Yungang Studies Research in recent years，Related results layer out of stacking，However, the discussion article of Yungang Academic Discipline，At present, there are few fingers，It is regrettable。This article puts forward some understanding on several issues in Yungang's research，Looking forward to more discussions。

　Bet365 lotto review

Yungang Grottoes is located in the southern foot of Wuzhou (Zhou), western in the west of Datong City, Shanxi Province，It belongs to Yungang Town, Yungang District, Datong City。Yungang Grottoes are the northern Wei royal family concentrated national skills and manpower、Large Buddhist Grottoes made by material resources，Ji Buddhist carving、Architectural and painting art is integrated，The system is huge，The content is deep，Involved in the areas of secular society，It is the representative of the art of Buddhist grottoes in the 5-6th century in China。

386 years，The leader of Xianbei Tuoba Ministry Tuoba is independent of the king。398 years，Move the capital Pingcheng，Dingguo Number "Wei"，"Cao Wei" in the Three Kingdoms period，History called "Northern Wei", "Later Wei", "Tuoba Wei" or "Yuanwei"。Tuoba Xianbei is an ethnic group that comes out of the grassland jungle，First use nomadic hunting as a living，After gradually learning farming。The Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty respects Buddhism，Tuobayu's first capital Pingcheng，In the end: "The prosperity of the Dharma，It is far away。Ji Yi Gong，Dama and deposit，It has a division，Shin Keyou。It has a division，Building Rong Fan in Beijing，Repair palace house，Lingxin Xiangxiang，There is something to stay。""，"Starting the five -level Buddhist map、阇 阇，Add。Do not structure the lecture hall、Zen Hall and Saimen seat，Must be strictly treated。Taizong practice position，Zun Taizu's business，Also good Huang Lao，Mono the Dharma，Jingyi Sifang，Create image，Still allowing Shamen to guide folklore "。When I was in Taibu Emperor Tuoba，An incident of destroying the Buddha。Wensheng Emperor Tuoba Jun ascended (452)，Restore Buddhist status immediately，The first year of peace (460)，He appointed Monk Monk as a Saimen，Responsible for "Said in Wedu Prefecture, Beijing，Cutting mountain stone wall，Five Caves，One of the Buddha statues of the Buddha。70 feet of the tall，Sixty feet，Carving Qiwei，Crown in the One "。It is now called "Taro Five Caves"。After the Emperor Wenwen、Emperor Xiaowen and Pingcheng believers and nobles have been built one after another，Form a huge scale、Meteorological Thousands、Contents Hongfu Cave Temple。There are 254 large and small caves for today、More than 59,000 statues，With rich Buddhist content and the artistic style of Buddhist Buddhist Buddhism。"Water Sutra Note · Water" describes its "Wuchuan Water and Southeast Flow，There is a stone in the water on the side of the water and the room room，Bhikkhuni live also。The water turn east，迳 Lingyan South，Stone pounding mountain，Due to the rock structure，True Rong Ji Zhuang，World Law Hime。Yamage Hall，Yan Temple Xiangwang，Lin Yuan Jin Jing，New Overlook "。The grotto has become a historical monument for the East of Buddhism，Also West Lai Buddhist thought、Crystal of the integration of art and local people's culture。Ming Dynasty，Yunang Army Castle is set on the top of the mountain，Wuzhou Mountain Grottoes is easy to name in Yungang Grottoes。

　The formation of Yungang Xue

Yungang Xue is based on the development of disciplines，Roughly divided into three stages。The first stage is the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China，The inspection and research of Yungang Grottoes gradually expand。Six years of Kangxi (1667)，Zhu Yizun wrote "Yungang Stone Buddha"，Not big in length，is a travel notes。Ming and Qing dynasties are more recorded in Yungang，As the Ming Dynasty Zhengde's "Datong House"、Qing Shunzhi "Yunzhong County Chronicle"、Qianlong's "Datong Mansion" and Daoguang "Datong County" and so on。In the late Qing Dynasty，Some foreign scholars come to China for inspection，Discover Yungang Grottoes。1902，Doctor of Japanese Engineering Aidon Zhongtai for studying architecture to investigate Yungang，Write "Yungang Travel"，Subsequently released the "Beiqing Architectural Survey Report" and "Shanxi Yungang Grottoes Temple" in 1906，The first time I announced in the Japanese academic community。Introduce Yungang Grottoes to Europe，It is French Sinologist E. Chavannes。1907，He goes to Yungang Grottoes for inspection，and published the French version of "North China Archeology" two years later (also translated "North China Archeology List" and "North China Archeology Inspection Map")，Mainly pictures，Announce Yungang Grottoes in the European academic community，Yungang Grottoes entered the era of image expression。

