Zhou Dynasty is the development and prosperity period of the vassal states，The vassal country culture formed during this period，It laid the foundation for the colorful regional culture of my country。Therefore，In -depth system research on the historical and culture of the Zhou Dynasty vassal states，It has special significance。As early as the Spring and Autumn Period，When Confucius is organizing ritual and music culture，Insufficient literature。"The Analects of Confucius · Eight 佾" records: "Zi said:‘ Xia Liwu can speak，Qi is not enough; Yin Liwu can speak，Songs of Songs are not good。The literature is not enough，Foot is able to recruit it。'"Now，Unding unearthed materials are increasingly richer，Especially the discovery of the bronze inscription of the vassal states，provides more information for the in -depth understanding of the history and culture of the vassal states。From the perspective of the development and evolution of ancient text，Regional features presented by text style，It is an important representation of the development of the cultural development of the Zhou Dynasty。Start with the inscription of the Copper Materials of Li Guo Copper，Discuss the Qi text style of this inscription，You can support the "Book of Songs" "Poetry Preface" on "Lihou Yu"，Show the value of the bronze inscription information in the study of the historical and culture of the vassal states。

　　bet365 live casino games

The "Integrated Integrity and Image Integration of the Bronze of Shang and Zhou dynasties" edited by Wu Zhenzheng (hereinafter referred to as "Story")，Included two father -in -laws who have not been recorded before，numbers are 04682 and 04683。These two bronze wares are informal archeological excavation，The former now hides Xi'an Datang West City Museum，The latter now belongs to a collector。Two bronze shape、The decoration is basically the same，Different size。Its shape belongs to the late Western Zhou Dynasty、Three -legged in the early Spring and Autumn Period，Covering outer ring and mouth edge of the stolen pattern，Cover inner ring and abdominal decoration tile pattern。04682 簋 簋，04683 簋 簋 簋 簋 簋 with the same content of three lines and 13 -character inscriptions，Release is as follows:

Kai Datuzhong (Zhong) car's father as a treasure, enjoy filial piety.

The content of the inscription is relatively simple，It means that Kai Guosuzhong's father casts treasure，Enjoy filial piety with it。But，The authenticity of the utensils and inscriptions needs to be taken。Sui Lun was put forward in its master's degree "" "The Inscription and Image Integration of Commercial Zhou Bronze and Image Integration" and the recording information school supplement (Volume 1-10) "，04683 簋 The inscriptions and 04682 can be reconciled，But the two -device shape is different，When a non -，and said that its instructor, Sakawa Ryo, judged that No. 04683 may be forged。We think，These judgments are very reasonable。04683 簋，The shape of the device and the inscription is shown in the figure。

Compare the Gai Ming Bet365 app download with the inscription，It can be seen that as what Sui Lun said，These two inscriptions are completely similar，After superimposed, it can be completely coincided。In recent years，崎 崎，Promote "The Inscriptions and Legal"，It believes that "the example that can not be coincided with each other in the casting of the casting before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" ("The" Research of the Inscriptions "of the Puppet Research on the Bronze of the Commercial and Zhou Dynasties is example"，"Exposts Literature Research Field and Method" series 5)。Therefore，04683 簋 簋 簋 簋 簋 簋 and Gai Ming are problems in the authenticity，This device does "may be forged"。

04682 簋 Later, it was recorded in the book "Shaanxi Jinwen Integration" edited by Zhang Tianen，This book announces a clearer image。This device should be reliable，04683 簋 The inscription may be made of this device，"Filial" "filial piety" "Zi" shaped on the top left of the left is clearly distinguished in the 04682 inscription，but not expressed in the 04683 device，Play the strokes symbolic hand -shaped into a vertical pen。

Through these analysis，We think，These two Zhongxian father 簋 簋，In the "Intellectual Map", the number 04682，Its utensils and inscriptions are more reliable; and the number 04683，Both their utensils and inscriptions are more suspicious，It may be imitated from No. 04682。Discussion below，will be based on 04682 簋，The diameter of the text is called Zhongcai Father。

The Qi text style of the inscription

Zhongcai's father's inscription display，The owner of the device Zhongcai's father is Kai Guo's big Situ。From the text style，The individual font of the device has the characteristics of Qi -style text。In recent years，Discovery and publication of several unearthed text materials related to Kai Guo，It has aroused the special attention of the history of the academic community。Researchers often think that Kai Guo in Jinwen's data is the Li State in the literature，Licheng County, located in Shanxi (detailed below)。The text style displayed by the father -in -law 簋 簋，Help us further understand the history of Li State。

