"Arrow Yu" refers to feathers that assisted by the tail of the arrow body。Since the arrow has arrow feathers，The arrows have been divided into four parts from ancient times to the present: the arrow is called "镞"，or "Blade"; the main body of the arrow is called "笴"，or "dry", "簳", "dry", "dried"，Later generations write "Ping"; feathers that assisted by the rear of the arrow body are called "feather"，Also known as "Guard"，Most of the later generations are called "翎"; part of the ancient call of the arrow's bottom is called "including" or "筈"，Later generations are also called "Bi" or "Fork"。"Reflection · Release Bing" said when explaining the role of "arrow feather" in the arrow: "It is said to be feathers，Ruyu Yu also。Birds must be flying feathers and fly，Yusuyu and the front。"Yinbi Mountain Han Jian" Sun Ying's Military · Soldier Love "said when explaining the position relationship between" arrow "and" arrow feathers ":" Ya，Gold in front，The feather is in the post，So rhinoceros and walk well。Light before，Therefore, listen to people。”

Bows and arrows are the most common weapons in ancient China and foreign countries，Distributed area wide，For a long time for passed time，Document records more，History involved、Rites、Military System、Army Fu、Culture and other aspects，It is an important research object。But a lot of discussions about bows and arrows in the past，Talking about "arrow feathers" but rarely。This article wants to do a special argument for "arrow feathers"。Due to space and format restrictions，Can't fully expand，can only be written in popular forms。Unexpectedly，Please correct。

　bet365 best casino games

The origin of the bow and arrow is very early，At present, Ichiche unearthed from the late Stone Age of Laoyu Village, Xishuo County, Shanxi，The earliest 镞 found in China。The period of the carbon-14 of the site was measured at 28130 ± 1330，History of nearly 30,000 years ago。There are many styles and bone 镞 镞 in the Neolithic site，Exquisite production。After entering the Bronze Age，Bronze 镞 is a sudden emergence，Occupied the dominant status。Copper 镞 appeared in the late Shang Dynasty，Tiechi and steel appeared in the Han Dynasty。

The earliest arrow should be without arrow feathers，Later，Inspiration of human beings by birds' flying，Began to bundle or adhere to arrow feathers on the arrow，This is equivalent to a revolution in the history of bow and arrow，Since then, the new era of bow and arrow has been opened。Due to early arrows and arrow feathers have been decayed，No trace left，Therefore, no archeology was found。According to the author's knowledge,，The earliest arrow feathers from the Copper from the Shang Dynasty。On the Late Shang Dynasty Book of Shang Dynasty in the National Museum of China in 2003，There are four arrows that ejaculate in the body，Four arrows are only arrow feathers and arrows in the meter，Expressing the depth of the arrow。The shape of the four arrows is the same，All are cross -type four -feather style。"Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" No. 09258 is equivalent to the word "ya" on "Ning Ya" in the late Shang Dynasty，Draw three oblique lines on each side of the ends of the arrow to indicate arrow feathers。From this we know，The latest arrows of Shang Dynasty have arrow feathers，and four feathers。In addition，According to the author，Archelons found in archeological discovery mainly have some of the following。

1. The era is equivalent to the early Warring States Period. Zeng Houyi tomb was unearthed with arrows with arrows as arrow poles。Arrow pole length 8-15 cm，Wrapped with silk threads and black paint，Some residue feathers at the lower wire of the arrow pole，Explain arrows with arrow feathers。

2. The era of Jiangling Chu, which is equivalent to the late Warring States Period, has been unearthed with Shuangya and shot a crossbow。The crossbow arrow is copper tail，Bamboo on the tail。The arrow tail distance is 0.7-3.8 cm at the end of the arrow tail.，Four ridges should be places to pretend to be feathers，Unfortunately, the feathers have been decayed and invisible。

3. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum once unearthed in the arrows installed in the pupa。Arrows are divided into bamboo quality and wood，Paint paint color，Most of the arrow feathers have been decayed，Only left alone with residuals。