Subsequent，A large number of scholars rush to Yungang Grottoes，1920，Kimita Kataro survey Yungang，Published a large number of pictures in the form of a diary body published "Datong Shifo Temple"。1921，Yamamoto Zana (Yamamoto) published the exquisite photo of bet365 best casino games Yungang Grottoes "Yungang Grottoes"。1925，Nakai Tonota compiled、Publishing "Datong Stone Buddha Grand View" of the photography of Outer Village。Another，Swedish scholar Xi Longren compiled "Chinese Evanizer in the Five to 14th Century"，Japanese scholars often set up、Guan Ye Zhen co -authored "History of Buddhism"，"The Three Arts of the East" of Ono Xuanmiao，Follow Yungang，fully affirmed the status of Yungang Grottoes，Setting off the surge in Yungang's research。1938-1944，Japanese scholars Mizuno Kiyoshi and Changguang Mi，A comprehensive investigation of Yungang Grottoes、Records and measured work，At the same time, a small -scale excavation was made to the site of the front of the cave and the site of the Top Buddha Temple of the Cave，It is the most detailed survey measurement of Yungang Grottoes at this stage。

Many scholars in China are engaged in Yungang Grottoes for inspection and research。1918，Chen Yuan first go to Yungang Grottoes for inspection，Published the article "Remember the Temple of Wutongwu Mountain Cave"，Open Chinese scholars to study Yungang Grottoes ahead。1933，Liang Sicheng、Lin Huinin、Liu Dunzhen and other creation schools to inspect Yungang Grottoes，In the "China Construction Society for Construction"，published "Northern Wei Architecture in Yungang Grottoes"。1936，Monday Liang Written "Yungang Stone Buddha Trip"，The article comprehensively discusses the name of Yungang Grottoes、Grottoes excavation、Cotton number and name。The results of other scholars are Bai Zhiqian "Yungang Grottoes Temple"、Tang Yongtong's "The History of Buddhism, the Buddhism of the Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty"。The research results of Chinese and foreign scholars at this stage have become prelude to Yungang Xue，It laid the foundation for the formation of Yungang Xue。

The second stage is after the founding of New China，Yungang Grottoes Studies have been further valued。July 21, 1950，The Yanbei Cultural Relics Exploration Group, which is established by the Ministry of Culture and Cultural Relics of the Central People's Government and the Cultural Relics Bureau，The first survey of the cultural relics of Datong Yungang Grottoes and other seven places after the establishment of New China，content contains grotto、Site、Tomb、Gujian、Stoneware、pottery、bronze wares, etc.。The survey team takes Pei Wenzhong as the head of the regiment，Member 16 people，There is a white、Yan Wenru、Chen Mengjia、Wang Xun、Fu Zhenlun, etc.。March 1951，The first cultural relic survey report of New China's first cultural relics survey "Report on the Yanyo Cultural Relics Survey Group"，Among them, Wang Xun's "Yukao Investigation Book" records the statue of Yungang Grottoes、Wu Guantun statue、Northern Wei site at the top of Yungang Mountain、Jiao Shan and other places in several places。

