Jin Jingfang (1902-2001)，Word Xiao Village，Liaoning Yi County。Poor family when I was young，Not easy to study，Graduated from the Fourth Normal School of Liaoning Province in 1923，After teaching in elementary and junior high school。1929，Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Promote selection system reform，Jin Jingfang was appointed Director of the Education Bureau of Tongliao County with the first place。Shortless，Adjustment of the Provincial Department of Education，Deep the then director、The appreciation of the famous scholar Jin Yuzheng。After the September 18th Incident，Northeastern University and the public and private institutes have many ancient books in the public and private institutes.，Jin Jingfang acquired with limited financial resources and studied hard，The way to enter academic research with self -learning。1936，Jin Jingfang Exiles，After entering Ma Yijiao in the complex academy founded in Leshan, Sichuan,。Jin Jingfang's early two academic works "Yitong" and "Spring and Autumn Release" are written in this period。1942，"Yitong" won the third prize of the Ministry of Education's "Work Invention and Art Reward"，Jin Jingfang was hired as a full -time lecturer in the Chinese Department of Northeast University，Start with full -time engaging in higher education and academic research。​​After the founding of New China，Jin Jingfang has served as the Northeast Cultural Relics Management Office and the Northeast Library。In 1954, it was transferred to Renmin University of Northeast China (predecessor of Jilin University)，As a professor at the Department of History，Published important papers such as the "On the Division of the Division" and "Several Issues in Chinese Slave Society"。After that，The belief of Jin Jingfang's pursuit of truth has never been shaken。1977，He published the article "On Confucianism"，Clear various errors that appear in the "Evaluation of Confucianism"。After reform and opening up，Jin Jingfang's academic research ushered in new prosperity。"Chinese Social History of Chinese Slave" (1983) concentratedly showed his views in various fields of pre -Qin history，Has become an academic classic。Jin Jingfang is quite concerned about the modernization of traditional thought in his later years，"On Two Cores of Confucius Thought", "Is the Righteousness in Confucius said whether there is a gonolence" and other articles，It embodies his academic pursuit and cultural awareness of his desire to go to the sanctuary。

The 20th century is an important historical stage that Chinese civilization has transformed from tradition to modern transformation，It is also an important period for the development of modern Chinese history and development。China between a century，Various academic trendy trendy trend and clouds。Only Marxism was introduced into China，Historical research can really form a comprehensive breakthrough at the theoretical level，and establish a historic research paradigm and discourse system with Chinese characteristics。As an important Marxist historian，Jin Jingfang is not only good at using Marxist theory and method to solve the specific problems of ancient Chinese history，In the research process of deep historical reality of ancient China，Make outstanding contributions to the development of Marxist historical research。

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"Zhou Yi" is the first of the group scriptures，Has an important position in the history and cultural history of ancient China。"Yi Dao broad，所 所。"" As the Siku Museum said，All astronomy、Geography、Lefi、Military Law、Rhyme、arithmetic，Fire outside the catching side，All can be supported and said。At the same time，All kinds of specific knowledge can be aid to clarify Yixue，to make its academic system continuously enriched、Continuous expansion。This phenomenon is exactly the "Zhouyi" as the system to explain the view of ancient Chinese cosmic、Bet365 lotto review Methodist's text attributes of values。Previous or saying that there was no philosophy in ancient China，That's the saying based on the special form of Western philosophy。"Zhou Yi" is such a philosophical work that can penetrate various categories of traditional academic categories and laid its basic tone。but but，"Zhou Yi" was originally a book of witchfili，Difficult to remove the mysterious color of primitive religion and witchcraft。Modern society in scientific rationality，Of course, a minority of respectable people can still be in their skills，Of course, there are reasons for those who degradate it.。Modernization of traditional Chinese academic different subjects，Yixue Dang is the most difficult。But，Yi Xue as the core component of the Chinese culture tradition，Can it modernize and how to modernize，It is the focus of the whole body in the modernization process of the entire Chinese culture，Is a problem that must be overcome。