4. Qin Shihuang Mausoleum No. 1 Copper -shaped copper cage and bucket -shaped arrows were unearthed in 66 arrows。Arrow whole Bet365 lotto review body bronze，Divided into two types。The arrow feathers of two types of copper arrows are all cross -crossing four feathers，6.1 cm long，thick 0.1 cm，Yin line feather patterns on the top。

5. Some arrows with feathers have been unearthed in the Han Dynasty 燧。Arrow is copper，Arrows and arrow feathers are wrapped and painted，Arrow feathers 9 cm long，as a three -feather style。Arrow Yu Jing Test，feathers for geese。

6. A large number of wooden arrow arrows unearthed in the Shan Pla Cemetery in Luopu County, Xinjiang。Arrow Tail Pastes with three feathers。

7. Malaysian Bud Tomb Third Tomb was once unearthed with feathers arrows。Made of reeds in arrows，髹 There are black and red paint，Arrow tail residue has 15.5 cm long arrow feathers。

8. Xinjiang Min Gini Yaya Site was unearthed with arrows with feathers。Arrow scrape was scraped with long wooden branches，In the middle thick，Both ends thin。Round arrows blackened，Arrow 笴 black red paint，There are tied arrow feathers traces at the rear。

It can be known from the above archaeological discovery，The Han Dynasty may be the turning period of the arrow feather from four feathers to a three -feather type。Although the three feathers are not as stable as the four -feather -style flight，But the weight is reduced，Save time、Provincial material、Save radio，can increase the range，Applicable economy，So finally replaced the four feathers as the mainstream feather type and use it so far。

　　Arrow feathers and etiquette and military system

Bows and arrows are related to the ancient etiquette system。"Shooting" is one of the ancient "six arts"，I have to study since I was a child。"Zhou Li · Di Guan · Situ": "Paper Palm King Evil，Raising the country with the way，Naijiao Six Arts: One is five rituals，Six Le Six Le，Three said five shots，Four Yue Wuyu，Five Yue Six Books，Sixth Nine times。"" Book of Rites · Monthly "contains Meng Chun's season" Tianzi Nai Li Ji，Standards for Hunting with Bow "。The so -called "挟 矢" refers to the posture of two fingers holding the arrow to make the arrow horizontal。This image on the Five Dynasties Li Zanhua's "Fan People Shooting Hunter" can be obtained like。Qing Lang Shining's "Hongli Ringya" Emperor Qianlong's waist should be equipped with a bow，Hu Lu with arrows in the shoulder back，Riding a white horse，Holding the horizontal arrow with both hands，Also with the etiquette of "Sticking Bow and Hunting" in "Book of Rites"。"Arrow Yu" is an important part of the arrow，Naturally related to the etiquette system。"Rural Shooting" and "Big Shooting Instrument" in "Ritual" all have the etiquette of "Shun Yu"，"Shun Yu" is "combing arrow feathers"。The "Fanqi Hunting Picture" of Zhao Bozhen of the Southern Song Dynasty drew a hunter -returning man with the left eye closed，Right eye sight，Sworing the image of the arrow feathers，Very vivid and vivid。"Zhou Li" has two officials related to "arrow feathers"，One is "翨" in "Zhou Li · Qiu Guan · Sikou"，Its position is "Palm Fighting Bird，Each of its objects as the media，Dedicate its feathers "。The other is the "Yu Ren" in "Zhou Li · Di Guan · Situ"，Its position is "Palm of the Palm of Time to Sheng Yu's Political Political Political Government in Shanze's Farmers，Political Order of the State "。

