Customs，It is a symbol of the "portal" and sovereignty of the country。The establishment of a military level from the Western Zhou Dynasty has the right to get the right to customs，For more than 3000 years，The rise and fall of China Customs is always with the country、The fate of the nation is closely linked。The State Social Science Fund special commissioned project "Chinese Customs History" undertaken by the General Administration of Customs was fully launched in early 2022，Customs writers writing customs history ushered in the golden period。Recent，How to solve the research dilemma of Chinese customs history，How to write more comprehensive、System、Real、Authoritative Chinese Customs History and other issues，Our newspaper interviewed the Deputy Director of the Customs History Office of the General Administration of Customs、"Chinese Customs History" project deputy team leader Zhan Qinghua。

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"China Social Sciences":Guosheng is Guanxing，National Decade is closed。Customs is a witness to the prosperity and decline of the National Games。China Customs has a long history，What important events have experienced in the development process?

　　Zhan Qinghua:The history of the customs of our country is far away。As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty，"Guan" of military functions appeared，The border inspection agency established during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period "Guanjin" has supervision、Anti -smuggling、taxation and other rights;、Foreign Trade、Foreign Affairs Management Function Function; Fujian in the early Qing Dynasty、Guangdong、Jiang、Zhejiang Coastal Four Customs，Responsible for business、taxes、Outside ship management、Coastal safety and other matters。

After the Opium War，Imperialist powers forced China to sign a series of unequal treaties，Holding the management sovereignty of China Customs，And this will use the customs business from tax、Statistics、Anti -smuggling、Inspection and quarantine, etc.，extend to diplomatic negotiations、Military、Post、Education、Meteorological、Port affairs、Navigation、Trademark registration、International Expo、Internal and external debt compensation and other fields，Customs has become an international official hall that mainly serves modern Western powers。

After the founding of New China，Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，We ended the humiliation history of the semi -colonial and semi -feudal society，National Gate Key Return to the hands of the motherland and the people。Read the history of the customs，The long evolution evolution from the ancient customs from the inland customs to the along customs，To the Modern Customs is controlled by Western powers，Birth to the People's Customs of New China，The vicissitudes of the Chinese Customs，It is a microcosm of the history of the Chinese nation，revealed "Guosheng Guan Xing，The historical law of the national decline is closed "。Especially in the past century，Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，From "Chaoshan Seventh Day Red" to Soviet Red Taxation、Practice exploration of customs in the liberated area; from the establishment of the People's Customs from the People's Republic of China，Modern customs that fully fulfill the duties of regulatory services in the new era，generations of Chinese customs people bet365 live casino games adhere to the original intention of "people's customs for the people"，Faithful performance、Fragrant Reform，To protect the interests of national sovereignty、Promote the development of foreign economic trade and scientific and cultural exchanges、Make protection of socialist modernization，Active contribution。The brilliant achievements of the People's Customs，Witness the Chinese nation from standing up、The great journey of the rich and strong waves。

　　"China Social Sciences":History is the best textbook，It is also the best sober agent。Facing the history of Chinese customs from humiliation to glory since modern times，How do you know when you study?

　　Zhan Qinghua:Summary historical experience of customs development under the leadership of the party since the founding of New China，To better provide historical reference for the construction of socialist modernized customs，This is the foothold of the customs of the Chinese customs in the new era。China Customs has a long history，In recent years，Research on the History of Chinese Customs in the Western academic community，From the perspective of modernization，More about how Western elements affect Chinese customs，It even affects the modernization process of China，The essence is a problem with the West -centered discourse system。We must establish our own discourse system，can you tell what kind of civilization and country in China，can you clearly understand the ins and outs of the Chinese customs。

　"China Social Sciences":Based on the land of China，Clarify the long history and humanistic heritage of Chinese civilization，can I tell the story of Chinese customs。When we are conducting research on Chinese customs history，What are the efforts that should be grasped?

　　Zhan Qinghua:First, to strengthen the study of ancient Chinese customs history，Objective research on the origin and evolution process of ancient Chinese customs，Proposed new discoveries，Enrich the understanding of the history of ancient Chinese customs，Enhance historical confidence and cultural self -confidence。Second, to correctly grasp the main line of the theme of modern Chinese customs，Fully and complete to Yangguan、Changguan、Three forms of red customs to conduct research，Exploring the historical evolution law of the three in modern times，Reveal the inevitability of the birth of the people's customs。Third, the history of people's customs under the leadership of the Communist Party of China，Especially the history of customs in the new era as the top priority to study，Taking the history of customs reform and development in the new era as the key highlights，Those "four self -confidences" with the achievements of the reform and development of Chinese customs，The important significance of the "two establishment" in the development of the Chinese customs industry is verified by the development of the "two establishments" to the development of the party and the country in the new era，Then the construction of socialist modernized customs in the new era condenses historical wisdom and forward motivation。

　　Research from the perspective of the perspective of the Great History

"China Social Sciences":What is the current status of historical research in Chinese customs?

