreign literary translation and research。Works and translations with "Blacht's Patrol", "Shakespeare Tragedy Streams", "West Window Collection", "Victorian Queen Biography", "Adolf", "Azolin Small Collection", "New Food", "New Food", " "Purple Girl", "Four of Shakespeare Tragedy", etc.。

2080s，I just joined the editorial department of "World Literature" shortly，The then editor -in -chief Gao Mang took me to visit Feng Zhi、Bian Zhilin、Ge Baoquan and other editors。In front of these predecessors，I dare not talk casually，Always fear that words will be too naive、Not level、Not level，I had to listen quietly，Express my respect with silence and smile。Mr. Feng Zhi, who wrote "My loneliness is a snake", has everyone's style，Sit on the desk，Limplate straight、Sound Hong Liang，No matter what you say，can firmly grasp your eyes。Mr. Ge Baoquan, who translates the popular "Haiyan", is particularly enthusiastic、easy -going、Smile can be，Delivery tea and hand water，It makes people feel like a spring breeze。And Mr. Bian Zhilin Qingxiu、Slimous，slightly reserved but mild，Sit quietly，Eyes flashed behind the lens，I don’t want to look at us，Just look at the place in front of you，The voice of the speech is soft、Very light，It is like my self -talk or asking bet365 live casino games for self -answering，Although I don’t understand。I basically don’t understand，Although I don’t understand，I still feel the charm of the gentleman's words，At that time, I was even curious: If Mr. Bian recite his "Broken Charter"，What will it taste?

The first meeting，The author of "Broken Charter" left me the impression: as if a poet in an ivory tower，completely immersed in your inner world。Later，More works from Mr. Bian、After understanding his more life resumes，I understand that my impression is wrong。Real Bian Zhilin，In the bone is a poet and literati who faces the earth and faces the earth。

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Bian Zhilin was born in Tangjia Town, Haimen County, Jiangsu Province。According to his own description，Haimen County is just "a new sand with only one or two hundred years of history in the river and sea，80 % of living in the south bank is an immigrant for evacuation or reclamation of the south bank，Can't say Romantik "。Childhood，He has read ancient cultural books such as "Thousands of Poems", "Three Hundred Tang Poems", "Mencius", "Zuo Zhuan"。Youth Nature，He reads Bingxin’s "Star"、Guo Moruo's "Goddess"、Xu Zhimo's poems、Wen Yiduo's "Dead Water"，Given a strong interest in the new poem，and start learning to write poems。Also at that time，He came into contact with Lu Xun’s "Scream"，I have a preliminary understanding of Lu Xun's work。At the same time，His language talent has appeared when he was in middle school，In high school, I can read Shakespeare's drama in English and poetry of Corler's ruling，and quietly translated Corler's ruling more than 600 lines of narrative poems "Gu Zhouzi Yong"。When I was in high school，Under the introduction of progressive teachers and classmates，His contact with Marxism -Leninist works and progressive ideas，Buried a grain of the seeds that will affect his life。Although Haimen County is just a landed place，But not far from Shanghai，Various styles、trend、Message and influence will always blow in time。Early wise and sensitive Bian Zhilin's reading and writing words，Message and influence will always blow in time。Two tide in middle school，He did not hesitate to stand on the side of his classmates，Because he understands this is the general trend、The people's heart is。

1929，Bian Zhilin is admitted to the English Department of Peking University from Shanghai Pudong Middle School。He said that he chose Peking University in the distant north，Not only for the yearning for the birthplace of the May 4th Movement，It was also the evasion of the dark reality that was desperate at the time。Bian Zhilin said a paragraph that Dai Wangshu said，Actually, he also exposed his own mentality: "A group of honest and sensitive poets around 1927 or at the beginning of a few years later，Different roads taken，It can be said that it is rooted in the same reason -general disillusionment。Facing the reality of the cricket，Drop a positive struggle，Most of them do not have the hard work of art，Avoid reality，Make the rest of them look for ways in the art of seeking art。”

