Yang Kuan (1914-2005)，People from Baihejiang Town, Qingpu, Jiangsu (now Baihe Town, Qingpu, Shanghai)，The characters are wide and straight，Famous expert on pre-Qin bet365 coupon code。Graduated from Shanghai Private Guanghua University in 1936，Study under Lu Simian、Jiang Weiqiao、Qian Jibo and others。1936，Participate in the preparation work of Shanghai Municipal Museum。1946，Served as Director of Shanghai Municipal Museum，Part-time professor of the bet365 coupon code Department of Guanghua University。After 1949，Continue to serve as Director of Shanghai Museum。1953，Part-time professor of the bet365 coupon code Department of Fudan University。1959，Transferred to the Institute of bet365 coupon code, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences as deputy director。1970，Transferred to work in the bet365 coupon code Department of Fudan University。Died on September 1, 2005。

Yang Kuan has served as Secretary-General of Shanghai Cultural Relics Preservation Commission、Director of the Antiquities Collection Department、Director of Shanghai Museum、The first to the third vice-chairman of the Chinese Pre-Qin bet365 coupon code Society。Yang Kuan is a pioneer in China’s museum industry，Participate in the preparation of the Shanghai Municipal Museum，And has been the curator for a long time，For the preparation of the Shanghai Museum、Making great contributions to development；Making significant contributions to protecting the national treasure Mao Gong's tripod and preventing the famous smuggled export of bronzes unearthed in Liyu Village, Hunyuan, Shanxi。In addition，Yang Kuan also co-edited the ancient bet365 coupon code section of "Cihai"，Compiled and compiled the pre-Qin part of "Chinese Historical Atlas"、Punctuating "bet365 coupon code of the Song Dynasty" and other work。

Yang Kuan’s scholarship involves Mozi、Ancient bet365 coupon code and legend、bet365 coupon code of Western Zhou Dynasty、Warring States bet365 coupon code、bet365 coupon code of science and technology, bet365 coupon code of institutions and many other fields，Main works include "Introduction to Ancient Chinese bet365 coupon code", "bet365 coupon code of the Warring States Period", "bet365 coupon code of the Western Zhou Dynasty", "Chronological Compilation of Historical Materials of the Warring States Period", "Research on the bet365 coupon code of Capital System in Ancient China", and "Research on the bet365 coupon code of Ancient Chinese Mausoleum System" "bet365 coupon code of the Development of Iron Smelting Technology in Ancient China", "New Exploration of Ancient bet365 coupon code", "Exploration of Ancient bet365 coupon code", "Historical Torrents: Autobiography of Yang Kuan", "Yang Kuan's Academic Essays", "Yang Kuan's Historical Supplements", "Yang Kuan's Six Historical Lecture Notes" and。Yang Kuan published more than 10 monographs in his lifetime，Published more than 360 articles，Written extensively。

As everyone knows，1920s and 1930s，There are three major debates in academia，Respectively: the presence or absence of the well field system、The authenticity of ancient historical legends、The nature of society in ancient China，Correspondingly are the "ancient interpretation school headed by Wang Guowei", "ancient doubting school headed by Gu Jiegang" and "social bet365 coupon code school guided by Marxism"。Yang Kuan gained inspiration from reading these debate articles: "Accepting everything and incorporating it"，Truncate the long part and remove the short part，Thus enriching and improving one’s research capabilities”。