　　Zhan Qinghua:Historical theme is the main pulse of historical development，The main line of history is the extension of historical theme。General Secretary Xi Jinping set up the "Realization of the Great Revival of the Chinese Nation" as the centennial historical theme of the Chinese Communist Party at the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Communist Party of China。Establish this topic，It helps to objectively and comprehensively sort out the history of red customs exploration and history of the construction of the New China Customs under the leadership of the Communist Party of China。

bet365 best casino games The Chinese Communist Party has been established at the beginning of its establishment，The lofty belief in the rejuvenation of the nation，Mao Zedong、Li Dazhao、Cai Hesen and other early party leaders and comrades poured back to the customs sovereign movement with great enthusiasm，This evokes national awakening。During the growth process of the party，Continue to launch、Organization and leading the revolutionary struggle campaign of customs employees such as "Provincial and Hong Kong University Strikes" and "Customs Customs Sovereignty Struggle"，With a clear political position, it ruthlessly attacks the power and aggression of the powers。After the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War，In the face of the crisis of the Chinese nation's endangered country,，Yi Yi Yi、Mao Liying and other customs underground party members invested in the front line of the Anti -Japanese War，With a perseverance revolutionary will and the fearless sacrifice spirit，Carrying the heroic and unyielding fight against the enemy，Singing the urging to forge ahead、Heroes who can sing and cry。

From Jinggangshan to Central Soviet District，Comprehensive receiving from the old customs from Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningxin Border Area to Dong Customs，The "Tax Customs" growing up under the red regime began the early practice exploration of people's customs，Finally successfully took over and transformed the old Chinese customs of imperialism.，completely grasped "the key to the country's door"。So，The study of Chinese customs history must be closely focused on the theme of "national rejuvenation"，Comprehensively carry out the history of the revolutionary struggle led by the Communist Party of China、History of Red Customs Exploration、Research on the history of customs construction and development of the People's Republic of China，Under the history of red customs under the leadership of the Communist Party and the history of the Republic of Customs Development, interpret the spirit of the great party，Further clarify where the people's customs come from、Which direction is developed，Further believe that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the fundamental guarantee for the success of the customs industry。

Since the reform and opening up，Research on Chinese Customs History has gradually formed a hot topic。Except for the translation of the history of Chinese customs，It has also published monographs such as "Chinese Customs", "History of Modern Chinese Customs" and "Simple Chinese Customs History"，But there is still no system completely、Chinese Customs History Books that traverse ancient and modern，It is really a regret。Research on the History of Chinese Customs Innovation Innovation、Reorganize to be sent。Although the research of Chinese customs history is increasingly deepened、Rich connotation and diversity、The characteristics of the discourse system are clear、History is heavy and profound，But there are also phenomena such as "heavy middle light" and "heavy fragmentation light system"，The excavation of ancient customs resources and bet365 live casino games the historical research of contemporary Chinese customs are relatively weak，"Close to the light modernity", "Chongyang Pass and the Red Gate"，The overall research of the system is still lacking，The writing of ancient and modern times is even more rare，There are many fragmented studies lack the main theme of the theme，It is easy to fall into the quagmire of historical nihilism。

　"China Social Sciences":Compared with the research results of the academic circles in recent years，What are the special color and innovation of the research on the customs system?