Jin Jingfang was a good reading "Zhou Yi" when he was young，However, in the old injection of the predecessors, I can never find the true understanding of the truth。Until the way in exile in the 1930s，You have to read Lenin's "Materialism and Empirical Criticism" and Hu Sang "Getting Started by Material Dialectics" and other books，After contacting Marxist dialectics theory and materialist thought，Starting to have a new understanding of the ancient classic of "Zhou Yi"。1939，Jin Jingfang's experience of learning materialist dialectics，Writing "Yitong"，Later, the reciprocating college taught teacher Xie Wuliang for review。Xie Wuliang evaluates the book，Think "comprehensive hole、Lao Zhixu，and the change of the new learning of the world，Can be described as "Yiyi" "，and encourage Jin Jingfang to "get it, so on.，"Yi" is not difficult to Ming today "。This is the full affirmation of Jin Jingfang's use of Marxist dialectics views。​​After the founding of New China，Jin Jingfang entered Renmin University of China (now Jilin University) to teach，Start systematically learning Marxism -Leninism theory and Mao Zedong Thought，and consciously use dialectical materialism and historical materialism in teaching and scientific research activities。1955，The first academic paper he wrote in vernacular，It is the "Easy Discussion" that has been educated for many years.。In this paper，Jin Jingfang made a systematic combing of the confrontation and unified dialectical thoughts contained in the book "Zhou Yi"。He pointed out，"Zhuangzi · Tianxia" is so -called "Yi" with Tao Yin and Yang，It is a highly general summary of the ideological system of Yi Xue。But the predecessors always spin on the symbols of yin and yang，and Daqian World Similar to Unlimited，Therefore, you can only say more and more confused。Actually，"Zhou Yi" is the Chinese generation's alternative math。It analyzes thousands of pixels and simplifies the two attributes of yin and yang，Then express this world through different combinations of yin and yang。Different attributes of yin and yang，This is the opposition;，This is unified。The word "contradiction" in the sense of modern philosophy of the ancients，Using yin and yang to refer to this kind of opposite and unified relationship。From the concept level，Yin and Yang is contradiction。Therefore，The so -called "Yi" is yin and yang，That is to say, the contradiction is the discussion theme that runs through the book of Zhouyi。Specifically，No matter the scriptures or sixty -four hexagrams，All from Yin、Yang's two hexagram paintings，This is the dialectical relationship that is both opposed and unified。Judging from the "Zhouyi"，Sixty -four hexagrams from the beginning to the end，All are two or two combinations，Non -reverse is right，The unity of 32 contradictions。Jin Jingfang also pointed out，"Zhou Yi" with Qian Kun's two hexagrams，In fact, they are regarded as a pair of special contradictions。Yin and Yang of Qiankun Two Gua, Yin and Yang He De and Rigid Ferry Xiangmo，The remaining hexagrams，and promoted the development and change of the entire hexagram system。The relationship between the two hexagrams and the other hexagrams，As the main contradictions bet365 best casino games mentioned in the dialectics law and the secondary contradiction。other，"Zhou Yi" also uses the sixty -four hexagram of the sixty -four hexagrams，From the Jiji Yin and Yang Sixth, each develops into an unbelievable yin and yang six,，To represent the new contradictions to generate again，The world once again enters a new opposing and unified movement.。This simplicity of "incompetent"，It is also an important manifestation of the dialectical thinking of "exquisite and charming"。Jin Jingfang pointed out，Discuss the dialectical ideas contained in "Zhou Yi"，Not to say that our ancients have constructed a complete dialectical theoretical system，Instead of many concepts of dialectics in modern philosophy，In fact, the ancients had already known or have experienced it for a long time。Ancient Oriental Easy Studies and Modern Western philosophy can have such a wonderful relationship，This is not difficult to understand。Human beings as a unified understanding subject，Its perception of the objective world must have the same side，There is no need to ask West East、Strong division of West East。Dialectics is a scientific description of the general connection of the world，is an important part of the scientific worldview。Huaxia ancestors in long -term production and life practice，The universal phenomenon of all things in the world cannot be perceived without perception。They refine some abstract understanding from the similarity of daily practice，The general rules that are in line with epistemology。

Since "Easy"，Jin Jingfang has written a number of (Ministry) Easy Study Research Works，Become a iconic scholar who uses Marxist theory，Has made outstanding contributions to the modern development of the core component of the Chinese traditional culture of Yi Xue。Contemporary，Chinese learning is increasingly prosperous，Traditionally write a new Chinese chapter。How to eliminate the dross in the old culture，Essence of Everbright，Open up a development path that meets the cultural needs of the new era for traditional development，The theoretical problem that every researcher must think carefully。Jin Jingfang’s easy -to -learn research methods and achievements，It will undoubtedly have important guiding significance。

　　Promote the in -depth research of early social system history in Marxist theory

Research on the Acts and Temple System，It is the two cornerstones that laid the academic status of Jin Jingfang's pre -Qin history research。The reason why he can introduce the new on the old problems of these two classics history、Excellence，All are closely related to his conscious use of Marxist theory to guide your academic research。