The results of Yungang's research have continued to emerge: from 1951 to 1956，The Institute of Humanities and Sciences of Kyoto University successively published 16 volumes and 32 archaeological reports "Yungang Grottoes -Investigation Report on Archaeological Institute of Buddhist Caves in Northern China in the West Calendar"。1975，I also compiled "Yungang's Cave: Continuing · Eighteenth Cave Test Map"。2013，The Institute of Humanities Sciences of Kyoto University also cooperates with the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Translate the original report into Chinese，and continued to make up for "Yungang Grottoes" 17-20 volumes，officially published in China and Japan。other，Okamura Xiu Dian "Yungang Grottoes: Research on Archaeological Studies of Nishin Shi New Stone, Qinhan · Northern Wei, Liaoling and Jin, Northern Shanxi Province" and "Yungang Grottoes Archeology"、"The Literature of Yungang Grottoes" in Hakumi Haruki、Yungang Grottoes: Art、History、Archeology and Rites "are all monographs on Yungang Grottoes。

In the past, Yungang research monographs were mostly from foreign scholars，In recent decades，Chinese scholars later lived in，Full results，Such as Liu Ruyu's "Great Sculpture Art -Yungang" (1954)，Liu Yuying "Yungang Pattern" (1959)，Su Bai、Li Zhiguo "Yungang Grottoes" (1991)，Su Bai "Study of China Grusted Temple" (1996)，Wang Jianshun's "Yungang Grottoes Art Aesthetic theory" (1998)，Zhao Yide's "Yungang Grottoes Culture" (1998)，Yan Wenru "Yungang Grottoes Research" (2003)，Zhang Zi "Chronicles of Yungang Grottoes" (2006)，Wang Heng's "Yungang Grottoes Dictionary" (2012)，Peng Minghao's "Construction Project of Yungang Grottoes" (2017), etc.。2019，Zhang Zi is the editor -in -chief，Wang Heng、Zhao Kunyu's 20 -volume "Complete Works of Yungang Grottoes" was released。This set of great works in Figure 12710，Including the statue 59265 Zun，It is a set of comprehensive reflection of the different periods of Yungang Grottoes、Different caves、The full -episodes of different artistic styles and artistic characteristics，Become the most complete to date、The most authoritative Yungang Grottoes Image spectrum information，Reflecting the degree of achievement of "Yungang Xue" research。2021，Zhang Qingjie is the editor -in -chief、Liu Jianjun and Liu Yanqing are deputy editor -in -chief of the "Institution Report of the Site of the Top Buddhist Temple Bet365 lotto review in the Peak of Yungang Grottoes"，Discover information through the five -year mountain top archeological excavation，Show the historical appearance of the Temple Temple of Yungang Grottoes。

During this period, the research papers of Yungang Grottoes continued to emerge，The most important papers are the "" Preliminary Organization of the Historical Materials of the History Materials of the Datong Yungang Grottoes Temple "published by Mr. Su Bai in 1956，and "Yungang Grottoes Installation Theory" published in 1978，Not only an important breakthrough in previous research，Bring the study of Yungang Grottoes to a new height，It has a long -term guiding significance for the study of Yungang science。2005，Yungang Grottoes Research Institute held Yungang International Academic Conference，After the meeting, publishing Yungang Research Collection "2005 Yungang International Academic Symposium Collection"。

Determined Yungang Xue as a subject construction goal，Li Xuefeng, the first secretary of the former North China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。When he re -traveled to Yungang Grottoes in July 1984，Triggered "Efforts to establish Yungang Xue，Second Oracle Learning、Dunhuang Xue，Strive for the backbone of this learning，History and art academics from all walks of life and society in society support from all aspects，Show the great creative power of the socialist socialism of the Chinese nation "。He will learn Yungang and Oracle、Dunhuang Xue proposed。After that，Many scholars have called for formal establishment of Yungang Xue，The creation of the "Yungang Xue" in Hanfu is imperative "、Wang Heng's "Yungang Xue: From Ending to Consciousness"。Yungang Xue gradually becomes climate，Exit。

The third stage is May 11, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected Yungang to the present，Yungang Studies Agency was established one after another。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized when inspecting Yungang Grottoes，"Yungang Grottoes is a World Cultural Heritage，Protect Yungang Grottoes，Not only does it have Chinese meaning，and has a global significance。Historical and cultural heritage is non -renewable、Unsable valuable resources，Always put the protection in the first place。Developing tourism should be based on protection，Can't over -commercial，Let travel become people's understanding of Chinese culture、The process of enhancing cultural self -confidence。The historical connotation of the interaction and integration of all ethnic groups contained in Yungang Grottoes must be tapped，Enhance the consciousness of the Chinese nation community "。