Yang Kuan believes that the social bet365 coupon code debate has positive significance，The main impact of this debate is to stimulate future research on China’s social and economic bet365 coupon code，Created a trend in the future historical circles to attach great importance to the study of social and economic bet365 coupon code，Corrected the tendency of historians in the past to focus on political bet365 coupon code and cultural bet365 coupon code，Start to regard social and economic bet365 coupon code as the basis of political and cultural bet365 coupon code”。Results in economic bet365 coupon code such as "Research on the Ancient Chinese Land System" and "An Overview of Chinese Economic bet365 coupon code" published by the Japanese academic Kato Shigeru，In Chinese academic circles, there is a bimonthly magazine "Shihuo" that publishes research results on economic bet365 coupon code。In addition to affirming the positive impact of the social historical debate，Yang Kuan also affirmed that Guo Moruo, a representative of the social bet365 coupon code school, was systematically organizing、Contribution to the study of oracle bone inscriptions and Zhou Dynasty bronze inscriptions，His two books, "Compilation of Oracles" and "Illustrated Explanations of the Two-week Bronze Inscriptions Collection", were the first to conduct systematic research on oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions。Everyone knows，Yang Kuan was the main force in the later period of the Ancient bet365 coupon code Discrimination School，In the early treatises of the Ancient bet365 coupon code School，Rarely cite the views of the historical materialists，Yang Kuan does not stick to factions，Guo Moruo's insights are widely quoted in the famous work "Introduction to Ancient Chinese bet365 coupon code" included in the seventh volume of "Ancient bet365 coupon code" published in 1940，And give a high evaluation。For example，Gu Jiegang believes that each nation has its own ancestors and legends and worships different gods，The Warring States Period，Many small countries were annexed by several big countries，So someone changed the horizontal system of ancestors and gods of various countries into a vertical system。Yang Kuan disagrees with this view，He believes that the system of ancient bet365 coupon code and legends，It is due to the differentiation and reorganization of the two major mythological systems of the Yin people-Dongyi people and the Zhou people-Xirong people。Therefore，Yang Kuan agrees with Guo Moruo's "Research on Ancient Chinese Society" and "Compilation of Oracles" for comparing the oracles with ancient texts，Think that Shun is Emperor Ku、Gao Zukuang’s point of view。Another example，The rumors about the language include writing errors due to changes in fonts from ancient to modern times，Leading later scholars to learn from their mistakes，Critical。The inscriptions on Yin and Zhou bronzes have many names，The inscription of Tang Zhipan quoted in "The Great Learning" says "Gou Rixin，It’s new again” is really an exception。Guo Moruo suspected that the inscription on the soup plate should be "Brother Qie Xin" based on the Goudao inscription of Shang Dynasty in "Tang Pan Kong Ding Zhi Yang Que"，Zu Qixin，Father Qixin”。The reason for misreading，It’s because the upper end of the inscription is damaged，So "brother" is mistaken for "gou"，Mistaken "and" as "日"，Mistaken “father” as “you”。Can’t explain it，So I agreed with it，Read "Xin" as "新"，So it became "Gou Rixin，New every day，New every day”。Because the word "father" is missing，Close to "you"，The word "And" is missing，Close to "日"，The wrong word for “brother” is “gou”。For this interpretation，Yang Kuan believes that this is Guo Moruo’s “giant eyes and profound knowledge”！1946，Yang Kuande and Guo Moruo officially met。According to Yang Kuan’s recollection: “Guo Moruo lived in Hongkou at that time，There is a small wooden door number hanging at the door of his residence，Write the word "Guo" in your own hand as a mark，It’s very close to the museum，He has come to the museum many times to talk or borrow books。At that time he was editing "The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo"，My "Introduction to Ancient Chinese bet365 coupon code" was quoted in the article discussing the myth of Fuxi by Yiwenyiduo，He came here on a special trip，I want to borrow the seventh volume of "Ancient bet365 coupon code" to read。Tong Shuye and I have visited his home many times，Talk about archeology and cultural relics。Once he took out the manuscript of "A Textual Research on the Curse of Qin and Chu" he had just written to ask for opinions。We are only talking about academic issues，He is very talkative，But my hearing is very poor。”Yang Kuan was the director of Shanghai Municipal Museum。Because of staying outside the debates of the 1920s and 1930s，Yang Kuanneng looks at the pros and cons of the social bet365 coupon code debate more rationally。He believes that articles on social bet365 coupon code polemics have some shortcomings，For example, the materials used are not accurately verified，The method of argument is far-fetched，No in-depth analysis of the development process of social and economic bet365 coupon code，Apply the social development formula to materials, etc.，Even Guo Moruo, who pays great attention to citing materials，Sometimes it is inevitable that some minor problems will occur。