Jun Tong and Zong Tong are two or one or one divided into two，Is the main difference between the study of the law system。This difference can be traced back to the difference between Mao Chuan and Zheng Jian, "Poetry, Da Ya · Gong Liu"。Mao Chuan thinks that the king is the big of the world，"The Sect of the Jun"，is the monarch，Azo again。This is the monarch、​​The source of the argument of the ancestors。and Zheng Jian is Shizong as the respect，Profile Jun、Division of the Zong，Zonglong must not interfere with the monarch。This is the monarch、The source of the two -point theory of Zongtong。According to Mao Chuan,，From the beginning of the emperor，All classes of the society do the law。According to Zheng Jian's point of view，Then the emperor and the princes' improper practice，Only Dr. Qing is feasible to the law。Study on the Contemporary Division Law System，Yijun Tong、Ancestral Tonglian One Theory is the mainstream。Contemporary researcher with the legend of hair，It has also designed a pretty strict patriarchal pattern system，Mechanically describes the relationship between the unity of Jun Tong and the ancestors，That is, the emperor is the monarch of the world，It is also a major in the world。Compared to Tianzi，The princes are both ministers in political relations，At the same time, it is a small sect for clan relations at the same time。Press according to this "formula" category，In a country，It has evolved into the princes as a king of one country，It is the community of the bet365 Play online games country。Dr. Qing to the monarch，Just like the princes to the emperor，It is both a monarch and minister，It's a domestic little sect。Similarly，In Dr. Qing's home，Dr. Qing is the monarch of the family，At the same time, it is also a community in the ethnic group。The relationship between and Dr. Shi and Dr. Qing，It's like Dr. Qing to the monarch，The princes to the emperor，It is both a political minister，It is a small sect for the family。Depend on this "formula" to derive，Any blood group with a certain scale，Even in the cricket class，There will be a unity of this political relationship and clan relationship。That is to say，Models must be performed。Actually，This is a mixing of the clan system that has a special political significance in the Zhou Dynasty with the special political significance system.。Early stages of the primitive society and civilized society，Blood groups are often committed to constructing a clan system that can effectively organize their members，to generate more powerful group forces。The ancestral law system is a clan system established by this purpose。But this is not the key to the problem。The key is，The ancestral law system is just a variety of clan systems invented by human society，instead of all the clan system。This is just like the white horse non -horse said in the famous Warring States masters，The extension and inside of the two concepts are inconsistent。The law system contains richer specific content，Therefore, its extension phase is even smaller for the clan system。The ancestral law system is the next -level concept of the clan system。Obviously，Understand the law system only from the general attributes of the clan system，I think that all the blood margins can do the law，It will inevitably lead to misunderstanding of the legal system。Only understanding the special content of the production of the law as one of the clan systems，Only to really know the law system。Actually，Ancient rituals have clearly described the specific content of the ancestral legal system。This is the "Book of Rites and Mourning Series".，Followed by Sect，Polites as Xiaozong "and" Biography "mentioned" There is a hundred generations of unchanged sect，The fifth generation is moved by the fifth generation。Bai Shi does not move，Also after the other sons。Zong Qi's successor's self -produced，Those who do not move in the hundreds of people also。Zong Qi's successor，Fifth Reliers "and so on。Anyone is the sister -in -law who cannot inherit the monarch。The records of these gift books are already very clear，Special clan groups formed according to the law system，Start with the monarch's other，The sister -in -law and the sister -in -law who inherit the position of the Dadong are not the same as the ancestral law。This is the true chisent of the division of the law system and the ancestors。Otherwise, why not directly inherit the emperor or monarch with blood relationship，and take a certain emperor or monarch as the ancestor? Look at the records of "Book of Rites"，The ancestral law system does be weird，Because this genus is arranged to separate the monarch from the relationship between the blood of the blood that the human nature grows,，Make the monarch (including Chu Jun) into the "Peerless People"。Jun Tong、Two points of Zong Tong said that the reason why the contemporary contemporary is relatively "niche"，It is precisely because of its institutional construction and our general knowledge far away。Obviously，Why should Zhou Dynasty build such a special clan system? Adhere to "Book of Rites" and Zheng Shujun、Scholars with two points of point of view，You must answer this question in depth，can people really convince。But，The Confucian classic and the sparse of the past generations are often some self -talked about the theory of cycle theory，It did not deeply reveal the political nature of such an institutional design，So that this problem is still hanging for thousands of years and still unsolved。