This can be seen，The so -called "avoidance" of Bian Zhilin is actually another search。In his opinion，"Patriotic Heart、A sense of justice，Also always the valuable tradition of the decent scribes that have always been conscience and conscience in China "。This is why he was particularly willing to work closely with his classmates during college。It is at Peking University，In addition to learning English，I learned French again，Greed up his reading field and translation field。Under the appreciation and support of Xu Zhimo，Bian Zhilin began to publish poems with the real name，The translation has never stopped。That is to say，From the beginning，Bian Zhilin is embarrassed on the literary world as a poet and translator's dual identity。These two identities have always affected each other in the long years、Massive、bet365 live casino games Make up for each other，Finally made Bian Zhilin become Bian Zhilin。

This period，His creation and translation clearly reflect his ideological state，or more precisely，Is the state of the soul。"Night Rain" is Bian Zhilin's early work，The poet wrote this:

My soul is on the street,

Rain, you are so heavy!

He is still walking now,

I can't move a step,

Poor! He was shaking all over.

He is still carrying the dream baby,

Take a step and a little tears,

I haven't found my hometown yet,

Rain, he is too tired,

But how can I rest on the road?

From this poem，We can clearly see a youth，or a generation of youth，At that dark、confusion、Special mentality in the turbulent years。Although the darkness is boundless，Night Rain Mian Long，Coldness strikes，But the soul is still on the street，With dreams，Topy body is looking for a place where you can settle。No matter how hard it is，As long as I didn’t find my own "hometown"，The soul will not stop for a moment。

Creation，His eyes are not only investing in the inner world，Similarly to the world，Investment in daily life，Set into those most unusual people。The poet has super ability to capture daily details and life scenes，Under his calm treatment，These details and scenes immediately emit the exciting charm and meaning。"Several people" a poem is typical:

The shouting "Rock Sugar Gourd" for sale,

I didn't care if I ate a gray image;

Looking at the white pigeons in the sky,

Petal stepped stepping on Shahe,

When a young man meditates on the desert street.

The empty knife that sells radish is empty,

One burden of carrots smirk in the sunset,

When a young man meditates on the desert street.

Dwarf Hua Ziyi watched his long shadow,

When a young man meditates on the desert street:

Some people hold a bowl of rice sigh,

Some people listen to others' dreams in the middle of the night,

Some people wear a red flower on white hair,

Like the edge of Xueye, hold a round of sunset ...

This is a scene on the streets of Beiping at dusk。Seemingly messy、San Man、Several characters who do not match the world，It has become an organic overall because of a young man who is thinking on the deserted street，with the inner connection。These people have one thing in common: they are facing difficult days，I am struggling，It seems to be looking forward to，It's just a different posture。Young people can further dig through contemplation，So the contemplation actually turned into a question: Why do some people sigh with a bowl of rice? Why do some people listen to others' dreams in the middle of the night?，Like the edge of Xueye, hold a round of sunset? And his meditation，Poetry、The meaning of tension and leisurely has already come to the face。Young contemplative is the core and key in the poem。Critics Li Jianwu once wrote an article elaborated the meaning of the contemplator: "Their life has a fiery emotion，Their soul has a sober reason ... they do not want to be common，Back to their own inner，谛 Listen to the melody of life coordination。Humble Yu Yu，Ashamed to communication，They are hidden in their respective words，Experience the last struggle of the soul。They are alive，Hirosomes mixed in society，Watch the impermanence of human nature。"" The contemplator of Bian Zhilin through poetic shaping and refining was a large number of at the time，Has representative significance。

From these two poems, we can see some characteristics of Bian Zhilin's poems: good at capturing life scenes，Significant use of dialogue and monologue，Pay attention to the freshness and rhythm of language，Pay attention to the overall meaning of poetry。Talking about poetry creation，Bian Zhilin has repeatedly emphasized the two impacts and revelations of Xu Zhimo and Wen Yiduo on him: First, in the dramatic scene depiction，First, in the flexible use of spoken language。

Scholar Zhang Manyi analyzed in the book "Bian Zhilin's Translation": "Bian Zhilin has shown from early works that he is attracted by his" relative "concept，This may be due to the ‘real’ he understands from his understanding，but relative，Many different and even contradictory things exist at the same time，How to unify these contradictions is a philosophical problem，It has also become a long -lasting problem in his creation。"Zhang Manyi thinks，"Zhuangzi" bet365 Play online games and Marx doctrine provide the theoretical basis for the poet's solution to the poet，"But the poet is not a philosopher after all，He has no self -made system theory，and using relative concepts as the organizational method of poetry "。

Marxist theory has always attracted Bian Zhilin，Especially Marxist dialectics won the heart of the poet。"Relators" is a key concept in the dialectics，Bian Zhilin's famous "Broken Charter" poem best reflects this concept:

You stand on the bridge to see the scenery,

Seeing the landscape seeing you upstairs.