From this，"Yungang Xue" goes into a new height，Datong Municipal Committee、Municipal Government quickly organizes the Yugang Grottoes Research Institute and relevant experts to draft the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Research and Protection of the Historical and Cultural Heritage of Yungang Caves for the establishment of Yungang Studies"。September 9, 2020，Datong University of Shanxi established Yungang College and Yungang Cultural Ecological Research Institute; October 30th，Shanxi University formed the establishment of the Yungang Institute and Peking University -Shanxi University Yungang Studies Center，At the same time, "Yungang Study Newsletter" was founded at the same time。November of the same year，Datong University founded the national academic journal "Yungang Research"。February 19, 2021，The specifications of the Yungang Grottoes Research Institute upgrade，Renamed Yungang Research Institute。The establishment and publication of the above agencies，It is a sign of the official establishment of Yungang Xue。

　　The connotation and definition of Yungang Xue

What is the connotation of "Yungang Xue"? Following the name of the name，The connotation of "Yungang Xue" is the ontology of Yungang Grottoes，Specific refers to all cultural relics and literatures of Yungang Grottoes so far，Ruya Yungang Grottoes's environmental layout、Caves、Statue style、Building pattern、Stele inscription、Site of the Buddhist Temple of the Peak、Archaeological unearthed information and various ancient books that recorded Yungang people and things，All are the important connotations of Yungang Xue。These connotations involve Buddhism、Archaeological、Art、music dance、Architecture、History、Geography、National、Folk customs and cultural relics maintenance protection。

Yungang Grottoes are located in the western suburbs of the Northern Wei Dynasty，30 miles from Pingcheng，Royal Grottoes directly controlled by the court，Pingcheng's distinctive location color，Xianbei、The signs of exchanges between the Han and the Western Regions are obvious，It is the first large Buddhist grotto group east of Xinjiang，It is very affected by the culture of Pantra。Therefore，It is the open tolerance of the Northern Wei Dynasty、Receive and accordance with、National Fusion、Cultural Crystal of Chinese and Western Exchange，It has a pivotal role in the study of China Grottoes Temple。

"Yungang Xue" is named because of the ground，But its connotation is not stunned in one place，It does not refer to the study of the ontology of Yungang Grottoes，It means to start from the research from Yungang Grottoes，Further explore Bet365 lotto review the process of spreading ancient Buddhism、Features and reasons。

Geography of Yungang Grottoes、Politics、Cultural characteristics，As a result, the connotation of Yungang Xue is very rich，At least divided into two parts: core content and extension content。The former is Buddhist with Yungang Grottoes、History、Art、Ancient Garden、Protection inheritance、Geographical environment and other relics。The latter's range is wider，Already as mentioned above，Yungang Grottoes is the product of Pingcheng's political culture and beliefs，The construction and development of its construction and the rise and fall of the Northern Wei Royal Family and Pingcheng，Its donors and believers are from Pingcheng，This determines the extension of the connotation of "Yungang Xue"，The cultural beliefs of all levels of Pingcheng and the historical and cultural relics of the living relics and exchanges of various ethnic groups in Pingcheng。"Wei Shu · Shi Lao Zhi" records the spread of Buddhism before the excavation of Yungang Grottoes，It is self -evident to studying the important meaning of Yungang Grottoes。Other historical books such as "North History", "South Qi Book of Weirou", "Water Sutra", "Qi Min Yao Shu" and other historical books，Also records a lot of content of "Wei Shu"。

