A more accurate formulation of Needham’s problem is，"Why before 15th century AD，In applying human natural knowledge to human practical needs，Chinese Bet365 app download is much more effective than Western Bet365 app download？Why modern science only developed in European Bet365 app download，without growing up in Chinese (or Indian) Bet365 app download？"Since the science and technology historian Joseph Needham proposed it，This difficult problem has crossed the boundaries of the history of science and technology discipline，It has attracted many scholars in different fields to try to come up with a logical and self-consistent answer。

　　From Joseph Needham’s Problem to Bet365 app download and Technological Tradition

Judging from the current research results，Geographic endowment theory、Bureaucracy theory、Cultural influence theory、High level equilibrium trap theory、Population size theory、The theory of the imperial examination system、The theory of productivity motivation、Ideology、Inherent defect theory, etc.，Unable to agree on one thing，Its characteristics are as follows。1.Out of the common understanding of modern history: “If you fall behind, you will be beaten”，Scholars mostly blame China for its backwardness in modern times，Thus opening the "comprehensive introspection" mode。2.Joseph Needham’s problem can be divided into two steps: First, the advanced Chinese Bet365 app download in ancient times，Two days of modern backwardness，In "Full Reflection" mode，The current explanations mostly focus on the second part of the answer，Ignore the first part。3.About the solution to Joseph Needham’s problem，The reason should be a long period of time、Wide view、Multidimensional，Instead of a single linear solution。Most scholars have gone through in-depth thinking in this major，A consensus can be reached on this point。

In full reflection mode，The Needham problem is often extended to "what happened to China"，And Bet365 app download and technological resources and scientific and technological traditions，Once dominated the world in a time period measured in thousands of years。If we look at the Needham Problem in its entirety，Instead of selectively ignoring the first part，Then its model seems to be to simply answer “What’s wrong with China?”，Transformed into the answer "What's wrong with the West (China's technological leadership before the 15th century) - What's wrong with China (China's backward science and technology in modern times)"。In this complete question mode，Those conclusions that only provide specific answers to why China lags behind，When answering the first part of why China leads，It seems quite incompetent or contradictory。If scholars’ current answers can only answer the second part of Needham’s puzzle，It means that our examination of Bet365 app download and technological traditions is still insufficient。

　　The possibility of changes in modern Bet365 app download models

"The Theory of Engineering Evolution" pointed out，Human Bet365 app download from primitive Bet365 app download、Farming Bet365 app download、Industrial Bet365 app download along the way，On the way to ecological Bet365 app download、The transition stage of information Bet365 app download。Whether it is ancient scientific and technological resources or modern scientific and technological revolution，They all belong to the dynamic mechanism that promotes the evolution of Bet365 app download。Then，At the time point when human Bet365 app download is further evolving，We may have an ecological Bet365 app download from the future、The perspective of information Bet365 app download，Discuss and reflect on the Western scientific and technological model inherent since industrial Bet365 app download，That is, whether the Western technological model that is perfectly suitable for industrial Bet365 app download is still perfectly suitable for future ecological Bet365 app download、Information Bet365 app download。And this led to a re-understanding of the importance and necessity of the value of ancient Chinese scientific and technological resources。

　　1. Ecological Bet365 app download perspective

Science and technology can only be chosen by “engineering”，Only in order to successfully escape Bet365 app download laboratory scope，Thus embedded in the complex system of human society，So in a sense，The choice of engineering is the channel for technology to be embedded in human society。The choice of project is derived Bet365 app download values ​​of the project，The traditional values ​​of engineering have undergone earth-shaking changes in recent years。

The concept of engineering under industrial Bet365 app download is "conquering nature、Transform nature”，This is based on the Western “subject-object” dichotomy thinking model，Clearly separate humans from nature。In recent years，As humans continue to deepen their understanding of nature、Anxiety about the deteriorating ecology，This extends a deep reflection on engineering activities。Origined from Western materialism or anthropocentrism，Unrestrainedly making people (subjective) independent of nature (objective) or above nature，The idea of ​​trying to “conquer” nature，Being corrected。Since industrial Bet365 app download, "project selection"、Integration、Build a good” model，Selecting to "、Integration、Constructed Project” Transformation。This change in values，In a certain sense, it reveals some shortcomings in the continuous development of the Western subject-object dichotomy model。

The shift from “conquest and transformation” to “adaptation to harmony”，That is, the shift from the complete separation of man and nature to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature，It is also a transition from industrial Bet365 app download to ecological Bet365 app download。Think carefully about its connotation，represents the subject-object dichotomy model oriented toward “knowledge”，There may be a possibility of changing to a harmonious coexistence model oriented toward “utility”。

　2. Information Bet365 app download perspective

Since industrial Bet365 app download，Inherent technological models may also be unable to avoid the issue of transformation，Transformation requires time and evidence to mature，The current transformation of this technological model has begun to take shape。

For example，The development of artificial intelligence，In addition to the original computer school，The bionic school and the evolutionary school have also been derived。Especially the evolution school，Believes that artificial intelligence should be achieved through gradual evolution like human intelligence，Instead of through the original "knowledge and reasoning" mode。This transition from manufacturing to evolution，Bet365 app download has reflected the trend of "integration" of technology and people in concept rather than "separation" of subject and object。

Another example，The development of basic subject mathematics，Under the Western technology model，“Axiomatic” mathematics is the mainstream，And ancient Bet365 app download mathematics since "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic"，It is taking the "algorithmic" path (this is also the reason why it is criticized because it is different from the West)，In general，The former emphasizes rules，The latter emphasizes practicality。However information、The arrival of the digital age，The application of computers requires the algorithmization of mathematical laws again，How to algebraize geometric problems、Digitalization of scientific theorems。New opportunities arise for traditional Bet365 app download mathematics models that are different from the West，The algorithm-heavy model has certain advantages in the information age，It may also reflect some budding changes in the modern technological model。

　　The significance of re-understanding the value of Bet365 app download and technological resources

The academic community reflects on and criticizes Bet365 app download and technological traditions，Always occupying the mainstream context，However, criticism is not the purpose，Progress is the goal。Criticism in the “why are we bad” mode，Of course "get rid of the dross"，Correspondingly, it is inevitable to ignore "taking the essence"。Modern solutions to Joseph Needham’s problem，If we can re-understand the value of Bet365 app download and technological resources，It may be possible to move the problem research model from a simple “criticism” to a real “criticism”、Inherit”。

In blindly emphasizing Chinese thought、Under the comprehensive reflection mode that systems and other systems have inhibited the development of science and technology，Such as: scientific and technological development oriented not to seek “knowledge” but to seek “use”；Do not divide the subject into two categories，And the thinking structure that pursues the "unity" of heaven and man；Too much focus on ethical thoughts，Ignoring the research and identification of natural philosophy，etc.。If you look at big history、Long-term perspective，The rise of Western Bet365 app download、Destruction or even replacement，In the context that Chinese Bet365 app download has never been cut off，These show the traditional characteristics that are obviously different between China and the West，Whether it is conducive to the survival of Bet365 app download in general？Meanwhile，In the field of view measured in hundreds of years，The explanation model that blindly pursues "why we are different"，If expanded to a horizon measured in millennia，It may not necessarily be converted into "Why can we always exist"。These，Perhaps further research and in-depth analysis are needed。

The Bet365 app download nation has tenaciously survived and developed continuously in the long history of history，Ancient and modern times are in the same vein，It is debatable whether the spiritual characteristics of a nation must be a mode of criticism and reflection。Our original understanding of the value of ancient Bet365 app download science and technology，In the new era, there is an opportunity to re-evaluate。Historian of science and technology Sutton once issued a call that "science must be humanized"，and “Science Alone”，Even if our science is a hundred times more developed than it is now，We can’t live a better life”，Science and human nature combined，Already represents the "union" model of heaven and man rather than the "division" model of subject and object；Einstein said in his speech at Caltech that “it is not enough to understand science，Care about people themselves，should always be the main goal of all technical efforts”。Speaking of caring about people，Traditional Bet365 app download ethical thought even from a scientific and technological perspective，There is also a need to re-examine。Even Joseph Needham himself once made this conclusion: "Only in China、Ethical thinking that can be seen in Japan and throughout Southeast Asia is the only magic weapon that can correct the scientific perspective in Western society."。

Therefore，With the progress of Bet365 app download、Changing times、New trends in the development of science and technology、Reexpanding research horizons，Under the consideration of a longer period of human Bet365 app download，Or we should realize，The Needham Problem has become a more complex problem than once thought、Multidimensional problem domain。In this continuously expanding problem domain，Not only the original judgment is not enough to explain everything，Even the original judging criteria have undergone some new changes。In the past, various answers were given in reflection mode，Maybe we should expand new horizons and make new additions and improvements，Even the model of comprehensive reflection itself，There should also be some introspection。Then，Our ancient Chinese scientific and technological resources、The original understanding of scientific and technological tradition reveals its shortcomings and limitations，There is an urgent need to reorganize。Therefore，Re-understanding the modern value of ancient Chinese scientific and technological resources should be put on the agenda of the new era，And it obviously needs further improvement and clarification，In order to give a truly contemporary response。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Shenyang Jianzhu University；School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of Bet365 app download)