Bows and arrows are weapons that are necessary for ancient Chinese military parades and honors，Parade and honor is part of the etiquette system。Ming Xu Xianqing's "Big Reading Fu" There is a text described by Liang Gong Liza，Po said: "Its Bowya，then six shots Kong Liang，Qihehe;，Play with the gum of mountain elm。Decoration with cloud flute，The more spiny Chu Tao，Jade Gold Mill，Elephant 弭 蜃珧;Enough，Decoration with cloud flute，Dry Fen Lake，，镞 镞 镞，Hed the hinge of Kansai;，Bi Guan Fei Carving。"" "。Qing thinks that you will get the world right away，The horse is killed，Therefore, attach great importance to martial arts。Many of the heroic images hanging from Ziguang Pavilion in the Qing Dynasty are the actors who show their hands holding the bow (or hold the hand or pull the bow)、Carrying full of 櫜鞬、The appearance of the waist should be proved。Clear the regulations on the arrow and arrow system are extremely complicated and strict，For example, only 櫜鞬 in the Emperor in the "Faculty of the Dynasties"、There are more than 33 species of bow and arrows，Among them, the customization of "Emperor's Big Reading Arrow" is: "Popular Mu is 笴，Three feet one inch，Iron Make three inches long，thin and wide，錽 Golden algae Wen。笴 Jewelry spagnic skin，Bashing feathers，Including Zhu Zhu。"" Decoration luxury，All the best materials are used。Leave a lot of Bet365 app download bows and arrows and related images in the Qing Dynasty，Among them, the most images that show Qianlong's hunter，It can be seen from the preferences of Qianlong's life。Check the poem "On the Six Sixth day of the East Palace, the Ten Shi Luye Gong Ji" poems are "How much is the official，Five -inch carvings with blood red "sentence，Qing Jiang Tingxi "The Fortunately Elder Ledu Taiwan University Hunting Gifts Gong Ji" poem "Tianwei Hand Handi Bow，Fourteen long residual arrows。The former deer has been the Golden servant，Eagle Sprinkle Blood Blogen "sentence，All mentioned arrow feathers made with carving。These verses are all accurate words that praise the prince and the emperor's arrow method，You can follow the "Wang Yijie in the Book of Bronze Bronze in the Shang Dynasty.，Praise 3，The description of the exit without waste。

Bows and arrows were important military supplies in ancient times，Made、Test、Collection and issuance are important contents of the military。There are many records involved in the "Scripture" and the names and images of various arches，For example, the images of various bow and arrows and crossbow in the Northern Song Dynasty and the "Martial Arts" and Ming "Wu Bei" are very complete and detailed。"The General Sutra of Wu Jing" once mentioned a "wind feather arrow"，Po: "Wind feathers，It is said that when the An Yu is empty on both sides of the air, the guest atmosphere，If you shoot, you will not drop it。This is not commonly used，Preparation of Yu Yu's lack of ears。"is an arrow with a special form of arrow feathers。Tang Li Linfu and other "Tang Liu Dian" has a detailed explanation of the bow and arrow system，Southern Song Dynasty Li You's "Song Dynasty Facts" Volume 13 "Instrument Note" also mentioned that the inspection arrow must be related to the relevant requirements of the head of the Jinwu battle.。Qing "Dynasties Rites Figures", "Qingshi Records" and "Dynasties" all have detailed provisions of bows and arrows，For example, "Dynasties" Volume 78 "Bow and Arrow" mentioned that the arrows are distinguished by arrow feathers:，Times, one, two, and third -class cicada goose arrows，Times, one, two, and three -class arrows，Times, one, two, and three -class arrows，Times, one, two, and three -class arrows，Times, one, two three -third -class sesame carving arrows，Times, one, two, three -third -class geese arrow。"" Ding Daqing Society of the Qing Dynasty "Volume 122 Military Affairs Department, Milki Power Division · Military Instrument, Tong Cong，It also contains the price set by Yongzheng for five years as a second arrow distinguished by arrow feathers。

"The Essentials of Wu Jing" "Feng Yu Arrow"  Author/Photo

　　Arrow feathers recorded in classics

The "arrow feathers" recorded in the classics have the following types.