　　Zhan Qinghua:First, study vision and field innovation。Take the history of modern Chinese customs as an example，Research focus on the past academic circles was placed in Yangguan，Basically formation of normal level、The research pattern of the binary system of Yangguan，We are more concerned about Changguan、Yangguan、Three Customs forms of Hongguan this eliminating historical evolution，Major historical events that occurred in Chinese customs in the past century，Explain the historical necessity of the birth of the Communist Party's leadership of the people's customs。

Second, the research key highlights are outstanding。In the study of contemporary Chinese customs history，We were born according to the People's Customs of the People's Republic of China、After the reform and opening up, and the three important historical periods of the new era, three volumes of three volumes are divided into three volumes.。This approach is still the first in the field of Chinese customs history research，Focusing on the research on the history of customs in the "New Era"，filled the blank of current customs history research。The new era has iconic significance in the history of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，The most fresh、Important part of the history of New China，It's the closest to reality、The most fresh、The most important history。Research on Chinese customs history in the new era，The history of customs reform and development and modernization of customs in the new era as the key highlights，Those "four self -confidences" with the achievements of the reform and development of Chinese customs，Explain the important significance of "two establishment" in the development of the development of Chinese customs industry to the development of the party and the country in the new era，For the construction of socialist modernization in the new era。

　"China Social Sciences":Customs System Research Customs History has its unique advantages，What are these advantages?

　　Zhan Qinghua:First, the system advantage of vertical management，Political correctness that can ensure research work。This vertical pipe system can quickly set up high political quality、Research team with strong research ability，Give full play to the group power of the collective organization，Make sure the customs history research project is promoted smoothly along the correct political direction。Current，Except for the establishment of the Study History Research Working Leading Group of the Customs History Research Works, except for the outside，The customs directly under the country have basically established the Customs History Research Office，Gathering a lot of high -quality research talents。

Second, there is a systematic complete and precious research information，It can ensure the authority of the historical facts of the project。The General Administration of Customs has always attached importance to customs archives management and documentation。As of the end of 2021，2.43 million volumes of archives and documents of the National Customs Pavilion、More than 6.6 million pieces，Basically complete the digitalization of the historical archives of the document，Easy to study retrieval and use，and the vertical management system of customs provides favorable conditions for the development of customs history。Establishment of the Customs Administration Lab in 1958，Established the China Customs Society in 1985，At present, the General Administration of Customs Jurisdiction has jurisdiction over Shanghai Customs History Research Institute、Research Center of the General Administration of Customs、China Customs Museum、China Customs Publishing House and other institutions，All can promote bet365 live casino games the historical research of Chinese customs，and significant results，Organized and published a large amount of historical documents such as the "Selection of the General Taxation of the Old China Customs" and other customs，Edit and publish more than 6 million words "China Customs"，It laid a good foundation for the historical research of Chinese customs。other，The accuracy and authority of the statistics of the import and export statistics in China over the years，Laying a unique data basis for high -quality promotion project research。

Third is rich cooperative research experience，Effectiveness that can ensure the promotion of project research。The General Administration of Customs attaches great importance to the various research resources inside and outside the system。Since the 1950s，The Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、China Second History Archives and other units carry out close cooperation，and jointly established the "China Customs History Research Center" with Xiamen University，The "International Research Center of Customs and Customs Literature" and Fudan University jointly established the "International Research Center for Customs and Customs Literature"，A large number of masters have been trained for many years、Doctor student，It laid a good foundation in the study of customs history，Organizing and publishing "Empires and Chinese Customs Data Clips" (11 volumes)、"Historical Materials of Old Chinese Customs: 1859-1948" (170 volumes)、"The Customs General Administration's Archives Collection of the Old Customs Publication of China (1860-1949)" "" Harvard University Library of the United States Library Collection of Chinese Old Customs History (1860-1949) "(283 volume)、"Editors of the General Office of the General Taxation Bureau of the Old China Customs" and "Selection of the Selection of the History of the Old Chinese Customs" and other series，These are very important results，I have accumulated rich experience and basic information for promoting project research。

　"China Social Sciences":"China Customs Yearbook" compilation and publishing work，It is the first time in the history of the New China Customs，It is also an indispensable basic work for the study of customs history，Please introduce the relevant situation。