1956，Jin Jingfang wrote the article "On the Ancestral Division System"，Two types of production theory of Marxism about human society，greatly promoted the study of this problem。Engels once pointed out，Various systems of human society，bet365 Play online games Based on the development stage of labor，It is also restricted by the family development stage。The more labor is not developing，The more social system is restricted by blood relationships。It is from Engels’s discussion，Jin Jingfang found the key to solve the problem of the ancestral legal system。The ancestral law system is a new system established by Zhou people，At this time, China has already entered a civilized society，The development of labor has provided favorable prerequisites for people's restraints to reduce the constraints of blood races。At the same time，Political Relations、Class relations have achieved great development。Although the blood race relationship and political relationship in society at that time still coexisted，But the development of these two relationships has a long relationship。Zhou people founded and promoted the law system at this historical stage，Its purpose is not to improve the blood system that already exists as early as the original clan stage，Instead, it is necessary to use the original blood family relationship as a real political service，At the same time, the violation of blood relationships that can not be allowed to grow into a natural relationship have been formed and are continuously strengthened.。Therefore，The political purpose of maintaining the monarchy，It is necessary to exclude those content harmful to political relationships in the blood race relationship。So，Although the law system still retains the shell of the clan system in form，It also used the blood tissue relationship between the clan group，But its essence is a political system that serves the monarchy。After human beings enter a civilized society，Political relations have become the core of all organizational relations of human society，Deeply affecting the various organizational relationships formed by people in production and living practice。Standing at this theoretical high of Marxism，Zhou people take other children as their ancestors，Following the following as a sect，This special design of the monarch as the "peerless person"，It is impossible to be the imagination of Confucian students，and can only be an institutional arrangement that the original blood relationship will develop in the Zhou Dynasty。Because there is only the emperor、The highest ruler of the princes sends or unique，Only can effectively prevent the infringement of the blood relationship between the blood races who grow naturally in reality。

Like the law system，Jingtian system is also one of the ancient systems that traditional scriptures focus on，But it is generally questioned by scholars in contemporary times。This is because Confucian designs for this land occupation and farming system，Beyond our "common sense" cognition or imagination of our "common sense" of ancient society, especially ancient society。Hu Shi will follow the morphological characteristics of the "tofu dried block" based on the well -tidy system，I believe that it can only be the idealized design of Confucianism，It is impossible to be a historical facts exist。Guo Moruo、Fan Wenlan and other older scholars, although they acknowledge the existence of the well field system，But I also think that Mencius's specific description can only be "utopian ideal"。Unfortunate is，Study ancient history with the "common sense" of modern people，It may just violate the scientific "common sense" of historical research -that is, the scientific "historicalist" position and attitude of grasping historical facts from the process of historical connection and changes。It is true，The specific content of the well field system comes from the late "Zhou Li" and "Mencius" and other handed down literature，and related institutional arrangements may include the subjective design of Confucianism at that time。But why did the Confucian Confucianism design such neat and seemingly difficult to implement the Jingtian system? Society determines social consciousness，Explain this institutional design only based on the characteristics of the "pedantic" characteristics of Confucianism，Not enough to convince people。After all，Both in the world are struggling with strength and merge、The Warring States Period with unification Bet365 lotto review is a common political goal，Design a system that is completely beyond or even contrary to the common sense of the highest rule，Not 啻 is an academic "suicide" behavior，How to make Confucians grabbing opportunities in the academic environment of hundreds of schools，Get a place to survive? What is worth paying more attention is，Although the Confucian Confucian represented by Mencius was regarded as "far away and wide than things"，It is also rated as "Boshi，Lares and less work "，But these criticisms do not mean that their learning is from fiction or forgery，Instead, it means that their claims do not meet the needs of social politics at that time，The so -called "wide than things"。Confucian since Confucius，It is said that there is a "Zu Shuyao Shun，Charter Culture and Military "characteristics，Words must be called the words of the five emperors and three kings to become the words of Confucianism，This is exactly what the people call the original meaning of the "pedestrian far away"。Although it can not directly meet the needs of politics at that time，But this academic characteristics of Confucianism can justify the ancient system they described，It should be self -dependent on，Trusting。Obviously，Description of the well field system in Confucian works，Give understanding of historical conditions，instead of simply no one，is the scientific attitude and academic responsibility of historian workers。