Since the late Western Zhou Dynasty，Writing style of the text of the vassal states，Starting gradually presenting regional characteristics。Ancient text researchers divided them into the text of Qi series、Swallow text、Chu line text、Five major districts including Qin line and Jin system text。He Linyi pointed out in the book "The Words of the Warring States Period"，Pay back in the middle of the spring and autumn，Lu, centered on Qi State、邾、Ni、Ren、Ji、Xue、莒、Qi、Ji、Zhu and other national bronze inscriptions，Gradually form a distinctive oriental text system。For example, the "Shou" as a "life" in the inscription"shape," 簋 "as""shape, etc.

The so -called "Oriental Text System"，That is the text。The last word "filial piety" of the "filial piety" of the "filial piety" ("Shouwen", "filial piety", "test" and other characters in the upper part of the word "filial piety" )，The upper writing from the "mouth" shape，The writing of the "Shou" of the Oriental Word System "Last" listed with He Linyi is the same.，Is a typical feature of the text of Qi series。Regional features reflected in this writing method，Bet365 app download Poplar Dada has noticed it earlier。The characters of "Shou", "Exam", and "Filial Piety" in the inscription have this special symbol of Qi Houyu、Uncle Yizhong and other utensils inscription，Analysis:

Qi Houyu、Uncle Yizhong、Tao Ming 镈 皆 齐，Chen Houwu Dun Yitun also。Dazai Yuanfu、Daisuzi Baiji、Bo Yu's father, all Lu, also。Casting Gongxuan and Xue Houyu，Casting Xue all in today's mountains，Tong Qilu，刅 刅 刅 刅 刅 杞，Qi in Henan today，Also nearby。"Shou", "Exam", "Filial Piety", see in Yi Ming，Most as much as possible，The "old" shape of this method，It is limited to Shandong countries，、Gentleman、Uncle 匜、Gao Ke respects the name of the country.，can also be pushed。(Yang Shuda: "Jiju Jinwen said (adding books)"，Zhonghua Book Company 1997 edition，Page 221)

After Yang Shuda, add it again，Qi Hou as the word "life" in Meng Jiangding，Also made this feature。籚 籚 簋 簋 簋 's "filial piety"，Also with this feature，籚 籚 籚 籚 should be read from Wang Guowei as "莒"，For the ancient country of Shandong。

Yang Shuda believes that "Qi" is in Henan today，belongs to Qilu near。According to historical records，Zhou Wuwang's first division is in Qi County, Henan Province，In the Western weekend, Qi Guo has moved eastward to this day，Later, move to Yuanling again。Qibo is unearthed in Newtai, Shandong，The utensils have entered the Spring and Autumn Period，"Qi" at this time can already be regarded as an ancient country in Shandong。

"New Golden Editor" and "New Seeing Golden Editor" are two golden text compilations in the golden text。The "Old" and the "Old" characters they include，With the inscription of the Fa "filial piety" of Zhongcar's father 簋，Do not except the Shandong country of Shandong countries discussed by Yang Shuda、Casting、Lu、Qi、Qi、，There are also countries such as "邿", "虖 虖", "夆"，and Father Father Ding、Uncle Jia Sun 屖、Jing Gongsun Dun、Huang Glblers(Gǔ) and other utensils. Let's analyze them one by one.

1. State: a vassal country distributed in today's Shandong region，"Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong thirteen years record: "Summer，邿 邿，Divided into three，Teacher rescue 邿，Sui Taking it。"In 1995, the Department of Archeology of Shandong University made a concentrated excavation of the Saixiantai site located in Wufeng Town, Changqing County, Shandong，Discovers 6 crickets on this site，A large number of bronze bronze wares have been unearthed，The distribution of the country in the Spring and Autumn Period，Provided solid evidence。

2. 虖 虖 虖: The word "Shou" in the inscription of the Qiuqiu Junpan has the characteristics of the Qi -style text，The device unearthed in 1986 in Di Zhuang Xueguo Cemetery, Guanqiao Town, Tengzhou City。Li Luteng thinks，"虖 虖" should be the "fox 骀" of the pre -Qin classics。"Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong four years: "邾、莒 鄫。Zang Yan saved。Invasion，Lost in the fox。"Fox's Diwang，According to Du Yu's annotation，In the territory of Mishi Town, southeast of Tengzhou City。("" Tan Tai (Qiu) "略，"Ancient Civilization" Volume 6) From this we can know，"Fox" is also an ancient country in Shandong。