1. Carving feathers。Also known as "Eagle", "Bada"。"Hanshu · Li Guang Lie Biography" "Is a must -see carving"。Yan Shi Ancient Note: "Carving，Bird Bird also，a 鹫，Black，翮 can be arrow feathers。"" Hanshu · Huns List "" Arrow rods are just feathered "Yan Shi ancient note:" Just，Big Evan also，Jianye long tail，Its feathers can be arrows。"Tang Lulun" Saitizer ":" 鹫 翎 姑 姑 姑，Snapt Embroidery。Independent Yang New Order，Thousands of camps call a total of one call。"" Book of Songs · Xiaoya · April "has" bandit quail bandit kite，Hanfei Sky "sentence，Mao Chuan: "quail，Eagle。"Mao Shi Zhi Zhi Zhi" in Qing Doron said: "Covering is like eagles and big，Jianye long tail，round eye hook beak，powerful and powerful。There are several kinds of Guan Zuo sculpture，Its pure black named soap carving，Its Yellow White Wing names Flower Eagle，It can catch fox，Famous Mountain Carving。翮 翮 as arrow feathers，All good。"" Liaohai Series · Quan Liao Zhi "Volume 4" poultry "" soap carving "Note:" 翎 is arrow feather，The border is expensive。"" It can be seen that the carving can also be further subdivided into "soap carving", "flower carving" and "sitting mountain carving"。Carving Yu is the first choice for making arrow feathers，Eagle in the concept of the ancients better than other birds，Therefore, carving feathers are also better than the feathers of other birds。Song Luyu's "Ya Ya" said: "The bird feathers are like a group of wrong grass，There are carvings，Bird Bird's feathers come to the ground。... Gayaga Six 翮，All take the wind light，Therefore, it is thought to be arrow feathers。"modern carving feathers can be divided into ten levels，is the first -class flying feather、Two -level Feiyu、Level 3 Feiyu、outer covering feathers、Shoulder feathers、Cover the feather on the tail、Under the end of bet365 live casino games the feather、Inner cover feathers and chest feathers。

2. Peng Yu。Peng is the legendary big bird，Specific refers to unknown。"Mingyin Sea" Volume 394 "Biography of Eight" and "Wenyuan One" "Poet Shao Zi Chuan" said:，Knead and 笴。镞，Attached to Nanpeng's strength，Send it full and send it，Guanyi 兕 Seven genus Aita is not difficult。"" Nanpeng's Time 翮 "in the text," Peng Yu "，This is a metaphor for a virtual exaggeration to arrow feathers。

3. 鸨。鸨 is a kind of bird like geese but bigger than geese。Ming Xu Xianqing's "Reading Fu" mentioned "Driving the Driving"，"Driving the 翲" is "鸨 鸨"。Qing Dynasty "Dynasties" mentioned "鸨 arrow"。"鸨", also known as ""(Vulgar Writing），Qin Ding Siku's book "Shaanxi Tongzhi · Yansui Town Zhi" said: "Shengshui grass，Big Ruchi。Feather color slightly gray black，The tip of the mouth is like a cone，neck and foot，Its 翎，Poor翎.as。”

4. Chicken feathers。Also known as "Chicken"。Chicken finger pheasant，That is。Bai Ye's feather is also known as "Han Yu", "Bai Yu", "Bai Han Yu", etc.。"Sleeping Tiger Qin Jian · Japanese Book A Species · Black": "People do not (none) so ghost attack，Is the assassin。Take the peach as a bow，Matthella as a ya，Feather Chicken feathers，See it and shoot it，It has been stunned。"" Renewal and Tongzhong Jian "Volume 55. Song Renzong's words:"，But take its text，It's not as good as the strength of the chicken 翎。"There are many records of" catching Bai Hanyu "," Seeking Bai Han Yu "and" Seeking Han Yu "in Liye Qin Jian，is the record of catching pheasants to get arrow feathers。Han Sima Xiangru "Shanglin Fu" has "Bend Fan Weak，Full Bai Yu "sentence，Wen Ying Note: "With white feathers arrow，So Bai Yu also。"" Bai Yu "here refers to the arrow of arrow feathers with white pupa feathers。

5. Yan Yu。Tang Bai Juyi "Putting Traveling Goose (Yuanhe Ten Years Winter)" "There is" Angder Hungry Shooting Ru Ru，Pulling Ru Wing 翎 翎，"Ru" in the sentence means "geese"。