Archaeologists excavated the site of the Northern Wei Palace in Pingcheng、Site of the temple and the Tomb of the Northern Wei Dynasty，Many building components unearthed、Shi Ji、pottery figurines and countless utensils、Buddha statue、Machining of the stupa or tomb，The national characteristics in archeological data are very obvious，Especially the characteristics of the Xianbei nation are obvious，Show the lifestyle of the Northern Wei Dynasty，Show the process of northern ethnic minorities mainly based on Xianbei people from nomads to farming; shows a hundred years of years，The process of actively integrating Han culture in the northern ethnic minorities，It is of great significance to explore its role in exploring its role in the formation of the Chinese nation community。unearthed hoe figurines holding pipa、箜篌 箜篌，It can be comparable to the carving instrument in Yungang，Reflected the spread and influence of the Silk Road Music and Dance in Pingcheng。There is still a large Northern Wei relic on the Pingcheng site，As Fangshan Northern Wei Yonggu Ling、Wu Guantun Grottoes、Luban Kiln Grottoes、Jiao Mountain Grottoes、Luye Yuan Grottoes, etc.，All are important physical evidence in studying the historical connotation of Yungang。

Some literary works are also important information，For example, there are many Northern Wei works in "The Collection of Ledu"，The more famous such as "Real Age Song", "Logic", "Turku Hun", "Murong Khan", "Agan Ge", etc.，The most representative is Magnolia Ci。Even "Sui Shu · Music", "Old Tang Book · Music" and the "Element Poetry Collection" edited by the Song Dynasty，The source of musical instruments described in the whereabouts、Uses and circulating，For the study of music and dance discovery of Yungang Grottoes and archeology，It has a lot of value。

In view of the extensive impact of Yungang Grottoes，Su Bai Shi discovered the unique position of Yungang Grottoes in northern China，Specifically proposed the concept of "Yungang Mode"，"Yungang Grottoes is the earliest large -scale grotto group in East Xinjiang，It was the northern Wei royal family that ruled the North China at that time to concentrate on national skills and manpower、Material capacity created ... the new model created and continuously developed，Very naturally becoming a typical example of the reference of Xingfeng Caves in the field of Wei Kingdom。So，East from Wanfo Temple Grottoes in Yixian County, Liaoning，West to Shaanxi、Gan、Northern Wei Grottoes in various places，There are all traces of Yungang mode，Even the Hexi Corridor in the distance、The history of Kajian was earlier than the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in Yungang "and no exception"。

Proposal of the concept of Yungang mode，Inheritance of the evolution of Chinese Buddhist Grottoes，Open the vision of the researcher，Yungang mode naturally becomes an important content of Yungang Xue。

The research content of Yungang Xue is roughly the same as the Dunhuang Xue，The research content of Yungang Xue is roughly the same as the Dunhuang Xue。Hangkan once pointed out the differences between the two。

One，The research content of Dunhuang studies is regional，The research content of Yungang Xue is global。Dunhuang is located in Border Pass，Yunang is located in the capital。

Its two，The research content of Dunhuang studies focuses on micro; Yungang Xue is doing micro research，Macro research on early grottoes and religious relics in northern China。

Three，Yungang Xue and Dunhuang Xuedu Study Grottoes，Yungang Grottoes, especially the first and second caves of the first and second issues before the capital moved to Luoyang，The artistic expression of the royal will，The deductible person is the royal family and the upper -level ruler; the Dunhuang Grottoes are mostly small and medium -sized caves，Most of the people who have invested in their capital are local officials and monks。

Four，The characteristics of Dunhuang Study Research are their about documents，The research content of Yungang Xue, except for the history，Also archaeological discovery，and the Buddhist ruins and inscriptions that appeared in northern China under the influence of Yungang mode。

bet365 Play online games These differences are objective existence，Researchers should seek common ground while deposit，Long -term tonic，Draw more nutrition from Dunhuang Studies。

On the basis of exploring the connotation of Yungang，We try to launch the definition of Yungang Xue，That is, Yungang Xue is the Buddhist relics of Yungang Grottoes、The subject matter of art is the core，History and cultural relics north of Wei Pingcheng、Yungang mode、Change of the North Grottoes Temple、National blending、Chinese and Western cultural exchanges are comprehensive disciplines of research objects。

　The space -time range of Yungang Xue

Discuss the time range of Yungang Xue，The upper limit should be associated with Buddhism East，Also pay attention to the spread of Buddhism in Pingcheng in Pingcheng, the Emperor Taiwu Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty。