In Yang Kuan’s lifelong academic research，There were two obvious academic shifts before 1949，Started in Mozi research in 1926，In 1933, he slowly turned to the study of ancient bet365 coupon code，In 1939, he turned to the study of Warring States bet365 coupon code，His subsequent "bet365 coupon code of the Warring States" also became his masterpiece，Visible，This turn is very important for Yang Kuan。So what is the reason that caused him to turn to the study of Warring States bet365 coupon code？Yang Kuan recalled in his later years: "Through a comprehensive investigation of this debate (social bet365 coupon code debate - author's note)，Made me realize the importance of studying the bet365 coupon code of social and economic development，It is indeed the key to solving the historical evolution process，But I want to use my personal power to solve key issues in the bet365 coupon code of China’s social and economic development for thousands of years，It’s impossible，You can only choose the key issues，Carry out practical work separately、In-depth exploration，Division of labor and cooperation，Move forward together，It is possible to gradually solve a series of key issues。”Visible，The social bet365 coupon code debate made Yang Kuan realize the importance of social and economic development bet365 coupon code，But it is impossible to study the bet365 coupon code of China’s social and economic development for thousands of years by oneself，Only scholars choose an important field to explore in depth，It is possible to solve a series of key issues in the bet365 coupon code of China’s social and economic development one by one。

　　Actively bet365 coupon code Marxism

After the founding of New China，There has been a nationwide upsurge in studying and promoting Marxism。bet365 coupon code, then director of Shanghai Museum，Entering the state soon，Combining study and work。

Before the liberation of Shanghai，Yang Kuan is appointed director of Shanghai Municipal Museum。May 27, 1949，Shanghai Liberation。June 22，Shanghai Cultural Affairs Bureau sent Hu Juoming from the Municipal Education Department to officially take over the museum。At the takeover meeting，Yang Kuanxian gave a welcome speech，The takeover order will then be read out by Hu Jueming，Announcement of takeover policy，All employees are required to work as usual。And emphasized that future work should have a new style，How to mobilize and guide the working people to come and visit，Edited "Small Series of Chinese People's Cultural bet365 coupon code", etc.。The so-called new style，That is, promoting and learning Marxism，This was clearly stated in Yang Kuan’s letter to the Shanghai Municipal Military Control Commission on August 25，"The Research Department of our library plans to compile popular books，Named as ‘Small Series of Chinese People’s Cultural bet365 coupon code’，The purpose is to popularize correct historical knowledge，Increase national self-confidence，Improving the level of popular culture，The development of dialectics that enables the public to understand bet365 coupon code，Break superstition，Rebukes all decadent things of the feudal ruling class，Praise the outstanding people’s culture in ancient times，And call on the public to actively promote the clear policies of the people’s government”。