Mingyue decorated your window,

You decorated the dream of others.

"Relators" is both a method，Another angle，Even becoming a certain theme。"Relators"，Bin owner Easy position，Bin owner Easy position，Character replacement，"You" and the people upstairs are the landscape、Decoration of each other，Unconsciously，All become the landscape in the landscape。Just four lines，It seems to come in hand，But so witty、ingenious、Natural，Endless aftertaste。Test after time，"Broken" has become a classic in modern Chinese poetry，Is Bian Zhilin's most loud poem business card。

　　For the workers, "I have a meaningful meaning with feelings"

August 1937，After hearing the news of the fall of Beiping and Tianjin，Bian Zhilin, who is always worried about the country and the people, is deeply shocked and painful，What does he decide to do some，To invest in the Anti -Japanese War with actual actions。March 1938，In Chengdu，He and He Qifang、Fang Jing、Zhu Guangqian、Xie Wenbing and others founded "Work" half -monthly，Common goals with "propagating the War of Resistance Against Japan and Supporting Social Justice"，Articles that reflect the experience of the theater and escape from each issue，and the miscellaneous text of the time disadvantages。According to Zhang Manyi，"This journal not only records the sharp change of the style of the text，For the case of Bian Zhilin，In addition to the translation of Jide's left leaning work "New Food" in the serialization of "Work"，In the fourth issue, the number of prose in the anti -Japanese war on the side of the anti -Japanese war is called "The Map is Move"，Also marked the transfer of the direction of the material "。

Enter the summer，Bian Zhilin quietly prepares for an important and risky itinerary。This is the trip to Yan'an。Speaking of the original intention of Yan'an trip，He revealed his own mind in the "Self -preface of" Evancin Calendar ":" Completely fighting the war，Excitement of people in the whole country。Cannon Fire flipped throughout the world，The combination of the crowd，It also broke my private dream in the discrete ... the general trend，Due to patriotism、Promotion of sense of justice，I also think of Yan'an to visit once，Especially for the troops who are fighting behind the enemy to live for a while。"" Not only that，Bian Zhilin also regards the trip to Yan'an as a test and exercise for himself，I hope to inject vitality into the future life、Indicate direction。The trip to Yan'an is undoubtedly the highlights and precious chapters of Bian Zhilin's life，Therefore，Various evaluations of Bian Zhilin、Metropolis of monographs and research articles will focus on this chapter。According to various documents、Records and self -report of Bian Zhilin himself，Let's briefly restore the passage of its Yan'an trip: August 14, 1938，Bian Zhilin and He Qifang and Sha Ting embarked on the road to Yan'an。They take a car first，north of the Sichuan -Shaanxi Highway，24th to Baoji。The next day，Transfer to Longhai Railway Express to Xi'an，Living in the Eighth Route Army Office。28th，The car from the office leaves Xi'an。31st，Arrival Yan'an。A group lives in the Northwest Hostel，Instead of putting it on the gray cloth uniform worn by Yan'an cadres and the army officers and soldiers。He Qifang and Sha Ting are allocated，Teaching at Lu Xun Academy of Art。Bian Zhilin only plans to make a short Bet365 app download -term visit，Stay in the Cultural Association。early September，Under the arrangement of Zhou Yang，They went to meet Mao Zedong。Mao Zedong encourages writers to go ahead to experience battle life。Just wait for departure to go to the front line，Bian Zhilin studied the "Concise Course of the Party History of the Communist Party (Bu)" and Mao Zedong's "On the Musles"。They are finally divided into two ways to go ahead: He Qifang and Sha Ting followed He Long to the northwest of Jin to Jizhong Plain;，With Commander Zhu De went to the Taihang Mountains in the south of the Jin Dynasty。On the front line，卞，Extremely serious and meticulous，Do not let go of every opportunity to interview and experience，contact a large number of officers and soldiers in front of the front，witnessed the front line of the Anti -Japanese War。