Su Bai talked about the importance of Yungang Grottoes when discussing the importance of Yungang Grottoes: "The wide range of the influence and long -influence of the duration of the Yungang Grottoes，It is an indispensable。This situation，It exactly provides us with a standard scale of the early grottoes north of the Huaihe River (the second half of the 5th century to the 7th century) in our country.。Therefore，Yungang Grottoes occupy a very important position in the early East Grottoes，The research on it has largely the key to studying early East Grottoes;，Strictly affect the research work of a large number of grottoes。"" This passage does not point out the importance of Yungang Xue，and roughly cleared the space -time range of Yungang Xue。According to the point of view of Bai Bai，The time range of the study of Yungang Xue，That is, "The second half of the 5th century to the 7th century"，The time range of the study of Yungang Xue，but including Northern Wei、Eastern Wei、Western Wei、Northern Qi、Northern Zhou、Early Sui and Tang Dynasty (Gaozong period)。This stage，It is northern politics、Military、Religious、Culture、The period from chaos to governance of nation。

The relics of Buddhist Grottoes Temple are the core content of Yungang Xue，Study Yungang Grottoes，Can't help but examine the spread of Buddhism in the early stages of Buddhism，Especially the spread of Buddhist grottoes in China。According to literature and archeological information，The time for Buddhism to be introduced into China is the two Han，But as a grotto temple that reflects the art of Buddhism，East time is later than the two Han。Display Buddhist art from west to east，First is the Western Regions and Hexi regions，Su Bai refers to the combination of grottoes and statues in the east of Xinjiang as "Liangzhou Mode"，Time is Beiliang period，This should be the upper limit of the time range of Yungang's study。Look at its time limit，Su Baiding was in the "7th century"，that is the Tang Gaozong period，It makes sense，Because this stage is exactly the prosperity of the establishment of Buddhist grottoes in the north。Of course，Relevant relics in various eras cannot be ignored，Ru Yungang's golden monument is very significant for studying early in Yunang。Similarly，The cave inscriptions elsewhere in other places are more or less involved in the construction history and scale of caves in various places。

Look at the space range of Yungang Xue。Su Bai refers to "north of Huaihe River"，Specific "East from the Wanfo Temple Grottoes，West to Shaanxi、Gan、Northern Wei Grottoes in various places，There are all traces of Yungang mode，Even the Hexi Corridor in the distance、The history of Kajian was earlier than the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in Yungang "and no exception"。His research summarizes the spatial range of Yungang Xue，can be subdivided into three levels。The first level，The core of Yungang Xue is Yungang Grottoes，From this departure，First of all, the temples of Yungang Grottoes and its surrounding caves，As Wu Guantun Grottoes、Luban Kiln Grottoes、Jiao Mountain Grottoes、Luye Garden Grottoes。

The second level，Yungang Xue is a discipline with obvious regional characteristics and cultural characteristics，closely related to regional culture，Therefore, you must not help but notice its geographical relationship。Due to the emergence and development of Yungang Grottoes, it is related to the prosperity of Pingcheng，Even its service target is mainly the class of Pingcheng，Therefore, study the spatial range of Yungang Xue，It should cover Pingcheng。

The third level，Discuss the spatial range of Yungang Xue，Need to develop around the occurrence of Buddhism and its art in the north。After the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang，Yungang mode has a great impact，So investigate the ins and out，There must be no grottoes carved from all parts of Longmen Grottoes and north。Therefore，Discuss the spatial range of Yungang Xue，The relevant areas of the entire northern and Buddhist cave temples can be included in the field。