1950，"How Labor Created Man" written by Yang Kuan was published in the 7th issue of "Science Popular" (Middle School Edition)，Full taste of learning。Writing at the beginning，“Let’s learn the bet365 coupon code of social development，Attach great importance to the section "From Apes to Humans"。Beijing once held an exhibition，Great harvest，Now I heard that a slideshow is being produced based on the content of this exhibition。Recently, the Shanghai Museum of bet365 coupon code and the Shanghai Science and Technology Slide Show Workshop have also drawn a set of pictures of "from ape to man"，Took slides，The Ministry of Culture of East China is making large-scale preparations to hold the "From Ape to Man" exhibition。This shows that the masses attach great importance to this subject of great educational significance”。After the opening remarks，Yang Kuan believes that there are four differences between humans and animals: (1) Humans can make tools，Continuous use of tools，Conquer nature，Transforming nature；Animals can only adapt to nature by themselves。(2) Human beings have hands and feet，The feet can walk upright，Hands can make tools，Use tools to do a variety of tasks，Engaged in labor production，Become a “tool of tools”；Animals can only use special organs，Do a special kind of work。(3) Humans can speak，Fully convey experiences and thoughts to peers，At the same time，The next generation can still be well educated，Animals cannot。(4) Humans can think，conscious、Abstract power and inference power，Create various social cultures，Animals cannot。In these four human characteristics，The most fundamental difference between humans and animals lies in making tools。How do the various characteristics that distinguish humans from animals come about？“We can say for sure，It is entirely due to collective labor。”Collective labor produces gestures，Created language。Complex labor，Need to use your brain to command，Complex gestures and language，Need brain to command and accept，Therefore，The brain is getting more developed。So，Apes slowly acquire human characteristics。Therefore，“What Engels said ‘labor creates man’，It’s absolutely true”。“Although there are various differences between humans and apes，There is only one basic difference，Is it an ape or an animal，Man has transcended the limitations of the animal kingdom，What causes this difference，Still labor。”Anyway，This article，Yang Kuan is answering a question，How labor creates people。

　The afternoon of November 19, 1950，Yang Kuan participated in the symposium on resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea held by the Shanghai branch of the China New bet365 coupon code Research Association。According to "Gu Jiegang's Diary"，Also attending the meeting was Zhou Gucheng、Zhou Yutong、Lu Simian、Chen Xulu、Jiang Tianshu、Hu Houxuan、Tan Qixiang and others。After the meeting，"The American Emperor has always been a cunning and sinister invader" written by Yang Kuan was published in Wenhui Po on December 13，The first sentence of the article is "U.S. imperialism invades us，It didn’t start today，It has always been a cunning and sinister invader，Always the mortal enemy of our Chinese people”。Then detail how the US imperialism invaded China in bet365 coupon code，Finally concluded: “We have an unspeakable blood feud against the American emperor。Today，Our people are liberated，The appearance of US imperialism’s aggression has become even more ferocious，Truman、MacArthur、Acheson、Dulles and other warmongers are becoming more arrogant，launched a war of aggression against North Korea，Invaded our country, Taiwan，They continue to bomb our Northeast with planes，More armed Japanese invasion forces，We followed exactly the same path that the Japanese bandits used when they invaded us，Can we ignore it？”These words are of strong contemporary and topical nature。

　January 20 to April 8, 1951，Cultural Relics Department, Ministry of Culture, East China Military and Political Commission、The Shanghai bet365 coupon code Museum and various cultural and educational institutions in Nanjing held an exhibition to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Taiping Rebellion at the Shanghai Horse Racing Association。The content includes enlarging images of important leaders of the Taiping Rebellion，Copied various Taiping flags and clothing，Copied important documents，He also drew large pictures of important events in the past，The important events are shown in wax figures，Making the 14-year bet365 coupon code of the Taiping Rebellion，From creation to failure，Concretely listed in front of the audience。This exhibition has a great impact，According to Yang Kuan’s recollection: “(The exhibition) caused a sensation throughout Shanghai，There are huge crowds of viewers every day，Overcrowded，Originally scheduled to be exhibited for one month，Later extended for another month，The audience is still very enthusiastic。The exhibition was later moved to Nanjing、Continue to be exhibited in Suzhou and other places，Still warmly welcomed by the public。”Gu Jiegang went to the exhibition twice，One of the times I went there in the rain。"Gu Jiegang's Diary" January 26: "To the Racecourse，Watch the Taiping Rebellion Centennial Exhibition。"March 27th: "Braving the heavy rain with Jingqiu，Go to the racecourse to watch the Taiping Rebellion Centenary Exhibition。”