6. Crane Yu。"Song History of Wang Ji Biography" contains "Time Turning in Fujian Lauret Crane as an arrow feathers"。

7. Chicken feathers。Chicken is a bird like crane。Song Hezhu's "Jade Hook Ring Song" has "My Hometown Mei Ji Ji Han，Fujian Porcelain Rabbit Bowl Cream Mao Cold，"Chicken Han" is the chicken feather。

8. Goose feathers。Yuan Yang's "New Talk of the Mountains" has "Fifteen Years of Zhengzheng，Zhejiang Ke Goose Grace as an arrow feathers，Supervisor is anxious "record。

9. Sea goose feathers。Sea geese, commonly known as "Nanfeng"，Also known as "cloth bag goose"。Qing Liu Liangbi "Rebuilding Fujian Taiwan House" Volume 6 means that the sea geese "is often hunting in the seaside，Fighting in the wind。翎 can be an arrow feather "。Taking the sea geese feather as an arrow feather，Obviously a local material。

Except for the above，White、Hong Yan (Swan)、鹳、Radium (Wild Duck)、鸰 (鹡鸰)、鸬鹚、Peacock、The feathers of birds and other birds can also be used as arrow feathers。

Former Qin Sanga Ti Po and Sanga Luo's "The Afghan Sutra" mentioned four types of arrow feathers: "I should be the prophet of the arrow feathers as the drifting hair、It is carving 毛、Chicken hair、Is it crane Maoye? "Piaoyao Mao" is "鹡鸰” ”"。Ming Guo Kui "Wang Ji" Volume 4 "Autumn Night Puppet Fu" has "鹡鸰 嗟 嗟 嗟，骐 精 轗 轗 轗 轗 轗 轗 轗。Song Huayue's "Cuiwei Bei Record" Volume 8 "Bow and Arrow System" mentioned six types of arrow feathers: "Soap carving、White、Wild、Hong、Goose 鹳、Goose。I have already been in Weiyi、鹇、The most wonderful three colors of carving 三，Ran Carving、鹇 Hard gain，It is better to use 雉。"" You Due Carving、鹇 Not easy to get，雉 羽 is more common。Ming and Song Yingxing's "Tiantong Kaiwu · Jiabing" said: "Yu takes carving as the top，Corner Eagle Times，鸱鹞。Southern Arrower，Hope of Eagle，is the eagle、鹞 also rare goods，Used plug number，，Even goose crickets are also。All carving arrows through the hawk、鹞，More than ten steps and upright，Can resist the wind blow。Northern Pragrant Yu Arrow out of this material。Eagle、鹞 鹞 作，You 惚 焉 焉。If goose、Victory of Goose，When it is released，Hands are not attentive，and the winding crowded in the wind。South Arrow is not as good as North，From this division。"" Points to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages of arrow feathers caused by regional differences in the north and south。

The arrows used by the crossbow are strong due to the radio force，Fast speed，The feathers of birds are no longer used as arrow feathers，Sometimes you need to use bamboo or leather as an arrow feather。Song Zhou should comply with "Jingding Jiankangzhi" "Military bet365 best casino games Instrument" "Mao Yan bow and arrow 64,855，Bamboo Crossbow Crossbow 8664343 "records，Tang Li Linfu and other "Tang Liu Dian" related to the two Beijing arsenal are "crossbow arrow feathers and short，If you use it, you are also "。So far, the arrow feathers of the Crossbow Crossbow are made of bamboo stacks。and the crossbow of the crossbow or bed crossbow is stronger，Fast speed，Iron leaves need to be used as feathers。Tang Liquan's "Tai Bai Yin Jing" Volume 4 "Battle Tool · Siege City" is "three feet long，Five inches around，Taking iron leaves as feathers，The "Instrument Map" part of the "Martial Arts General Extraordinary" is used in the image of the "iron feathers cut head arrow" of the double bow bed crossbow and the big cicada crossbow，On the side, there is a description, "Seven people with seven people Zhang Fa big chisel arrow，Shooting and 150 steps "。