Bian Zhilin lived in Yan'an and the front line for a year。He calls Yan'an as "another world",A world that let him see hope and future。This experience gives him a more in -depth understanding and understanding of the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong，and in the creation, he harvested twenty poems for him、Two short stories，and several prose and communication reports。where，The most noticeable is "Comfort Collection"。Yuan Kejia said that this group of poems is a new type of political lyric poem。No matter what，These poems are all sincerely revealed by Bian Zhilin，It is also the intentional change and expansion of his poetic road。He said: "No true feelings，I will never write poems。"Read this set of poems，We noticed，Poet with admiration、Praise and move，Put your eyes on the respectful and lovely people，Found gloss and poetry on them、Hope and Future。These people have the warriors who seize the horse、Workers in the coal cellar、Girl in the Stabbing Cars、The company of the grid with your fingers、The masses of the steel rail、Children with whistle、Youth Open in the Northwest、The god gunner in front、Director of the Political Department，There are also leaders of the overall leadership of the Anti -Japanese War。

The trip to Yan'an not only allowed Bian Zhilin to withstand the test and exercise，Also made him inspiring and sublimating in thought and spirit。The responsibility and mission of the writer，For the ego and the big ego、one -sided and comprehensive、Limited and infinite、The relationship between literature and reality，Bian Zhilin also has clearer and mature views。The trip to Yan'an also changed his poetic style，Entering a new stage in creation。

　　"This constellation is not prominent, but it is subtle with unique glory"

Time proof，Bian Zhilin is always pursuing progress、Intellectuals who pursue light。Disciple Qiu Xiaolong revealed in the commemorative article，Bian Zhilin once told him，In the late 1940s，During his visiting scholar in the UK，I heard that domestic changes are overwhelming，Decided immediately to return to China，Investment in the revolution and construction of New China with all myself。In order to be the most plump、The purest gesture welcomes New China，He even wrote the eight -year novel "Mountains and Rivers".，I believe that this work is too long for children，Not in line with the atmosphere of the times at that time。At the end of 1948，He first arrived in Hong Kong for his passenger ship，And Dai Wangshu's accompaniment to go north from Hong Kong to the north，All the way to defending the cargo，Land ashore in Tanggu，Take the train again，"Finally returned to the liberated Beijing in March 1949"。After arriving at Peiping，Zhou Enlai is accompanied by Zhou Yang，Visit them in the guest house where he went to Bian Zhilin and Dai Wangshu，Talk to them cordially。1943，Bian Zhilin once visited Chongqing，After Zhou Enlai learned，Invited him to talk to the office，Leave him for dinner。When I see Zhou Enlai again，Bian Zhilin feels particularly kind。October 1, 1949，Bian Zhilin as progress and bet365 best casino games patriots，Invited to participate in the National People's Republic of China in Tiananmen Square。

"Literary Literature" is the concept proposed by the French literary criticism world，Used to describe French writer Peggy、Aragon, Sartre and others' works。The writer is in the sharp social change，It should abandon the position outside the matter，Intervention in social contradictions and conflicts with an active attitude，To seek change reality，So as a responsibility to society。This is the basic meaning of "undertaking literature"。"Literature" researcher Edres believes: "The writer has the right to ask the society to give him the freedom to create him，Society also has the right to require writers to have a sense of responsibility。Recognize the dialectical relationship between this double demand and them，I have to take the three flavors of literature。"Bian Zhilin obviously agreed with the advocacy of" undertaking literature "。Acting in the United States and aid North Korea、Land Reform、Agricultural Cooperation and other campaigns，He is actively investing，Enter the grassroots，Deep Living，Write a batch of close to reality、Poetry and prose of echoing the times。In "" Evil Calendar "，Bian Zhilin talked about his performance during this period: "This new period after liberation，I go to the actual life of social life，Visit the countryside、Labor or work is more，Time is short and long，Occasionally write poems，Except for sensuality and rational understanding, there is a qualitative difference，firmly believes that it is to serve socialism，In addition to being consciously rewritten by the spontaneous and consciously rewriting the working people，Especially workers and peasants，In addition, the poetic style is basically the continuation of the previous period。"1956，Bian Zhilin joined the Communist Party of China。This is an important step he took on the road of pursuit of progress and light。To keep up with the pace of the times，His time，Study Study Study Marxist theory and Mao Zedong Thought，and use dialectical materialism and historical materialism to engage in literary creation、Research and criticism。What needs to be emphasized is，Bian Zhilin in the creation of this period，In addition to echoing the times and close to reality，Also follow the rules of art，Pursue artistic value，Always pay attention to integrating social effects with literary value。He has always had strict requirements on poetry creation，Total "Love Tao Wash，Love Refine，Looking forward to crystallization，Looking forward to sublimation "。But in that specific era，Pursue artistic value，Still allowing him to suffer from the poem "obscure", "poor tendency", "strange sentence charging，Criticism and crusade。In this case，Poet Bian Zhilin has been in silence for 20 years。