　　Research objects and goals of Yungang Xue

Yungang Studies is a comprehensive discipline，Rich in content。Research object of Yungang Xue，First is the ontology of Yungang Grottoes，Specific such as Yungang Grottoes and its Buddhist art、The relationship between the art of Yungang Grottoes and India and Pantheo，History in Yungang area、Geography、Heritage protection、Archeology、Related historical documents and stele materials。Brief words，People about Yungang Grottoes、Things、object，All research objects。

bet365 live casino games Next，According to the range of Yungang's learning space,，Yungang Grottoes are not independent of society，Its dynamics and development power is not the Yungang Grottoes itself，Instead, it is derived from Pingcheng Heping City Culture in the East，The product of the Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty，Buddhist believers in Pingcheng、Material and technical talents have always been the driving force for the construction and development of Yungang Grottoes。On the other hand,，Although Yungang Grottoes are located outside Pingcheng，But it is an unspeal part of Pingcheng Buddhist temple，There is a certain causal relationship between the two。Therefore，The historical culture of Pingcheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the archaeological information of the Northern Wei Pingcheng site，It is very important to study the history and evolution of Yungang Grottoes。Through unearthed utensils，Discuss the close relationship between Pingcheng and the Silk Road，It helps to study the ins and outs of the Dhara art in Yungang Grottoes，It is also the physical information of exploring the interaction and integration process of all ethnic groups in Pingcheng。Pingcheng Infrastructure Archeology is in full swing，Provide new unearthed information every year，Bring new problems and research objects，For the social composition of Pingcheng、Civilization level、Political Ecology、National Fusion、Buddhist relics、Cultural exchanges and other great value。

Yungang mode is an important content of Yungang Xue，The generation of Yungang mode and its background、The rich connotation of Yungang mode、The formation and development of Yungang mode in the north、The far -reaching impact of Yungang mode, etc.，All are the key research objects of Yungang Xue。This requires that the research objects of Yungang Xue cannot be limited to Yungang，Not limited to micro -research on individual caves or relics，Instead, you need to let go of your horizons，System research on the current status and evolution of early grottoes and religious relics in northern China。

Research object of Yungang Xue，It should also include the protection and inheritance of the grotto。Lost skin，Mao will be attached。The protection technology of Yungang Grottoes and other Grottoes，Occupy important positions in the field of research。Looking back at the history of the Yundao Grottoes is gradually destroyed，Destroy the two types of human destruction and natural destruction，Many reasons for human destruction，Among them, the stolen selling is a reason，Show Chen Yungang Grottoes in major museums abroad，All are the explicit certification of the stolen sale。The cause of natural damage is mainly groundwater erosion and weathering，Many sculptures in the grotto disappear quietly。Therefore，Environmental monitoring of the protection of grottoes、Cave disease survey prevention、Anti -seepage、Prevention、Cave maintenance reinforcement、Cave eave repair、Environmental improvement、Temperature sudden changes、Dangerous rock body problems，All of them have become big problems of inheritance and display。Similar to the monitoring of the grotto、Protection、Maintenance，Including digital protection，All belong to the field of Yungang Studies。For example，Shanghai University Union China University of Geosciences (Beijing)、Yungang Research Institute、Beijing True Online Monitoring Technology Co., Ltd. approved by Shanxi Province's major science and technology project "Yungang Grottoes Landy Cultural Relics Internal Concrete Water Monitoring and Governance Key Technology Research"，It is a good research project。

The literature related to Yungang Grottoes is very rich，Existing in History、Local Chronicles and History and Geography。Research on historical documents，It is also the research object of Yungang Xue。Literature research should start from the literature，Sworing the system，Edited by Yinyungang's historical materials Series、List，Including all kinds of achievements in previous research，To find out the bottom of the family，Fully understand Yungang academic history，Consolidate the research foundation of Yungang Xue。

The theoretical method of Yungang Studies，It is also a future research object。First, strengthen field survey and research analysis。The second is the research of cultural relics、Literature History and anthropology need to be combined with each other。Yungang Xue is an archeology in the historical period，To give full play to the role of the literature，The so -called dual evidence method。Third is to strengthen multi -disciplinary collaboration，Joint Cover。Fourth is from Xianbei Cultural Belief、Silk Road、Nomadic and farming、Many aspects of the nation's agglomeration and integration，Examine the construction of Yungang Grottoes and the Urban Construction of Pingcheng、Population migration, etc.。Five is to collect and accumulate excellent archeological theories and methods at home and abroad，Pay special attention to absorbing the advantages of Dunhuang learning，With existing research results at home and abroad，Opening a new field of academic research。