The feathers of ancient birds are often used as materials for fans，So the fan is also called "white feather fan" or "white crane"。When the tension of arrow feathers in the war，Sometimes the fur on the fan is temporarily charged。"Song History" Volume 450 "Biography in the City"，There are old stubborn defeats，芾 芾，Yu Li Gao "is a typical example。Sometimes there is really no arrow feathers to be available，There are also some temporary emergency laws。Ru Tang Duancheng "Puyang Miscellaneous Hiroshi · Guangzhi" contains "Feng Yu method": "Go to three inch，Drilling small holes to make through，and a grain of Fengfeng canal，self -included to the hole，If you don’t have to feather。"And Song Zhao Wannian's" Xiangyang Shoucheng Record "contains:" Every time he encounters a battle，Between one day，With a crossbow, no less than 100,000。Although there are crossbow in the city，Not afraid of lack of，Then you will capture the arrow as a crossbow。Only lack of 翎，Then drill two inches under the head of the tendon，Wear hemp to replace，Both far and especially entering。”

　　The reserves and arms of the arrow feathers

The feathers of birds are mainly used to make arrow feathers outside，It is still used for car、flag、Drums and other military supplies and decoration of honors，Sometimes it is also used for dance props。Chu Tomb, Bao Shan No. 2, has been unearthed with copper halberds covered with feathers，Feather Classic identification belongs to the tail feathers of Bai Yan and the original chicken。This bronze halberd full of feathers，It is likely to be a weapon for ceremonies。

Arrow Yu is an important category of military fu，Pay special attention to the past。"Tube · Leveling B" to ask Qi Yonggong to ask the tube to ask "Leather、Dry、tendon、Corner、Bamboo、Arrow、Yu、Mao、Teeth、Insufficient Revolution，Is there a way to do this? "Mandarin · Chu Langu" said: "Turtle、beads、Corner、Teeth、Leather、Leather、Yu、Mao，So those who have to do so to abstinence also。"" "Preparation" is also seen in Liye Qin Jian，"Liye Qin Jian" (贰) Jane 992 has a record of "less money □ to buy feathers ..."。Take the Song Dynasty as an example，There are six categories of products in the Song Dynasty.，"Mao Mao" is one of them。"Song History of Wang Ji Listed" contains: "Time to adjust Fujian to lose cranes as arrow feathers。Crane is very objective，There is an urgent responsibility，Yiyu to hundreds of dollars，The people are suffering。Ji Zhimin takes goose and loses，Still playing it in the post，Yuebian County Xunji Ji Chen。"During the Southern Song Dynasty, frequent suffering from frequent，Soldiers and Leather Bee，The court of the court is particularly heavy for the arrow feathers，Various records are frequent in classics。"Songwen" Volume 3786 Zaishu Secret Courtyard，It is mentioned that the fur in the self -made weapon in Yue Fei army was "5.29882 blocks，Four inches and eight points for each "，Visible quantity huge。Due to the poorness of the arrow feathers，Local and the people are miserable，As a result, Wang Zao, who knows Fuzhou, said in "Fuzhou Begging Creation of Warships": "The ministers please refer to the most urgent and the people who are the most urgent.，Warship、Buy arrow、Mao Mao is also。"At that time, on the one hand, the hair used to make arrow feathers was used as a military supplies on the one hand.，On the one hand, he often recruits 翎 翎，Delivery to the administration，Caused "one foot to a thousand dollars in arrows" ("Song History Chronicle" Volume 74 "Golden Liangnan Invasion")，And caused some officials and their servants to use their powers to spend the border without authorization，Fishing profits from it。Therefore, the emperor of the scholarship is constantly calling for，Bet365 app download With wide people。"Goryeo History" Volume 9 "Yuan sent envoys to be a warrior，Together with Ji Lang Jinyu to Qingshang Quanluo to gather people's arrow feathers and iron "，It can be seen that the search for arrow feathers can even reach the border。"Qingshi Record · Guangxu Dynasty Real Record" Zai Guangxu's military minister, etc., said: "Icker Tang Ah and other plays and other 翎 should be resolved for a fold。It is said that the existing Russian soldiers in the Golden State Eagle Factory Set the Gun，Evanging Far，As a result, the soldier cannot seduce and wait。Use on the carved 翎，Except Jinzhou，Is there still a place to catch and carving，Icker Tang Ah and others found out。"" Arrow feathers for collecting arrows at the time，There is also a carving factory in Jinzhou (now Dalian)。