　　Zhan Qinghua:"History of Shengshi，The British British British。"The tradition of cultivation of historical compilations since ancient times。The customs books of the Ming and Qing Dynasties include "Fujian City Shipbuilding Si Zhi", "Huaiguan Tongzhi", "Guangdong Customs", etc.，During the Republic of China, there was "Customs"。Since the reform and opening up，We started to edit the local chronicle in accordance with the requirements of the amendment of a round of aspirations in about 20 years，In the 1990s, customs in the 1990s mostly completed the first round of volunteer editing work。Since the 21st century，The General Administration of Customs also organizes the compilation of "China Customs"。and the annual Jian as a kind of aspiration method，The main role is to provide people with comprehensiveness within one year、Real、System's customs information，Easy to understand the latest status and development trends of Chinese customs。Tracing History，From the rule of foreign tax departments of modern Chinese customs，Customs has introduced the writing method of the year from the West earlier，According to the requirements of the Customs Tax Trip Command，Customs from various places began to write annual trade statistics and trade reports，This is the earliest trade statistics in our country or the yearbook of the port，Published from the Customs Book Office (later to the Statistics Division)。From the 1860s until 1949，Publishing every year in volume，plus monthly、Trade statistics from quarter and ten years，The scale of quantity is huge，Leave the important documents of modern Chinese customs for future generations。Since the reform and opening up，Chinese customs restore the statistical data release system。1990，The General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China compiled and created the "China Customs Statistics Yearbook"，Published in Chinese and English texts，The most detailed statistics of China's foreign trade are published annually。But after all, the statistical yearbook is just a business yearbook of customs，Not the overall development of the customs system。

Compiled "Chinese Customs Yearbook" is an important basic work for strengthening the study of customs history。The General Administration of Customs has set up a Customs Yearbook compilation committee，Edit Department of the Guan History Office of the General Administration，officially launched related work in November 2021。As of the end of July 2022，Provide professional guidance under the office of the China Local History Guidance Group，All units of the customs system、All departments work together，The first yearbook compilation work of China Customs is basically completed，A total of more than 1200,000 words，It is currently being published in the review and review。Future，It will complete the compilation work of the previous year's annual examination in June each year。

　　New Era ushered in new opportunities for research

"China Social Sciences":New Era，Studies of customs history ushered in new opportunities。How do we use the historical experience of customs development under the leadership of the party since the founding of the New China，Help the construction of socialist modernized customs in the new era?

　　Zhan Qinghua:First, we must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishment"，Enhance the "Four Consciousness"，firm "Four Confidence"，Resolutely achieve "two maintenance"，Always adhere to "initial heart" and "mission"，Performing the spirit of the important instructions of General Secretary Jinping and the major decision -making deployment of the important instructions of General Secretary Jinping，Make sure the customs work always moves along the correct direction; the second is that you must be "the big of the country"，Based on the "two big situations"，Find the orientation and coordinates of the customs work in the national situation and the change of the times，Adhere to the concept of system，Coordinated development and safety，Enhance work forward -looking、Active，Resolutely safeguard the core interests of the country; the third is to establish a "overall national security concept"，Persist in the bottom line of safety supervision，firmly grasp the most basic and important responsibilities of supervising this customs，Strict administration in accordance with the law，Strengthen supervision and optimization service，To "control、Put open "; Fourth, we must adhere to reform and innovation to lead the future，Good at absorbing and using innovative management concepts and innovative scientific and technological achievements，Construction of smart customs，Comprehensive empowerment to increase efficiency，Improving the level of performance performance; Fifth, it is necessary to forge high -quality professional customs team，Promote the dual improvement of team politics and business，Strengthen the organizational power of organizational power，Promote the excellent style of quasi -military discipline forces，Flalfly、Ordering for ban，Show new responsibility，To achieve new actions; sixth, we must strengthen the party's comprehensive leadership of customs work，Give play to the leadership role of party committees at all levels and political functions of party organizations at all levels，Need to cherish it、Strictly rule，Unity leads the majority of cadres and employees in mind the original mission，The unremitting struggle to realize the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。These historical experience and regularity are precious，Need to cherish it，Should persist for a long time。

"Want to know the avenue，Must be the history first。"Carrying out" Chinese bet365 live casino games Customs History "research in the new era，guidance will be based on Xi Jinping's thoughts of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era，Adhere to the historical view of materialism and the correct view of the party，Highlight the political nature of Chinese customs history，Leading academic with political，Normalization of strengthening the study and education of Chinese customs history and party history、Long -term combination，Comprehensively carry out the history of red customs under the history of Chinese customs, especially under the party leadership and the study of the development history of the New China customs，Objectively and truly summarize the glorious tradition and historical experience of the New China Customs，It will definitely leave a description for future generations。Learn from history，Create the future。Through research and refined historical experience and regularity,，It will help better inherit the customs red gene、赓 Continuous red blood，Ensure that the political agencies of customs in the new era，Resolutely implement the party's central and national policies on the customs system; it is conducive to transforming research results into the motivation of the customs of customs in the new era.，Show the development achievement of the Customs cause of the New China and the spiritual style of the customs team's struggle;，Further enrich customs history and culture，Provides strong spiritual power and historical support for the construction of socialist modern customs。