Through the above arrangement，Roughly drawing out the research object of Yungang Xue，Can be summarized as five aspects: First, the Buddhist grottoes and temples and their religious ideological bet365 Play online games and artistic art represented by Yungang;、Tomb and Cultural Exchange of History of Pingcheng and the Northern Wei Silk Road; Third, the protection technology and technology archeology of the grotto; the fourth is fresh、Han nation mainly，Many Northern Ethnic National Exchange and Exchange; Fifth, the content of the Yungang model and its influence。

Objectives of Yungang Study，is closely connected to the research object。Depending on，First of all, you need to figure out the connotation of Yungang Grottoes and the social history before and after his excavation;、Archaeological unearthed information and Northern Wei Document，Clarify the living conditions of the class of Pingcheng; finally, the way and stage of the Yungang model in the northern communication and development，Reappear from the Northern to Tang Dynasty Buddhism to spread in the north。The most important point，I want to go through research，Do a good job of the main body protection work，Solve the seepage of the cave、Weathered and dangerous rock body problems，Make every effort to protect the status quo，Eliminate damage，Leave the future generations in Elida Cave。The overall goal of Yungang Studies is，excavation around Yungang Grottoes、Connotation、Impact and protection，Use ruins、Rites and ancient literature，Give full play to the role of scientific and technological archeology，Explore the spread of Buddhist caves from the Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty、Social change、Process of national integration。

　The subject nature of Yungang Xue

The nature of the discipline determines in the research field of the discipline。As the name suggests，Yungang Xue is a core research object with Yungang Grottoes，Collection of religion、Carving、Art、Music、Dance、Architecture、Politics、Economy、Culture、History、Geography、National、Folklore、Cultural relics protection many disciplines, including many disciplines。Yungang Xue Bo is profound，Cross with a variety of disciplines，Researchers require researchers to from shallow to deep、From vertical to horizontal、From macro to micro、From the Buddha statue to the supporter、From religion to folklore, etc.，Multi -perspective、Multi -layered comprehensive research，Among them, the theory of Yungang science、Yungang Xue application and the development history of Yungang Xue。

Dunhuang Xue Yi Dunhuang's suicide note、Dunhuang Grottoes Art、Dunhuang History Trace and Dunhuang Studies Theory are the main research objects。Similarly，Yungang Xue Yi Yungang Grottoes Art、Archaeological Achievements of the Archaeological Achievement of Yungang and the Pingcheng Site、Yungang related historical documents (including stone carvings，Ruji、Stele engraving、Title, etc.)、The development of Yungang mode in the north、National blending、Cultural exchanges and Yungang Studies Theory as the main research content，Research paths mainly depend on archeology、Art History、History、History of Buddhism, etc.。There is also contact with science and engineering，such as technology archeology、Stone cultural relics protection、Time Measurement and Digital Technology, etc.。According to this main relationship，Yungang Xue is neither a traditional humanistic discipline，Not to be pure science and engineering，but a unique archeology、History、Buddhism、Special Disciplines including architecture。Therefore，Yungang Studies have a significant feature of comprehensive discipline，It is a comprehensive discipline between natural science and social sciences。

Based on this objective situation，Establishing Yungang Academic Discipline，It should include Yungang Archeology、History of Yungang Grottoes、Yungang Study Theory、Yungang statue、Yungang Architecture、Stone cultural relics protection、Yungang Tattooing、Yungang mode、History of Pingcheng、Pingcheng Archeology、Pingcheng national aggregation and cultural exchanges and other important content。

Yungang Studies have started，A lot of results have been achieved，Such as a Grotto Survey、Zhu Cave Installation、Statue style、Historical data induction and finishing, etc.。Next，Yungang Study Theory、History of Yungang Xue、The influence of Yungang mode、Integration of Yungang and National Culture、Comparison of Yungang and Liangzhou Grottoes、Yungang Grottoes Temple Architecture、Northern Buddha statue art and other levels，All need to be further expanded and explored in -depth exploration。

(The author is the Yungang Institute of Shanxi University、Researcher at the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology)