October 2020，Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The "General Plan for Deepening the Reform of the New Era Education Evaluation Reform" issued by the State Council is clearly proposed，To "improve results evaluation，Reinforcement process evaluation，Explore value -added evaluation，Improve comprehensive evaluation，Make full use of information technology，Raise the scientific nature of education evaluation、Professional、Objectiveness "。Needless to say，The current higher education evaluation is mostly focused on the strength and level evaluation of the identification function and results。This evaluation can reflect the strength and level of the object of the evaluation in a timely manner，and its location in a specific group or whether it meets a certain standard，But it cannot accurately reflect the progress or regression of the evaluation object for a period of time。Therefore，Further carry out value -added evaluation or development evaluation，Facing the starting point of the different development objects，Tracking the evaluation objects in the beginning and end stage of the form and the change of performance data，Really pay attention to the development and progress of each evaluated object，Promote "less than the foundation、More than progress "" Shao Bi Background、Dorbi Efforts "，More comprehensive、System、Reason、Objectively judging the true development of the object of the evaluation，Reached by evaluation and promotion、With the purpose of promoting reform，It is significant。

Specifically，The value and significance of the value -added evaluation of higher education are mainly reflected in the following aspects。First，Adopting a developmental evaluation perspective，Pay attention to the growth Bet365 app download and development of each evaluation object，Education quality from the perspective of incrementing rather than absolute performance，Therefore, the improvement function and incentive function of the evaluation can be better played。Second，To evaluate ordinary undergraduate colleges and colleges and universities、certain special disciplines and majors、Some student groups with special backgrounds provide new ideas，It is beneficial to understanding、Maintain and promote the diversity and coordination of higher education。third，Pay attention to providing informative historical data from vertical dimensions，can be manager、University、The department and teachers have targeted analysis and improvement of the quality of education to provide data basis。

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A complete educational evaluation activity is by the evaluation subject、Evaluation object、Evaluation purpose、Evaluation perspective、Evaluation indicator system、Evaluation data and other series of links and elements composed of elements，Each elements involved in the middle need to be passed one by one。But，Because in theory、Method、Data、Personal preparation is not enough，There are many gaps in the middle，The current value -added evaluation in the field of higher education is rare.。

Evaluation of value -added appraisal based on the narrow higher education, which uses students as an evaluation of higher education value -added evaluations，Some scholars believe that the reason why it is still in the downturn，The main reason is that: First, the lack of localized college student development theory as guidance。Although my country has entered the stage of popularization of higher education for many years，But during the rapid expansion process，The academic community does not have a real long -term for the college student group、Empirical research of the system，Based on this, the theory of development of Chinese college students。Second, the ideal data is difficult to collect。The reason bet365 best casino games why value -added evaluation is better promoted during the basic education stage，An important reason is，Standardization test scores of students in primary and secondary schools can provide ideal data for valuable analysis for value -added evaluation。In the higher education stage，The development of college students is more diverse、Vast、Complex，Students of different majors have large differences in learning experience and gains，What key dimensions should be selected to measure the value -added of value -added。Another，The value -added of students' development is also difficult to obtain through some kind of channel，Some key indicators about student development，If the definition of students' learning results, etc.，There is still controversy in itself。Third, in terms of specific calculation methods for value -added evaluation，It is currently lacking valid、Program that is easy to obtain consensus。For example，Different from the source of information，It can be divided into direct value -added estimation algorithm and indirect value -added estimation algorithm; according to whether the students are the same batch，can be divided into horizontal evaluation method and vertical evaluation method。Another，The specific analysis methods of data are also different，The main discussion is more mainly multi -linear regression models and layered linear models。It is generally considered，Direct value -added estimation algorithm and indirect value -added estimation algorithm each have advantages and disadvantages，The ideal processing method is to achieve diversified evaluation methods to complement each other。Evaluation of the same group of students for the same group of students，can better explain the value -added，The perfect solution is to compare the youth groups that enter the university and the university who have not entered the university，in order to accurately evaluate the real role of the university for the development of students，But the data that gets bet365 Play online games the ideal data is more difficult。other，value -added evaluation also faces problems such as how to evaluate different value -added brought by different universities。Therefore，Higher education value -added evaluation based on students as the evaluation object，Its development space is difficult to really open at once。