1959，Yang Kuan filled out a "Faculty Profile Form"，In the work performance column, he wrote: "From the museum business to the masses，Gradually grasp the views of the masses and labor，Class perspective and historical perspective，Carry out mass work in detail，Compilation of ‘From Ape to Man’、‘A century of blood debt’、‘Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’ and other slides，Presiding over the Taiping Rebellion Centenary Commemorative Exhibition，And gradually transform the showroom。”In the column of learning attitude, it is written:”Learning，Theoretical study is more in-depth，Learn the bet365 coupon code of social development，He once wrote the article "How Labor Created Man" based on his learning experience，Published in "Science Popular" magazine。Started learning to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea，Written "American imperialism has always been a cunning, sinister and vicious invader" and published it in Wenhui Po，Income from the book "American Empire from All Aspects" compiled by the Educators Union。”Therefore，We can say，In the years after 1949，Yang Kuan combines the work of the Shanghai Museum，Study the relevant theories of Marxism seriously，And considers himself “a relatively in-depth theoretical study”。It is precisely because of the initial system、Study seriously，Some of Yang Kuan’s later works became more theoretical。

　　Using Marxist historical perspective to study the bet365 coupon code of the Warring States Period

Yang Kuan studies the bet365 coupon code of the Warring States Period，Since Gu Jiegang took charge of the Institute of Chinese Studies at Qilu University。The firm was established in 1929，Interrupted due to war。September 1939，Gu Jiegang served as the director of the Institute of Chinese Studies at Qilu University that moved to Chengdu，Invite Lu Simian on the isolated island in Shanghai、Yang Kuan、Tong Shuye and others undertake part of the research work of the institute as honorary researchers，Among them, Lu Simian wrote the bet365 coupon code of Chinese dynasties，Tong Shuye wrote "bet365 coupon code of the Spring and Autumn Period"，Yang Kuan edited historical materials of the Warring States period。The Pacific War broke out in 1941，Japanese troops invaded and occupied the Shanghai Concession，Lu Simian、Yang Kuan、After discussion, the children’s book industry agreed that Shanghai is no longer suitable for living，So they left Shanghai，Yang Kuan has been living in seclusion in his hometown of Baihe Town, Qingpu。In the two years and nine months of seclusion，Yang Kuan focused on editing historical materials of the 240 years of the Warring States Period，Research historical events and related activities that occur every year。After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War，Yang Kuan serves as director of Shanghai Municipal Museum。Meanwhile，1946-1949，Based on the materials he accumulated during his seclusion，He has published more than 20 textual research articles on historical events and figures of the Warring States Period in "Yishibao·Shiyuan", "Republic of China Daily·Literature and bet365 coupon code Supplement" edited by Gu Jiegang, and "Southeast Daily·Literature and bet365 coupon code Weekly" edited by Wei Jianyou。

It is on the basis of the above research，The first edition of "bet365 coupon code of the Warring States" was published in 1955。This book is the first academic monograph to study the bet365 coupon code of the Warring States Period using the Marxist historical perspective，This is also Yang Kuan’s first work using Marxist historical perspective to conduct research。As Tong Shuye said: ""The bet365 coupon code of the Warring States" is a collection of historical materials and research that is quite substantial、A work that is correct and can use Marxist-Leninist viewpoints to study the bet365 coupon code of the Warring States Period。”There are three editions of this book，The first edition in 1955 was only 240,000 words，1980 revised edition expanded to 420,000 words，The revised edition will be expanded to 560,000 words in 1998。The structural framework has not changed much between the two editions，Basically in accordance with social and economic changes、Union and merger war、Three sections of ideological changes and development are unfolded，Expanded the content of institutional reform and creation，A more comprehensive analysis of the process of vertical and horizontal alliances and merger wars、Specific、In-depth，A substantial increase in ideological and cultural content。