3. 夆 (逢) Country: Chen Nong pointed out，Shandong has Fengguo、Fengshan。Dr. Bet365 app download Qi You Feng Ugly Father，The descendants of Gai Fengguo，Uncle 匜 匜 匜 夆 夆。(Chen Ning: "Spring and Autumn Period Tables Table of the National Jue Surname and Existence Writing Different"，Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 2009 edition，Page 1287-1292) In the early Western Zhou Dynasty information，Concentrated discovery in Liu Tingzi Village, Jiyang, Shandong。The 1970s and 1980s，M2 excavated in Liu Taizi、M3、M6 three tombs，Bronze wares with "夆" inscriptions were unearthed。Li Xueqin combined with literature and unearthed text materials，Jiang's surname is moved to the end of Yin to the area of ​​Jiyang，Continue to maintain a close relationship with the Zhou Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty。to King Zhou Mu，Fengjun also entered the dynasty as the minister。(Li Xueqin: "There is the Mausoleum and Qi State"，contains "Qi Culture Confucianism"，Huaing Publishing House 1993 edition，Page 276-286)

4. Father Ding: In 1972, it was unearthed in the site of the old city of Chunqiu State, Zou County, Shandong。Seventeen characters in the belly，Briefing writer Wang Yanjing's interpretation: "Father Father is Meng Yan □ 媵 媵，Its eyebrow life is used for Wannian Yongbao。"Mr. Wang thinks，According to the inscription，This tripod is a divorce of Father of Fei Guo for his eldest daughter.。Feed for a small country with surname，After entering Lu。(Wang Yanjing: "Found a Copper Ding near the old city of the Spring and Autumn State of Zou County, Shandong"，"Cultural Relics", No. 1, 1974) Mr. Wang reads the "Ephe" in the inscription as "fee"，belonging to the surname，This should be correct。"Fei" has merged into the Lu State in the early spring and autumn。

5.，The specific unearthed situation is unknown，Tibetan Museums of the City。(Shandong Provincial Museum: "Shandong Jinwen Integration"，Qilu Shu Club, 2007 edition，Page 675) The location of its unearthed locations is in line with the Qi text style of the inscriptions。

6. Jing Gongsun Dun (duì): In 1987, the Museum of Jiaoan County, Shandong Province collected a piece of Jing Gongsun Dun，According to the donor,，This device unearthed during the Guangxu years，Under the Qi Great Wall of Shanzhou Village, Liuwang Town, Jiaoan County。(Wang Jingdong: "Shandong Jiao County Discovered Jing Gongsun Dun"，"Archeology", No. 6, 1989)

7. Huang Gingzi 叕("Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration" 4565): The device does not clearly out of the land，There is no instrumental shape，At the time of the spring and autumn of the Western Zhou Dynasty。The inscription of this device indicates the word of the national name，Old interpretation as "Jiaotong"，Dangdang as "yellow"。Huang Guo and the East Kingdom have a lot of roots，During the Spring and Autumn Period, he assisted with Qi Guo，Its text style is affected。

The bronze wares with the characteristics of the text style above，The name of its national nation、Basic information such as unearthed locations，All can prove that the "old" word "old" in the upper part，It is indeed the style characteristics of the text，The operator basically associates with the ancient country of Shandong。From this we think，It is indeed the style characteristics of the text，It also reflects the regional background of its production。

　Li Guo New Information

Kai Zhongcai's father, Kai Guo，That is, the literature recorded in Li State in Shanxi，This has been proven by archeological excavation。From the perspective of geographical distribution，Kai Guo belongs to the Jin Dynasty Cultural Area，Why does the bronze inscription appear in Qi -style text，This is a question worth discussing。Let's talk about the new information related to Kai (Li) first。

In recent years，Discovery of Kaihou Cemetery and the publishing of the Jane Essay of Tsinghua Jian and Siberbinli，Stimulated scholars to investigate Kai Guo Bronze，Exploring the interest of Kai Guo's history and culture。This literature is rarely recorded in vassal states，Get its mysterious veil。

