Ecological compensation is a major key item in my country's ecological construction and environmental protection，Affects the construction of beautiful China and sustainable high -quality development of economic and social and social and social and social and society。The Yangtze River is an important ecological treasure house in my country，Ecological compensation construction in the Yangtze River Basin is particularly important for national ecological security and green development。

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The area of ​​the Yangtze River Basin reaches 1.8 million square kilometers，accounting for about 1/5 about the total area of ​​the country，Rich forest resources、Pumping water resources、There are many types of creatures，"Green Spine Bellet" that constitutes the construction of ecological civilization in my country。Data display，40%of China's available freshwater resources in the Yangtze River Basin，Danshui fishery output accounts for about 60%of the country; national and provincial nature reserve area、Wetland area、Forest area accounts for 39.67%、21.53%、40.76%。The Yangtze River Basin is an important ecological treasure house in my country，It is also an important area for ecological compensation。The ecological compensation construction of the Yangtze River Basin is carried out from three levels。

First is the policy formulation and implementation of the national level。In recent years，The Central and State Ministry has successively introduced a national policy on the ecological compensation of the Yangtze River Basin，For example, "Implementation Plan for the Central Finance Promoting Ecological Protection and Repairing Policy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt", "Guiding Opinions on Establishing and Improvement of Ecological Compensation and Protection of the Yangtze River Economic bet365 best casino games Belt", etc.，It played a guiding role in the construction of ecological compensation in the Yangtze River Basin。

Followed by ecological compensation across provinces。Many provinces and regions in the Yangtze River Basin have conducted inter -provincial ecological compensation exploration，and achieved good results，It has also accumulated a certain degree of cross -regional ecological compensation experience。The first across provincial river basin ecological compensation mechanism is Anhui、The upstream and downstream horizontal ecological compensation promoted by the two provinces of Zhejiang。other，Hunan、Hubei、Jiangxi、Anhui four provincial capital cities jointly strive to build a long -term mechanism for ecological compensation; Sichuan、Yunnan、The three provinces of Guizhou promote the horizontal ecological bet365 live casino games Protection Compensation of the Chishui River Basin; Hunan、Chongqing two provinces (cities) to promote the inter -provincial and horizontal ecological protection compensation of the Pushui River Basin。

Finally, the horizontal ecological compensation within the provincial level。As far as the current stage is concerned，Ecological compensation activities in a province and city are easier to advance and coordinate。Ecological compensation of the Yangtze River Basin Typical provinces and cities (such as Chongqing、Sichuan、Hubei、Jiangxi、Guizhou, etc.) has formulated the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism of the river basin in the province，Ecological compensation of various provinces and cities plays an important role in local ecological construction。

Current，The Yangtze River Basin has initially established the government -led、The ecological compensation mechanism of the central and local and local ecological compensation mechanisms。In 2019, the central government's key ecological functional area for the Yangtze River Economic Belt reached 29.558 billion yuan，increased by nearly 10 billion yuan over 2015，accounts for 41 % of the total transfer payment of local key ecological function areas throughout the year。In terms of locations，The provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Basin have initially established an important ecological resources as the protection object、The compensation system with general and special fiscal investment bet365 best casino games is the main form of compensation system; the pilot of the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism has also been carried out between the areas，Ecological compensation cross -regional cooperation is continuously deepened and improved。

　　Science determines ecological compensation standards

Ecological compensation in the Yangtze River Basin has worked hard after years of hard work，achieved significant results，A certain experience was formed，but，There are certain problems，Need to pay attention and solve。

First，Ecological compensation determines that the standard is not scientific enough。Determination of ecological compensation standards The current lack of scientific basis、Research and design，Learn the government's financial funds unreasonable、Not high efficiency。From the transfer payment of the central government's key ecological function areas，It is mainly based on the standard fiscal revenue and expenditure gap and considers the subsidy coefficient calculation，Basically, the area of ​​ecological function areas in various places、task of ecological protection、The cost of development opportunities due to ecological protection is not contacted。Ecological compensation below the province is affected by the financial resources of various provinces，Governments of governments at all levels determine the compensation standard to a large extent。From the perspective of the horizontal ecological compensation practice carried out in the local area，The formulation of compensation standards lacks fixed standards，Most of them are solved in accordance with the negotiation measures。