The most important change in "bet365 coupon code of the Warring States" is the theory of bet365 coupon code，The first edition adopts the social periodization perspective of the feudal lord theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The revised version changes to the feudal theory of the Warring States Period，The updated version completely abandons the idea of ​​social installment，Believe that Chinese bet365 coupon code has a unique law of historical development，Neither Greece、Typical slavery in Rome，I have never experienced the lord feudal system in the European Middle Ages。Based on this，In the updated version，Yang Kuan’s catalog、Words、The content has been significantly adjusted。on directory，For example, Chapter 4 "Social System Changes during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period"，The revised version is divided into four sections，The titles are "The gradual growth and maturity of feudal production relations in the womb of slave society", "The resistance struggle of the majority of slaves and civilians", "The emerging landlord class in various countries has gained political power", "The main class structure of the Warring States Period"，Additional regulations reduced to three sections，The titles are "Reform of Farmland System", "Reorganization and Reform of Regimes in Various Countries" and "Changes in Social Structure"，Completely deleted the second section of the revised version, "The Resistance Struggle of the Slaves and Common People"；Words，Delete or modify words that are obviously Marxist historiography，For example, "slave-owning nobles" delete "slave-owners"，Delete "feudal" in "Feudal Politics (Economic Reform)"，"The Tian family of emerging landlords" delete "emerging landlords", etc.；Content，For example, there is a section "Research on the bet365 coupon code of the Warring States" in the introduction of the previous two editions，This section quotes Mao Zedong，The position of applying Marxism、Perspectives and methods research bet365 coupon code。

In the expanded edition of "bet365 coupon code of the Warring States"，Yang Kuan further deepened the combination of the classic views of Marxist historical materialism and the bet365 coupon code of the Warring States Period。For example, about the reason why Qin was able to unify China through annexation wars，In first edition，Yang Kuan believes that there are three reasons: 1.Peasant uprisings destroyed or weakened the corrupt ruling power of some countries，Facilitated the unification of Qin；2.The masses of the people played a decisive role in the victory or defeat of feudal wars，Facilitating the unification of Qin, which has better politics；3.Due to the demand for unification by farmers, small and large industrial and commercial businessmen and the emerging landlord class，Facilitating the more politically progressive Qin to complete its unification。In revision，There are four reasons why Qin unified China，Except for some slight changes in wording，Basically continue the three reasons from the first edition。One of the newly added reasons is: social and economic development，Need to build a unified country。And in the extended version，Yang Kuan believes that there are still four reasons why Qin completed its unification，That is, the people play a decisive role、Qin’s annexation policy conforms to the people’s wishes、Socioeconomic development needs、The people urgently demand reunification。Three editions before and after，Both adhere to Marxist interpretation，That is, "the people are the creators of human bet365 coupon code"。In addition，The cast iron technology of the Warring States Period in the additional edition、In-depth research on the use of ironware，Opening up the land、Transformation of land ownership、The composition of social classes、Contradictions and struggles between the lower class and the upper class、Concerns about ideological and cultural issues，It’s all about historical materialism on productivity and production relations、Reflection of the classic view of economic base and superstructure。

　　Research on the bet365 coupon code of iron smelting in China has attracted widespread attention