2006，The Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archeology Institute is located in Xiguan Village, Licheng County, Shanxi Province to explore a cemetery in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Archaeologists excavated 10 tombs，Among them, M8 is a medium -sized tomb，The bronze ritual unearthed is more exquisite，Including bronze pots、簋、Ding、甗、Disk、匜。Bronze Pot Mingwen "Kai Hou Zai □ As a treasure pot for Yong"。Bronze Ding Mingquan: "Kai Hou Junior High School Entrance Exam Father ..." Gao Zhi、Zhang Chongning thinks，The cemetery is the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty。Kai、Li Gu Yin is similar，Kai Guo is the "State" or "Li State" called by the literature，Text pronunciation and ground hope are consistent，The cemetery discovered by the city is the tomb of the State of Li State。(Gao Zhi、Zhang Chongning: "Siberbus -Return to Lihou Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Confirmation of the Li Guo Cemetery"，"Ancient Civilization Research Newsletter" No. 34)

Tsinghua Jane published in 2010 (1) "Ye Ye"，Janewen records "Eight Years of Wu Wang，Receiving Destination，Dajinzhi "。The organizer pointed out that this is "Shangshu Xibabingli"。The "Demand" of Jian Wen，Ancient books "Li" or "耆"。"Sibber 戡" cloud: "Sibber is both 戡，Zu Yixun，Join King。"Siber" 戡，"The Biography of Shang Shu", "Historical Records · Zhou Benji", all recorded as Zhou Wenwang。But the geographical location of this vassal country is too close to merchants，Wing Wang conquered where the situation is not in line with the situation，So Hu Hong from the Song Dynasty、Xue Jixuan's Liang Jade Rope in the Qing Dynasty，Many scholars advocate should be Wu Wang。Jian Wenming said it is the eight years of King Wu，confirmed their doubts。("Tsinghua University Tibetan Warring States Bamboo Slip" (1)，page 151) About the geographical location of Li State，Ancient literature records have two sayings，One said in the southwest of the Changzhi today，One said in the northeast of today's Licheng。Li Xueqin believes in the article "Talking from Tsinghua Jian to the Zhou Dynasty"，These two locations are not far apart，Perhaps it is also possible in Li State。

Han Wei in his doctoral dissertation，On the basis of detailed analysis and Kai Guo related bronze inscriptions，The surname and family source of Kai Guo、Source flow、Sealing land and marriage，Combined with existing research results，I made a detailed explanation: Kai Guo was divided by Bi in the Chengkang bet365 live casino games period，The beginning of the king Kai Bo should be Bi Gonggao's eldest son。Kai Guo is the country of Ji。Discovery of the Great Tomb of Licheng，Prove that Kai Guo's place is in the old place of the "戡" of Wen Wang's "戡"。The age of the Li Guo cemetery was in the late Western Zhou Dynasty，It can be seen that Kai Guo is not as what you thought in the past，In the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it has died in Rongdi。There is no "Li State" in "Zuo Zhuan"，Therefore, the demise of Kai Guo，It is likely to be in the early spring and autumn。("Research on the Western Zhou Dynasty"，pp. 60-65)

Li Xueqin combined with the record of Tsinghua Jane's "Ye Night"，Proposed this brief article mainly describes the scene of 戡，Participants except Wuwang，There is Big Gong、Zhao Gong、Zhougong、Xin Jia、Books、Lu Shang's father and others，"Bi Gong High as a guest"。Drinking Room，Wu Wang、Zhou Gong is paid first，This is obviously because Bi Gong is the master of Daoli，The highest achievement。This is not difficult to understand，After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty，Bi Gong Yizi is divided into Li Guo, which is conquered by Bi Gong，Not accidental。

　Lihou apartment guard

The records of Li State in the Zhou Dynasty's handed down literature are quite scarce，As Zhu Tian Guanghong said in the fifteenth year of Xuan Gong Xuan Gong in "Zuo's": "Spring and Autumn" in Li Guo，Destroyer before and after existence，I don’t see any transfers to the country，See this year's biography，Gaoli is weak，For a long time, Di Shui，No way to reach the princes。"" These scarce Li Guo literature materials，Mainly involved records of "Lihou Yuwei" and "Chidi Get the Earth"。

