Human beings' curiosity and attention of time and space, and the outlook on time and space formed，Ancient has been continuously advanced，Both have a profound impact on cognitive patterns and thinking methods，In terms of language use, it is more manifested as a rich and unique word formation law and discourse expression，The language expression system that forms a systematic space domain and time domain。The shaping and development of ancient Chinese language and thinking in time and space，It is worth exploring in -depth inquiry。

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The view of ancient Chinese space originated from the perception of people's position and physical form。Space is the basis for human knowing the world，The survival and development of a person cannot be separated from the space range，At the same time with people or things、Action、Event contact、Judgment、Description、Evaluation、The space relationship during the change process can also be manifested to varying degrees，Therefore, the space cognitive domain has always been the most basic cognitive domain of human beings。Promoting Research on Ancient Chinese Language and Thinking under the Time and Space Outlook，Need to clarify the spatial domain language expression system，Grasp different stages、layer、Differences of category。

First，The language expression of the space domain is staged。On the whole，Space itself is divided into physics、Cognition and language space，From the objective physical space，Cognitive space for perception of physical space and obtain experience formed，Then to express the language space of cognitive space with specific language means，Phased transition relationship。During the language processing process，Bet365 lotto review The entity often presents specific in the physical space、Static or dynamic contour or features，A person who interacts with its interactive contact with its senses and limbs forms perception experience and perceives，To abstract related features、Summary、Classification。If you observe the most common sparrows in birds, generate from the head、Body、Wing、The outline and other characteristics of the legs and abstract summary，Formed a prototype category with a typical member (Prototype Category)，In ancient times, "birds" or "birds" have gone referring to birds that meet the abstract features，Makes language expression more economical; some of the characteristics abstracted by some entities are universality of cross -category，such as "Yuan" indicates the shape that is similar to the closed arc，Can produce "Yuanyue、Ring Ring "and other expressions，Therefore, the characteristic words also become adjectives that represent attributes, etc.; In addition，The outline and features of the action can also be summarized，As in ancient times, "walking away、Running、Leave the distinction ", etc.。In the person who is physical、Things、things and action、In the language description of the event，People often abstract the relevant entities based on the contour or characteristics of the space and generate the vocabulary tendency，This also explains to a certain extent that whether it is ancient Chinese or modern Chinese，A verb lacking morphology、Adjectives present the reasons similar to the characteristics of "famous objects"。

Next，The language expression of the space domain is layered。In addition to the specific visible entity in the world where people are，There are relatively abstract concepts and connotations，The former constitutes a physical spatial relationship，The latter is the virtual space relationship based on the former and relying on the former to the corresponding mapping。The core conceptual Bet365 app download metaphorical theory in cognitive linguistics (Conceptual metaphor theory) believes，People have accumulated repeated modes in the process of interacting with the outside world、shape、Law，Reference physical spatial relations (the most common such as "body") forms a variety of "imagery" as a metaphorical expression of abstract concepts，To understand and express the concept、Connotation。For example, when people understand the concept of "category", the "container" graphics，Inside the container is similar things，Otherwise it is different types; when understanding the concept of "power", "up" (up) graph，The more upward, the greater the power。Language expression also tends to map from physical space relationship to virtual space，As in the Ming Dynasty novels, "the person in the heart" refers to "the object of love" and so on。The relationship between entity and virtual space is clear、Interconnected，It is an important factor in the use of a large number of metaphors in the use of language。

again，The language expression of the space domain has category differences。These categories mainly include shape classes、direction class and location category。There are obvious two -dimensional plane and three -dimensional three -dimensional division in the shape category。Taking the quantifier of the pre -Qin development as an example，"Bar" is two -dimensional，Its characteristic is "long bar、Extension "，Including "one branch、a route ", etc.;" root "is three -dimensional，Its characteristic is "long bar、cylindrical shape "。There are differences in shape ratio in the same dimension field，"strip" and "Zhang" like a two -dimensional plane，The latter is closer to 1。direction classes and location classes generally use the reference framework (Frames of Reference，including inner、Relators and absolute reference framework) Describe the position of the focus、path and direction。Interestingly bet365 live casino games like "Books on the table、Clock on the wall、The lamp on the ceiling "Although the absolute direction is different in the large space，But because they are based on the support surface as the relative reference system and are the same as support，Therefore, the description of the direction is all toward "up"。Language expression tends to retain shape、Core features of the direction or location and the details of the details，Format words in Chinese can be used as one of the representative members of the shape class，direction class、Location classes are generally manifested as direction nouns and the place adverbial formed by the place。