In addition to the value -added evaluation of higher education with students as the evaluation object，The object bet365 Play online games of value -added evaluation of higher education also includes teachers、School、Department and Disciplines and other subjects。Carry out the value -added evaluation of these subjects，The difficulty of implementation is similar to what I described earlier。For example，Some scholars proposed，The "Double First -class" construction results evaluation method (trial) that has been introduced clearly stated that the three major dimensions of evaluation are the overall development level of universities and disciplines、Growth and Sustainable Development Capability，Among them, the evaluation of the degree of growth and improvement belongs to the field of value -added evaluation。Make value -added evaluation，First of all, determine the appropriate reference point，So use yourself and the past to calculate the value -added，Or is it worth the value -added ratio of the average level of the past? Obviously，To answer such questions，Not only requires in -depth theoretical discussion，It also needs a lot of empirical research to repeatedly test。And scholars proposed，Obstacles from cultural aspects also need to attract attention。This view is considered，Culturally，The looseness of the university organization、Diversity of targets，Special characteristics of teaching objects、The lagness of the effectiveness of teaching，Autonomy of the work of college teachers、Relative freedom, etc.，Both and clear purpose、Systemic、Evaluation activities for high efficiency are many conflicts。Therefore，The in -depth development of value -added evaluation must also seek to evaluate the fitting point of the culture and university organization culture。

　Promotion of the value -added evaluation of higher education

Promote the value -added evaluation of higher education，I believe that the following aspects should be paid attention to。

First, to strengthen theoretical deep cultivation。Higher Education Carrysting value -added evaluation，It is necessary，To truly make most people understand the purpose of the value -added evaluation of higher education、Value and how to implement questions。First，Further clarify the concept bet365 Play online games of value -added evaluation、Connotation, etc.。The current value -added evaluation in China is still constrained by students' academic value -added evaluation level，Some even use the "student's academic value -added evaluation" as the pronouns for "higher education value -added evaluation"。Evaluation value -added evaluation with students as the object is important，But it cannot cover all the contents of the value -added evaluation of higher education，It is also impossible。From the long run，The value -added evaluation should be understood as an evaluation perspective，Suitable for evaluation of any object。Second，Under the framework of classification and evaluation，All theoretical preparations required for various types of value -added evaluations。For example，For the value -added evaluation of higher education with students as the evaluation target，Guidance of the development theory of college students developing localized is currently an important task。In fact，Gao Education's value -added evaluation in the rise of the United States has a specific era background，At the same time, it is based on the effective research of "theory of college students' development" in American universities。

Second, a large amount bet365 Play online games of value -added evaluation is required。Build a set of high -quality value -added evaluation schemes，Need to complete a series of links composed of a series of links and elements。For example，For the calculation method of value -added，Assume that the starting point value of an indicator of an evaluation object is E1，nodes value E2，So when calculating the value bet365 best casino games -added，Is the difference (E2-E1) good or ratio (E2/E1-1)? Or is it good for the two of the two?，The sorting results obtained by the two methods are large.。Generally speaking，If the ratio method，It is not conducive to the original front -end college，There is a big difficulty in its growth and improvement，The so -called "ceiling effect" exists; if the difference method is used，is not conducive to the original back -end college，Because of its poor foundation。So，The author finally chose the average value of the two as the value -added index。In short，Based on no large number of empirical case studies，It is unrealistic to build a set of high -quality value -added evaluation schemes。

Third, we must pay attention to the daily construction of the database。Data collection and finishing are the foundation for monitoring and evaluation，To ensure evaluation work science、Efficient、System and sustainable development，Stable construction database is extremely necessary。From the long run，This can save costs，Improve the quality of the data，It is conducive to providing corresponding prediction reports and decision support reports for relevant departments，So as to play the role of data guidance and promotion of reform。Value -added evaluation involves data of two time nodes，is a vertical data，Therefore, there are higher requirements for data collection。

Fourth, we must adhere to the other common principles of education evaluation。The ultimate purpose of the evaluation is to improve，instead of the ranking itself。Evaluation of the strength and level of evaluation of the evaluation function and results evaluation，It still focuses on the value -added evaluation of the development perspective，All are a cognitive activity of the object of the evaluation，Including "Facts" and "value understanding"。To achieve the best evaluation effect，The common principles that should be followed by the evaluation activities，If you try to implement a classification evaluation as much as possible、Try to ensure that the logic of the evaluation chain is consistent and the bet365 live casino games information is complete、Try to disclose the information and put the evaluation activities under the supervision。value -added evaluation as a good idea，Only high quality is completed，It should have the efficacy to get full play。

(The author is the deputy dean of the Chinese University of Science and Education Evaluation Research of Hangzhou University of Electronic Science and Technology、Professor)