2，Ecological compensation management mechanism and market mechanism are not sound。Ecological compensation requires a set of validity、Scientific and reasonable management mechanism，At this stage，Related legal system、The system and mechanism are still incomplete，The division of the management system is more serious，Ecological construction and compensation cannot form a clear coordination mechanism、Responsibility mechanism、Incentive mechanism。Special compensation funds of ecological protection in the Yangtze River Basin are scattered in forestry、Environmental protection、Water conservancy、Housing Construction、Scriptures、Land and other fields，bet365 live casino games One aspect，The phenomenon of "sprinkled pepper noodles" exists，It is difficult to meet the needs of local ecological protection of the rights; on the other hand,，Special ecological compensation funds of different departments are limited by special funds，Difficult to use funds and use it difficulty、Low efficiency。

third，Insufficient participation of public compensation to the public。Destruction of the ecological environment, ecological construction and environmental protection，The interests and life of the people are closely related to the people。Mobilize the masses to participate in ecological compensation，Provide channels for the masses to publish demands on the ecological environment，Both are conducive to ecological compensation and ecological construction、Effective development of environmental protection，It is beneficial to discover existing problems in time。But，Current ecological compensation and ecological construction、Environmental protection，The degree of public participation is very low，There are very few channels participating，The proposed requests that are valued and resolved are to be increased。Local people、Community、Enterprise compensation for ecological compensation and ecological construction、Environmental protection lacks consciousness and thoughts of active actions，Lack of necessary responsibilities and responsibilities。

　　Improve the ecological compensation policy of the Yangtze River Basin

First，Improve the efficiency of fiscal ecological compensation funds。In order to overcome the configuration of government financial ecological compensation funds unreasonable、Questions with high efficiency，Financial funds for ecological compensation for the Yangtze River Basin，The cost of ecological protection in various places should be comprehensively considered、Multiple factors such as development opportunities and ecological service value，All scientific and reasonable allocation。First，The cost of ecological compensation funds and the cost of ecological protection can be linked，Great protection of ecological bet365 Play online games protection、Areas with good pollution control are inclined。Next，Increase the tilt of funds directly compensated to key ecological function areas，Areas important for ecological functions，Increase compensation。Last，Explore the establishment and promotion of comprehensive compensation methods for the Yangtze River Basin，Give full play to policy to achieve comprehensive governance，Promoting the overall integration of funds at the provincial level，The funds after the coordinated plan are allocated and issued in a comprehensive way，The improvement of the quality of ecological environment as the main factor for the distribution of compensation funds。

2，Construction and implementation of ecological compensation incentives and constraints。Ecological compensation in the Yangtze River Basin，It should be according to "Ecological Priority，Principles of rewards and punishments "principle，Establish a clear incentive restraint mechanism for rewards and punishments。Through positive incentive and negative punishment，Further mobilize the enthusiasm of protecting the ecological environment in each district，Effects of Ecological Compensation。Effective implementation of the reward and punishment system，Need to objectively evaluate ecological protection and construction results。For this，To accelerate the establishment of an ecological compensation performance assessment index system，Link the ecological compensation funds with the assessment results。Ecological compensation funds are issued by the financial department based on the results of the performance assessment，close the results of the indicator assessment with compensation funds，and adopt the method of pre -dial -up and then liquidation，reflected positive incentives and negative punishment，The benign interaction to promote ecological protectors and beneficiaries。

third，Establish and improve the market mechanism of ecological compensation。early 2019，National Development and Reform Commission、Ministry of Finance and other 9 departments jointly issued the "Establishment of Marketing、Action Plan for Multiple Ecological bet365 live casino games Protection Compensation Mechanism "，Pay attention to marketization、Construction of the compensation mechanism for diversified ecological protection。So far，The effectiveness of the construction of the ecological compensation market mechanism is not obvious enough。In the future, you can try to make breakthroughs from the following aspects: First, improve the natural resources asset property rights system; the other is to establish a sound ecological protection area、Cross -the -Basin、Cross -regional pollution -discharge right trading system; third, establish and improve the financing market for ecological protection compensation; the fourth is to learn from international experience，Explore Land Bank、Forest Bank and other professional ecological banks construction。

Fourth，Building public participation channels and platforms。Ecological compensation is an important item for promoting economic and social sustainable development and high -quality development，Active participation of the people of the whole community。First, to the people、Community、Enterprise strengthening ecological compensation policy、Value、Propaganda and promotion of the event，Stimulate the initiative and enthusiasm of the public to participate in ecological compensation。Second is to promote environmental information disclosure，Strictly require environmental protection departments at all levels to disclose various environmental information，Accept social supervision。Third, establish a variety of channels and platforms for public participation in ecological compensation and construction，Let the public's opinion on ecological compensation and construction、Suggestion、Complaints have channels to speak，Improve the reporting system，Give play to the public's role in the supervision of ecological compensation and construction。

　(Author Unit: Research Institute of the Yangtze River Economic Belt of Renmin University of China; School of Management of Chinese Women's College; School of Economics, Renmin University of China)