There is a difference in width and narrow caliber in the world's understanding of digital trade，The adjusted adjustment of some countries is based on how to obtain international competitive advantages。The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party clearly proposed，"Actively participate in the formulation of international rules and standards in the digital field"。How to understand digital trade is related to my country's national interests，is to promote the development of digital trade、Develop digital trade standards、Measure the scale of digital trade must be taken first to answer。

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The Interpretation of Digital Trade by the US International Trade Commission (USITC) has gone through "narrow -wide -narrow" repeated，The reason is that compared to cross -border e -commerce，The United States has more advantages in the field of digital technology and digital service trade。Understanding digital trade from narrow -caliber is conducive to improving its global digital trade regulation，Especially the right to speak in the field of data cross -border flow。

July 2013，The US International Trade Commission formally proposed the definition of "digital trade" in "Digital Trade Ⅰ in the United States and the Global Economy"，That is, domestic business and international trade activities that transmit products and services through the Internet。August 2014，The US International Trade Commission has modified the concept of "digital trade" in "Digital Trade II in the United States and Global Economics"，Explain it as an Internet and Internet technology in order、Production and delivery products and services that play a key role in domestic business and international trade activities。2017，"Global Digital Trade Ⅰ: Market Opportunities and Main Foreign Trade Restrictions" definition of digital trade will return to a Bet365 lotto review narrow caliber，That is, digital trade is a product and service provided by a fixed communication network or wireless digital network。

In view of the recent excessive emphasis on the tendency of digital service trade，The author further improves the definition of digital trade from the wide diameter，Incorporate the physical cargo trade implemented through the digital platform into it，Emphasize the integration of digitalization of trade and digital trade。Digital trade is using a digital platform as a carrier，Artificial intelligence、Effective use of digital technologies such as big data and cloud computing，Coordinating trade digitalization and digital trade process，Implementing physical goods、Digital products and services、Precise exchange of digital knowledge and information，Then promote the transformation of the consumer Internet to the industrial Internet and finally realize the intelligent new trade activities of manufacturing intelligence。Digital trade is the expansion of traditional trade in the digital economy era、Extension and iteration。

E -commerce is the phased presentation of digital trade

January 2020，Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development、The World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund jointly released the first edition of the "Digital Trade Measurement Manual"，There are two types of business models that believe that the most basic business model -B2B and B2C，This is contrary to the B2B2C trend of the development of digital trade。In the e -commerce stage，B2B large -scale transactions and B2C fragmented marketing existing technical barriers，But，In the digital trade phase，This technical barriers are artificial intelligence、Big Data、Cloud computing and other digital technologies break。It can be said，E -commerce is a phased presentation of digital trade development，Digital trade is the advanced form of the development of e -commerce。Although the two are closely linked，But there are obvious differences。

First，E -commerce uses modern information network as a carrier，Digital trade takes a digital platform Bet365 app download as a carrier。Modern information network focuses on information exchange，and the digital platform fully tap the value of big data，It can standardize and guide the behavior of all parties，With internal biochemical governance functions。Cross -border e -commerce platform is bilateral platform，and the global digital trading platform is a multilateral platform，It is easier to accurately match more diverse digital tools and means。

Next，E -commerce relying on information communication technology to achieve efficient exchange，Digital trade relies on artificial intelligence、Big data and cloud computing technology to achieve precise exchange。Big data technology can collect discrete data scattered in all links of the supply chain，Reduce the transaction cost of both parties。Artificial intelligence technology can help enterprises effectively develop applications for big data，Including smart customer service、Smart pricing and intelligent manufacturing。Cloud computing technology can help companies effectively process big data，and dynamically optimize the network service in the supply chain link。

again，Compared to e -commerce，Trade targets of digital trade also include increasingly richer digital products and services、Digital knowledge and information。Whether it is the e -commerce stage，Still digital trade phase，The physical goods traced through the platform are relatively large;，Digital service trade proportion gradually increases。Compared with e -commerce，Digital trade pays more attention to consumer behavior，Serving the intelligent and digital transformation of traditional manufacturing，Accumulation and application of big data through the consumption side，Actively reflect consumer preferences。

Last，E -commerce corresponds to the popularity and application of the consumer Internet，Digital trade corresponds to the popularity and application of industrial Internet suppression or industrial Internet。Where，Industrial Internet reflects the digital business path of the platform，Industrial Internet reflects the bet365 Play online games technical path of the platform digital。

　Following the development trend of the fusion of digital trade

One of the advantages of understanding digital trade from wide -caliber is to meet the development trend of digital trade integration。Trade digital and digital trade irreversible，Its integration development is a historical trend。Digital Trade Age，Digital products and services have gradually become important consumer products，But traditional physical goods are still the core standard of digital trade，Trade digital and digital trade irreversible。