Mao Shi "Wind Wind · Form" and "Hill" poem preface，mentioned that Lihou lost the country，寓。"Form Micro" preface: "Li Hou Yu Yuwei，It is persuaded to return。"Form Micro" preface: "Li Hou Yu Yuwei。Di people forced Lihou，Li Houyu Yuwei。The post of Fang Bo cannot be cultivated，Li Zhizi is responsible for Guardian。"" Chidi seized the ground "was included in the fifteen years of Xuan Gong in" Zuo Zhuan "，Doctor Bo Zong of the Jin Dynasty lists Chidi's five crimes，Among them, Article 3 is "Getting the Line Land"。Noteners think that "Li's" means Lihou。"Zuo Zhuan" records after Jin Guo seizes Chidi，"Return to Li Hou"。

The relationship between the two events of "Lihou Yuwei" and "Chidi Sebeling the Earth"，Researchers' understanding is not consistent。Mao Shi "Justice" advocates that this is the two events far apart from the times，and the era of Lihou's residence in the country，During the period of Wei Xuangong。Mao Shi "Justice" said: "Di Ji，Beiyi Number，This does not reprimand its country。Xuan fifteen years "Zuo Zhuan"，The crime of Bo Zong, the crime of Chidi Lu's family: ‘win the land，San Ye '。Qifu said: ‘the country of Lihou。，Responsive Xuan Gong。Xuan Gong's twelve years of Lu Yan，Fifteen years to Lu Xuan，More than a hundred years old。Although at this time it is Di Fashing，Later, it will be resumed。To Xuan Gong's World，Nai Chidi sends its ears，Different from this。The land is Chidi，This only says that the people are forced to ride，No need to be Chidi also。"When Wei Xuangong served as King Zhou Hui，It died in the 20th year Bet365 lotto review of King Zhou Yan，that is, 700 BC。Gu Donggao's "Spring and Autumn Performance Table · Spring and Autumn Line Guo Jue and Same Watch" does not adopt this，Think that these two events are related，"Poetry · Qiu Qiu" preface to Di people forced Lihou，"Poetry Spectrum" is the world of King Zhou Hui，Error。"" The fifteen years of Xuan Gong Xuan Gong (594) recorded in Chi Di "Schushu Gao Lili"，"That is the crime of the day，How can there be a hundred years of lost the country and then recovered! "Gu's reason for the reason why Lihou lives in the country，When it was Chidi's governor, Ji Shu captured Lihou's land。

Zhu Tianguanghong's "Zuo's Judge" agrees with the saying of "Justice"，believes: "Or it is called Li Hou Di was captured by the Clan，Demanded in Weiwei，Poems of "Wind Wind · Form"，It is made from this。Non -also。"Preface" explicitly said: ‘Wei can not cultivate Fang Bo charging post’，Wei Ben is Menghou，Therefore, Wei Bo，Then "style micro", "旄 旄" two poems，First、Wen can know。Old saying for Xuan Gong Time，洵 洵。Xuan Gong's twelve years of Lu Yan，Fifteen years to Lu Xuan，More than a hundred years old，Although at this time it is Di Fashing，Lihou Hou Hou Hou more recovered its country，To the World of Lu Xuan，Nai Chidi sends its ears。According to this, Pei Lihou is the pre -life of Lihou，No matter how it is formed。Passing Yunli Lihou and repay，Deli still has the country that has not been destroyed。”

The "Lihou Apartment Guard" in the poem and the "Zuo Zhuan" Xuan Gong's fifteen years of Chi Di Gaoshan is regarded as two events apart，It is more reasonable。Land of Lihou's residence，Chen Xiang Yin Qingren Jiao Xun said that in the East County of the East of the Patriotic State，That is, between Shandong Tancheng and Shouzhang ("Spring and Autumn Period Tables Surnames and Excessive Writing Tables"，page 786)。"Zuo's Ji Ji" said: "There is Lihou City, Fan County, Caozhou, Shandong，The place where Lihou lost the country when he lost the country。"Fan County、郓 City、Shouzhang three places adjacent to，Two means that the actual refers to the same。So，Land where Lihou lost her country，Is in the eastern region。

Dynasties belonging to Zhongcai Father in the late Western Zhou Dynasty or early spring and autumn，made by Li State official Dato，The reason why its inscription has the style of Oriental Qi -style text，It is likely to be affected by the culture of Qi Department when Lihou lives in the eastern region，or it is made locally。This device can be used as a rare material that supports the poem preface "Lihou Yu Yu"。

　(Author is a professor at the School of Archeology at Jilin University、"Ancient Chinese Characters and Chinese Civilization Inheritance Development Projects" collaborative research and innovation platform scientific researchers)