Since arrow feathers are important military supplies，It is necessary to collect reserves on time。Yuelu Qin Jian "Govern Officers and Guizhou" said: "Treasury feathers、Leather。"Book of Rites · Monthly" contains Meng Chunzhi's monthly order and a hundred workers to "review the five libraries: gold、Iron、Leather、Leather、tendon、Corner、Teeth、Yu、Dry、fat、Glip、Dan、paint，Not bad or bad "。The "feather" mentioned in which refers to the hair that is mainly used to make arrow feathers。Arrows that have been launched，Arrow feathers often break，"Warring States Policy · Zhao Ce Four" "Yanfeng Song Rong Rongzhang as Gao Yang Jun" has "car、A、Feather Cracks "，"Feather Cracks" means that the arrow feathers are broken。Northwest Hanjian has a lot of "feather coins (敝)" records，such as "Ya Shi，Yiming (敝)。No matter if you can't make up "。(Juyanhan Jane 58 · 3) means that ten short arrow arrow feathers have been broken，Even if it is repaired, it cannot be used。The Southern Song Dynasty Luyou "The Summer Night Do not have a Fu" has "the husband has no success and the boss，Arrow feathers withering swords and astringent sentences，"Arrow feathers wither" also refers to the broken arrow feathers。Qing Li Ruzhen's "Mirror Flower" is 79th: "Father often meets the rain and rain，衙 门 无，Just shoot a pastime here。Fear wet flowers，So take this converter。"" Arrow Yu is easy to get moisture，Archery in the convertible，I am afraid of getting wet and arrow feathers，So the Northern Wei Jia Si "Qi Min Yao Shu" Volume 3 mentioned that after the planting in May, "ash Tibetan、Qiu、Mao Yan's things and arrow feathers "。It can be seen that in order to prevent moisture, the arrow feathers must be placed in the gray。"Quan Songwen" Volume 324 Fan Yong's "Mao Mao Mao required for the Five Roads and other five roads such as the beggar" mentioned "，After years of 蚛 蚛 "。Favorite feathers today are insect -proof，Sometimes you need to put some pesticides，It is speculated that there must be similar measures in ancient times。

　　The production of arrow feathers and other

"Zhou Li · Kao Gong Ji · Ya Ren" said when talking about the proportion of the arrows: "Participate in the length and kill one，Five points of long and feathered one，With its thick feathers and deep feathers，Water to identify its yin and yang，Clipped its yin and yang to set its ratio，Plug it is comparable to its feather，Participate in its feather to set its blade，Although there are wind，Yifu's can be frightened。"also said:" Yufeng is late，Yu Killing is 趮。It is shaken by it，to see the festival of its abundance;，It is also known as its galloping。"" These two descriptions are too brief and special，Especially the first paragraph，10184_10193，But in some places, you still cannot fully understand。Arrows will be interfered by wind in different directions when flying，The length of the arrow、The length of each part of the arrow、size and weight，Including the length and width and weight of the arrow feathers，All are important factor affecting the arrow flight status。From the first paragraph of "Examination Gong Ji", we know that arrow feathers generally occupy one fifth of the total length of the arrow，From the second paragraph, it can be seen that if the arrow feathers are too large，The resistance will increase，Speed ​​reduction; if the arrow feathers are too small，will affect the stability of the arrow flight，Easy to produce bias。Therefore, you must use your hand to shake the arrow pole to check whether the size of the arrow feathers is appropriate; to check the strength of the arrow feathers appropriate。It can be seen that the production of arrow feathers with long, wide width, width, width, width, width, width, width, width, high and weak arrow feathers，It is very important for arrows。