　Time viewing language and thinking

In ancient China, the view of people originated from the distinction between day and night。Time is the way of existence of things，In absolute change and development。Everything is inseparable from the participation and promotion of time，It cannot observe directly、Concepts that are elusive and grasped but always exist。Promoting Research on Ancient Chinese Language and Thinking under the Time and Space Outlook，Need to clarify the time domain language expression system，Discover the association and conversion between its space domain。

First，For the time domain itself，Since ancient times, there have been rich ways to indicate specific time，It mainly includes cyclical，If it is mainly used for Ji Ri, Ji Ji、month、Nian Sky and Earthly Branches, etc.; References，As "after、Pre -、to ... stop ", etc.，or use timing markers to reflect the time in the process of changing things for reference，For example, the broad body mark in ancient Chinese "Both、Has ", etc.。Overall，Compared with relatively intuitive space descriptions，The language expression of time still reflects relative indirectability; the more special is，For the distance that calculates the maximum value, I use the time tool，such as "Light Years"。

Next，The integration trend of time concept and space view strengthens the connection between the two。The "Tube · Zhouhe" in the Warring States Period first proposed bet365 best casino games the concept of space in our literature，"Heaven and Earth，All things 橐，Zhouhe is the earth ";" Zhou "is time，"Follow" is space，I think everything in the world is covered in heaven and earth，and the heaven and earth covers between time and space，Time and space are unified。Evolution of Words，such as "Later" and "Post" was originally separated，The former said "King"，such as "Shang Zhi"; the latter gradually expands from the "front and back" of space to "sequential" that includes time，Now "Later" is simplified into "post -"，Significance and。But the West's understanding of time and space was the earliest split，Until Einstein proposed the theory of relativity，talent to unify time and space scientifically。Therefore，No matter from the perspective of philosophy、Wording evolution is still a scientific theory，Time and space are relative，The two cannot be separated and are closely linked。

Last，The expansion of the time domain of the space domain enriches the time expression method。Time is more like an abstract concept，Often need to use specific framework tools to accurately describe and express，Dedicated is space，From the space domain to the time domain.。Specific speaking，Two -dimensional compared to space、Three -dimensional features，Absolute change、Time to advance forward can be metaphorically recognized as a straight line without width，4634_4670，Makes the projection of space reference to the concept of time to become possible。If the "bottom" of the table position is regarded as a dynamic path from top to bottom，Extension to the time domain is interpreted as "Next"。It is worth noting that，The expansion of the space domain to the expansion of the time domain is continuously unified，When the spatial domain is dominated，Time domain does not have a significant impact; the space domain is gradually stripped，When leading the time domain，Space domain provides a certain bet365 best casino games original semantic support。Take the quantifier "Tao" as an example，"Refidences · Release" has "Tao，Diaoye; Lu，Lu Ye，Seeing it by the spoken person "，The space domain includes the original "long strip" and functional "seal、Differential Background "is mapped into the time domain to separate the" sequential distribution "and" cut time period "，The noun you match at this time is "Program、Curse、Question、Command、official document、vegetables、Landscape、Sound ", etc.。

　　Promoting the research and application of the theory of language and thinking theory

Exploring the shaping and development of ancient Chinese language and thinking under the view of time and space is important。From the perspective of thinking and culture，Language is an important window for understanding the development of social changes，It is also a characteristic of national thinking。Time -and -space cognition based on the explanation of the language from ancient times to the present can deeply understand the habits and cultural thinking and changes in different ethnic and space; in addition，This difference in research can further promote the strategy of teaching and learning in the process of second language teaching and acquisition。From the perspective of information technology，Summary The Concentrated expression mode of the space domain and the time domain can provide new paradigms for information processing。The increasingly developed today，Language output performance to the infinite approach to human natural language is one of its main goals，But artificial intelligence as the "unintentional machine" itself lacks the physiological basis of the language acquisition mechanism and efficient corrective feedback mechanism，Researchers can summarize the relevant language expression mode in the core of time and space in the cognitive core.，Development of stimulating "machine thinking"。For the study of language bet365 best casino games and thinking，Clarify the time domain、The space domain language expression system can find richer language phenomena，Digging more in -depth cognitive motivation，Realize more theoretical and application value。

　　(This article is the Scientific Research Fund of the Renmin University of China (Special Funding for Special Fund Fund Fund Fund Fund Fund for the Central College) Project "Research on the Selection and Structural Combination Mechanism of Faculta -based Chinese Vocabulary Syndum" (19xnh111)

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)