On the one hand，Digitalization of trade can provide more service objects for digital trade，Provide more application scenarios at the same time。Considering the significant reduction in the cost of the digital platform on the cost of physical goods，More and more small and medium -sized manufacturing enterprises and individual buyers and sellers will become a service object for digital trade in the future。Gradually trade with digital trade in e -commerce and cross -border e -commerce、During the process of global digital trade transformation，The application scenarios of digital trade are more and more。

On the other hand，Digital trade can significantly improve the accuracy of digitalization of trade。E -commerce platforms and enterprises can be based on consumer -based big data，Use cloud computing technology to analyze and predict consumer demand，To achieve precise matching of the needs of both digital trading and sale。

Not only that，The development of digitalization and digital trade in trade can give birth to social e -commerce、Live shopping and other emerging formats。Take the live broadcast and bring the goods as an example，With the development of e -commerce，Live broadcast with goods gradually rise，E -commerce anchor exhibition through online products、Trial、Propaganda and other service methods drive the shopping needs of watching live consumers。

　　Participate in the construction of global digital trade rules

The second advantage of understanding digital trade from wide -caliber is the convenience of participating in the construction of global digital trade rules。International Organization or Agreement The negotiations Bet365 lotto review about global digital trade rules are mostly cut from wide -caliber。The Second Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade Organization in 1998 adopted the Global Electronic Business Declaration，Define e -commerce as "production of goods or services by electronic methods、allocation、Marketing、Sales or delivery "，This is the earliest expression of digital trade by the World Trade Organization。After the Doha Round in the later、Cross -Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)、USMCA Agreement (USMCA) negotiations，Also use this definition。

Cutting into global digital trade rules from narrow -caliber negotiations，It is easy to be led by developed countries, especially the United States，Different differences between countries are more serious，It is difficult to reach consensus。U.S. and other developed countries as a high -service country，Its comparative advantage in the field of digital trade is digital service trade。and our country as a big manufacturing country，The comparative advantage in the field of digital trade is the cross -border cargo trade on the digital platform，The relevant rules of the convenience of goods in digital trade should be regarded as the focus。

Cutting into global digital trade rules negotiated from wide diameter，There are the following benefits。First，Following the concept of global economic governance concepts that are consistent with the construction and sharing of my country，Can reflect the interests of the interests of developing countries。Second，Promote the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative to achieve unblocked trade goals，Maintain the continuity of my country's foreign policy。"Digital Silk Road" provides a wider platform for cargo trade，Railway and other infrastructure provides more convenient conditions for cargo trade，The key to the close combination of the two is to include cargo trade relying on digital platforms into the field of digital trade statistics。third，Chinese experience that is conducive to promoting e -commerce governance，Form the Chinese Plan，Contribute Chinese wisdom。With e -commerce、The rapid development of cross -border e -commerce，bet365 Play online games my country has introduced a large number of policy documents about e -commerce and cross -border e -commerce governance，I have accumulated rich experience in e -commerce governance。Cut into the global digital trade rules negotiation from narrow -caliber，Ignoring the objective existence of digital gap between the North and South，The marginalization of developing countries will be marginalized，Causes a greater degree of North -South imbalance。

Enhance the international competitiveness of manufacturing transformation

The third advantage of understanding digital trade from wide -caliber is the international competitiveness of improving the intelligent transformation of manufacturing。Especially the world, especially the United States、EU and China are all promoting the intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry。In 2009, the United States released "Revitalizing the Framework of the United States"，Germany、Japanese followed，launched the "Industry 4.0 Strategy" in 2013、Proposed "New Robotic Strategy" in 2015。my country's "Made in China 2025" in China in 2015 clarified "to accelerate the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing as the main line，Main direction of promoting intelligent manufacturing "。

Digital trade from narrow -caliber，It may be overly emphasized for service trade，Repeat the wrongdoing of economic over -serviceization of European and American countries and the hollow manufacturing industry。The 1960s，The United States set off a wave of "de -industrialization"，The contribution rate of manufacturing to GDP has decreased significantly，From 25.4%in 1960 to 11.2%in 2017。Digital trade is essentially serving the three major industries，If you understand digital trade from a narrow caliber，The entire society is too pursuing digital service trade，It will lose the historical opportunity of the transformation of traditional manufacturing。

Understand digital trade from wide -caliber，Big data accumulated by e -commerce and cross -border e -commerce，Application and serving the intelligent transformation of my country's manufacturing industry，Improve the international Bet365 app download competitiveness of my country's manufacturing industry。Digital trade can use digital technology to reduce the cost of the company's obtaining consumer data，enable more companies to accumulate big data through the platform，Design of it with the manufacturing production side、R & D、Manufacturing、Management and other links combined，Realize precise analysis and rapid response on the production end。

(Author unit: Zhejiang University China Digital Trade Research Institute)