The ancients used bows and arrows for a long bet365 live casino games time，Master the length and thickness of the arrows and each part of the arrow，Including the length of the arrow feathers、The best ratio of width and weakness，and use this technique to create a variety of bows and arrows with different uses，Make it the biggest effect。Modern scientific measurement，This skill fully reflects air dynamics、Technology of fluid mechanics and ballistic。1992 to commemorate international space years，Stamp 1992-14 issued by China Post，Ticket surface is the image of an ancient rocket with arrow feathers in the flight，revealed from arrow to ancient rockets，11098_11116。

Specific method of setting up arrow feathers，The most commonly used from ancient times to the present is the adhesive adhesion and plus wire wiring，Someone speculates that in ancient China used to open the arrow rod，The way to clamp the arrow feathers between the arrow poles and then，This is obviously misunderstanding。From the world's perspective，The method of paste the arrow feathers on the arrow pole can be divided into a straight line admission feathers、Cingard Patching Feather and Spiral Patch Feather Method，These three methods have their own advantages and disadvantages。Look from archeological discovery and classics，Ancient Chinese arrow feathers have always adopted a straight line and feather method。

Ancient Chinese Bow and Arrows have a great influence in East Asia，Look at some images from ancient North Korea，Its bow and arrow，The styles of arrow feathers are all with bow and arrows in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of China，The style of arrow feathers is very close。Songhe Hall has three types of handwriting of Japanese bow -type literature，Including "Bow Name Volume" (1924 Mu Muchurazi)、"Yazhi Volume: Horned、Finger Ya "(1924 Kimura Writing Copy) and" Bioshituka Biography "(1838 Fujiwara Yoshiba)，There are many detailed descriptions and names in these manuscripts.，Frequent can be seen from it, the grawing gallery image attached to the Song and Ming Bing books of China and the shadow of the Gongya image leftover from the Qing Dynasty。

With the rise of the firearm and the back of the bow and arrow in the war，Shit the incident，Ancient bow and arrow production skills also gradually micro。In 1942, some scholars surveyed the process of making bows and arrows in Chengdu Changxing Bowbu.，Among them, the specific methods of installing arrow feathers (called "Ba Mao") and steps，The arrow feathers used as carved feathers，Produced in Yunnan，Eighty -ninety pieces is a bundle，A bundle of 70 yuan。Interesting is the investigation also mentioned the shooting tactic titled "mouth vomiting flowers"，That is, when the archery, the arrow feathers made from carved feathers approach the shooting position near the mouth。Some scholars have summarized the sources of bows and arrows since modern times，Divide the style of the arrow feathers into three formulas: straight Chinese style、The sharp old European style (also known as the hunter) and the model of the long circle (also known as the air balloon or the spacecraft)。The arrow feathers used in modern competitions have two main styles，is the water drop and shield。Beijing "Juyuan Bow and Arrow Production Skills", as a national intangible cultural heritage "，Inheritance has three hundred years of history，Inheritor Yang Fuxi has introduced the selection of arrow feathers in the Jiuyuan Bow production skills，It is pointed out that the best material for arrow feathers is carving，Followed by Swan，Owwrea again，The most time is the feather of Daqing geese。Since these birds are now national protection animals，So you can only use goose cricket as arrow feathers，The best thing in the goose is the French goose，And the Chinese goose’s cricket has not been selected because of the insufficient length。

Modern folk bows and arrows used for practicality and game for games，Also part of the habit of making arrow feathers used along the feathers used for birds，But in the formal sports competition，Bows and arrows are made of modern composite materials or partial composite materials，Arrow feathers made with bird feathers have also been replaced by various colors and plastic feathers with patterns。

(This article is the ancient Chinese characters and Chinese civilization inheritance and development project "The Contemporary Transformation of the Contemporary Transformation of Literature and Chinese Classical Studies" (G2607)

(The author is a professor of literature unearthed in Fudan University)