As early as the early 1960s，Jin Jingfang wrote several papers and lecture reports around the Jingtian system。1981，He published the academic long text "On the Incantian System"，Serial 4，concentratedly expressed his thinking about the fundamental system of the pre -Qin Social and economic field for more than 20 years。He pointed out，Hu applied "tofu dried pieces" to describe Jingtian，Although it is not Zhuang，But the real characteristics of the shape of Jingtian，Not only can not be used as a reason to negate the well field system，On the contrary, it is the powerful basis that the history of the Jingtian system exists。Classic writers described this arable land form and land system that was widely existed during the early stage of the civilized society in the early stage of the civilized society -the Malke Commune System。Marx once vividly described it as "chessboard -like arable land"，This description of the "tofu dried block" of Hu Shi's "dry tofu block" is the same as the same work。But Marx is an objective description based on the actual existence，and Hu Shi simply deny this historical facts according to its general so -called "common sense" or "experience"。The reason why this "common sense" beyond the "common sense" of the current people appears，It is determined by the historical conditions of early civilization stages that just developed from the primitive society。This historical stage，Although there is a serious social layering in society，State power can no longer directly reflect the demands of its ordinary residents，But the equal principle of the ancient clan still occupies an important position in various social behaviors。Under this specific historical conditions，The Jingtian system that can most intuitively reflects the principle of equality and the European Malke Commune system can exist。Relevant discussions on Marxism related to the rural commune，Jin Jingfang truly solved this major problem in the field of Chinese land system research in the early days。

　　Deepen in ancient Chinese historical reality to enrich Marxist history research　　

Marxism is the core motivation to promote the development of contemporary Chinese history。It is undeniable that it is，In the process of using Marxist theory to study ancient Chinese history，Some researchers simply move Marxist historical theory and even some specific conclusions to move hard to China，Created chaos for the study of ancient Chinese history。For example，About the origin of civilization in China、Research on the development of early civilization and the problems of early social structure，Some scholars are divided by Marxism on the five social forms，Simply regard slave society as the first historical stage of entering a civilized society，and mistakenly believe that class confrontation between the slave and bet365 Play online games the slave owner is the main social contradiction in the slave society。Especially outrageous is，They also think that only the slaves tied to the ancient Greek -style owner with ropes are the standard slaves，Therefore, in the study of the origin of Chinese civilization and the history of early civilization development，Fully find this "standard slave"，9312_9342。Actually，Dodglingism of this theoretical use，Not only does the ancient Chinese history actually ignore，Actually, I didn’t really understand Marxism。Classic writers have long pointed out，Slave does hold uprising or riot，But they have never caused the "conscious majority"，Therefore, in the process of historical development，Often becoming the "small stroke of the ruling class"。The two major classes divided into directly opposed -the proletariat and the bourgeoisie，Only in the development stage of capitalist development, it finally appeared。Jin Jingfang According to Marxism's relevant discussion，Think of China's early civilized society of course, of course, there are class confrontation and struggle，But this kind of confrontation and struggle is the confrontation and struggle between different social levels，Not a direct confrontation and struggle between the slave and the slave owner。Jin Jingfang's research on the class and class struggle in the Western Zhou Dynasty，It is on the premise of eating the essence of Marxist theory，Deepening the actual situation of ancient Chinese history，organically combined the two to the final completion。He divided the ruling class of the Western Zhou Dynasty into a royal family、Room、Dr. Qing and Shi Grade，The ruling class will be drawn out of the people、Industry and Commerce、Basu、Muji, etc.。Although they are all ruling class，But there is a level difference in social status。Among them, there are both free people，There are also slaves who have lost their personal freedom。Therefore，Class struggle in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Both the struggle between the ruling class and the ruling class，It also includes struggles between different levels that belong to the ruling class。Like a Chinese riots in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，It is a class struggle that is fiercely held by the Liberal People's United Rule of Middle and Middle and Middle -Low -level aristocrats in the internal and middle -level nobles of the Liberal People's United League。In this struggle，No slave participates。This conclusion is undoubtedly closer to the actual practice of ancient Chinese history，and truly enrich the historius research of Marxism。

The above is just to introduce the main achievements of Jin Jingfang's use of Marxist theory to study the ancient history of Chinese ancient history。In fact，History of the pre -Qin thought in the pre -Qin thought he involved、Ancient historical staging issues and the modernization of traditional culture，You can see the profound impact of Marxism theory on its research。Jin Jingfang uses Marxist theory，On the one hand, it has promoted the in -depth research of ancient Chinese history，and pointed out a correct direction for the modernization process of the excellent traditional culture of China; on the other hand, it also passed the specific discussion of ancient Chinese history，enriched Marxist historical research。This precious academic heritage he left，It is worth thinking about later historical researchers、Actively inherit and carry forward the light。

　　(Mr. Xie Wuliang's evaluation of the book "Yitong" of Jin Jingfang，First see Lu Wenyu's book "Mr. Jin Jingfang's Chronicles"，I than thank you! )

(Author Unit: Department of Chinese History at the School of Literature of Jilin University)