Poetry creation stagnation，Bian Zhilin devoted to foreign literary research and translation。He wants to play his role in another way，Make your own contribution to society。He loves literary translation in his life，Translation of literature as a special creation。He has translated Podlair in one after another before、Malame、Weillen、Gulmum、Valery、Su Peville、Prince、Azarin、Poetry of foreign writers such as Jide、Novel、biography and essay。After entering the New China，He started to translate and study Shakespeare、Byron、Black、Blacht and other foreign writers。British poetry he translated、Jide Novel、Jide Novel、Azarin sketch、Four of Shakespeare Tragedy，All loved by readers。In each period，Especially in the 1970s and 1980s，These translations as Chinese readers and writers provide valuable literary nutrition。

It is worth noting that，In foreign literary research，Bian Zhilin always pays attention to the use of Marxist views and methods。His "On Hamlet" is a typical example。At the beginning bet365 best casino games of this paper，The author shows: "We try to use dialectical materialism and historical materialism.、Viewpoint、Methods scientific research，First require a full picture。But dialectical materialism and historical materialism，On the other hand，Never tolerate the shape and school -style to make a typical image of flesh and blood created by a classical writer into a setting in a painting.。Such a typical image，Under the unified comprehensive understanding，With its deepness，With its energy，still allows people in each era to creative experience，Drawing from it is always the educational meaning of living。"Then，He also extensively recruited Marx、Engels and British and Soviet scholars' views and quotations，The era and social background of "Hamlet"、Thoughts and creation of Shakespeare、The main characters in the play、The ideological and artistic nature of the play has made detailed and rigorous analysis and explanation，believes that "Shakespeare uses realistic creative methods，Typical character through Hamlet，Through the relationship between him and some typical characters around him，Through the appropriate plot and the appropriate language，Vividly and vividly express the advanced figures at the time，For the beautiful ideal of human beings，Consistent with the interests of the people，The spirit of fighting against social sin，The humanitarian glory showed in the struggle "。

December 8, 1990，Bian Zhilin ushered in 80 birthdays。This day，He received Feng Zhi's poem "Gift Lin Lin" for his birthday。From this poem，Mr. I have read for decades of friendship、Understanding、Appreciation and Xiang Xiangxiang。This is the best birthday gift he received。As a peer、Colleagues and Intelligence，This poem by Feng Zhi is also the most poetic summary of Bian Zhilin's life:

The distance between your organization time and space,

things that are not related to the big universe and small universe

The organization is so beautiful and so passionate.

My time and space will not organize,

Just listen to the ruthless years and deal with me

...

You consider the disparity of two languages,

Test the soil of distinguishing areas under the light;

No matter how destiny is to tease your pot.

Your poem is the 樯橹 of the wind and welcoming the wind.

Let's talk about your "Ten Years Poems",

Also talk about the four tragedies you translated,

But often ignores your ten shots of "Vicenstery"

The remaining "Mountains and Rivers and Water" with you cut with you,

No need to go to the high -rise building to read the history of modern literature,

This constellation is not prominent, but it is implicitly unique.

　(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Foreign Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Editor -in -chief of World Literature)