In "The Rapids of bet365 coupon code: The Autobiography of Yang Kuan"，Yang Kuan recalls why he studied the bet365 coupon code of iron smelting，In response to the question raised by visitors to the museum that “making iron and steel requires higher temperatures and certain techniques，How did the working people of ancient my country brilliantly create this technology？What kind of excellent technology did he master to forge the sword？"question。October 1956，"The Invention and Development of Iron Smelting Technology in Ancient China" published，Yang Kuan pointed out in the preface that there are two purposes for writing this book。First，Elucidate the brilliant achievements of the Chinese people in iron smelting technology over the past two thousand years。Second，Elucidate the development process of iron smelting technology in Chinese bet365 coupon code。8 points summarized in the book: 1.China is the first country in the world to invent the technology of smelting pig iron，Far back in the Spring and Autumn Period，The Chinese people have created a large-scale iron smelting blast furnace，Invented the technology of smelting and casting pig iron，This invention is 1,700 years older than Europe。2.Warring States Period，Has been able to refine very tough and sharp steel，Used to make swords。3.Western Han Dynasty，Due to the improvement of pig iron frying and wrought iron technology，Many handicraft tools and weapons have been forged from wrought iron。At the same time, he also created the smelting method of "Hundred Steel Refining"，Further development of steelmaking technology。4.Early Eastern Han Dynasty，Hydraulic blowing machinery has been created in Nanyang area，Invented the water-powered blast furnace，This is 1200 years earlier than Europe。5.Southern and Northern Dynasties era，The structure and equipment of the hydraulic blast furnace have been further improved，Iron smelting begins to use coal as fuel，This is 1000 years earlier than Europe。6.Southern and Northern Dynasties era，The "steel filling" smelting method was invented，Before the modern crucible refining method，It is an outstanding invention in the bet365 coupon code of world steelmaking technology。7.Northern Song Dynasty，The blower was changed from a leather bag to a simple wooden bellows，This is five or six hundred years earlier than Europe。8.Ming Dynasty，The blower has been changed from a simple wooden bellows to a wooden bellows with a piston and valve device，This is more than 100 years earlier than Europe。By showing the great achievements made by the working people of ancient my country，This shows that the working people created bet365 coupon code，Is the master of bet365 coupon code。

It is worth mentioning，Yang Kuan’s research on the bet365 coupon code of iron smelting has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad。1958，The British scholar Joseph Needham read "The Invention and Development of Iron Smelting Technology in Ancient China"，When visiting China，Specially went to Shanghai to meet with Yang Kuan，Discuss relevant issues with him。According to Yang Kuan’s recollection: “After my book “The Invention and Development of Iron Smelting Technology in Ancient China” was published，Attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars, especially scholars of the bet365 coupon code of science and technology，The British Joseph Needham saw this little book，When he visited China, he specially asked me to meet him at Jinjiang Hotel，We talked for a long time。He agrees with this book，Special emphasis was placed on Qimu Huaiwen's "Su Tiedao" smelting method and steel filling smelting method in the Northern and Southern Dynasties。He particularly values ​​the results of research in this area，And ask me about the progress of research on the bet365 coupon code of science and technology in Chinese academic circles at that time。”

After the first edition is published，Yang Kuan didn’t stop there，But continue to study in depth。1960，Based on previous research，Published "A Brief bet365 coupon code of the Development of China's Civil Smelting Iron and Steelmaking Technology"。This rewrite，Great additions and modifications have been made to the development of earthen blast furnace ironmaking technology and various earthen steelmaking technologies；And discusses the indigenous iron and steelmaking technology and major achievements spread across the country，Preliminarily constitutes the outline of the development of China's iron smelting technology。After reform and opening up，Yang Kuan’s academic research is like rejuvenation，Further in-depth research on the bet365 coupon code of iron smelting，Published "bet365 coupon code of the Development of Ancient Chinese Iron Smelting Technology" in 1983。The first part of the book discusses the origin of iron smelting technology in ancient China and the development trajectory of iron smelting technology in feudal society，The second part explains the role of ancient Chinese iron smelting technology on the development of social productivity and social change，This explains the reason why feudal society emerged in ancient China 1,000 years earlier than in Europe。This book received many honors after its publication，Won the Shanghai Outstanding Achievement Award for Philosophy and Social Sciences (1979-1985)、"The First National Honorary Award for Outstanding Books on the bet365 coupon code of Science and Technology"。

The Chinese historiography in the 20th century is colorful，Marxist bet365 coupon code has a special status。Under the guidance of historical materialism，The study of Chinese bet365 coupon code has made great achievements，Meanwhile，Many outstanding historians have emerged，Yang Kuan is one of them with distinctive characteristics。

　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "Yang Kuan and Chinese bet365 coupon code Research in the 20th Century" (20BZS006)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 coupon code and Culture, Yan’an University)