Generally speaking，The Roman Empire generally implements religious tolerance policies，But the subject is required to participate in the worship of the emperor，Competitive religious organizations that may affect political stability，Such as Maniism and other denominations with anti -Roman tendencies。From the beginning to the beginning of "Milan Decree"，Due to the doctrine、Ceremony and rejection of the worship of the emperor，Christianity bear various misunderstandings and suppression，It is mainly manifested in the religious persecution performed by the Roman Empire。For these persecution，The Christian Church conducted a positive defense。For example，Delto Liang declared in the "Practical Plugs"，Christians are willing to obey the country's rule，At the same time, the believers are required to relocate or martyrs instead of back teaching。

In "The City of God" 19.24，Augustine defines justice as love for God，Criticized the origin and rise of Rome，It is determined that the Roman Empire before the 4th century did not have real justice。But the problem lies in，Since Christians endure religious persecution from the Roman Empire before，So after gaining a legal status，Why do the Grandpa Church actively request the Roman Empire's intervention in the internal dispute of the church，and the North African church even demanded that religious forced to stop Bet365 app download the Donatu is not serious and universal religious violence in the early 5th century? For Augustine，Does the change of Christianity conform to his judgment on Roman political system before the 4th century，and whether the Christianization of the Roman Empire in the 4th century has changed its nature as a country，and get a certain degree of justice?

For these problems，Augustine is not unaware，Instead, actively use the Bible to release the classics、Real cases, make a response。He thinks，Christians can resist illegal violence，Maintain the political order and peace of the world;，The Roman Empire used religious coercion to command the Donatu School，It is for the benefit of the latter; military forces in North Africa are necessary means to stop religious violence;，According to the new definition of justice，The Christianization of the Roman Empire and the emperor became the Grand Duke Christians to a certain degree of justice，Make the North African church have reason to request them to protect the Grandpa Church with peace in the world。

In "Letter" 138，Augustine responded to the problems raised by Volu Xi'an，Whether Christians can be a good citizen of the Roman Empire。Among them, it includes，Promoting love、Patience and "Don't report evil with evil"，Can Christians defend the country to prevent foreign enemy invasion。By analyzing the scriptures of "Turn on the left face to the right face"，Augustine reversed its literal meaning，Quoting Jesus and Paul both rebuked the example of the person who hit himself，I think the true meaning of this Scripture is，When others want to bet365 Play online games offend what you have more valuable，Only let him offend what you have smaller value。For example，I would rather martyrs on the body，Not backing on the soul。And Jesus and Paul's examples indicate，Christians should treat the violence suffered with patience and goodwill in their hearts，But in terms of external behavior, we must command and forced others，Make it no longer to perform violence and repent the crime; Christian desires peace，But it is not a peacemaker who does not resist violence，Instead, you can resist aggression with the war of justice，You can even make a pre -made person，Come to defend the world security and world peace。Times before legalization，Except for relocity and martyrdom，Christians can only use language and teachings to respond to religious persecution。And to the Augustine era，Under the condition that language and doctrine persuasion，The Grandpa Church uses the laws and military forces of the Roman Empire to teach the religious violence of Donatu School，Obviously can be regarded as imitating Jesus and Paul。

Religious violence for Karama Alieists，Augustine wrote "Letter" 104 in 409，Among them, many reality examples are cited，Including the sword that the father took the son to play in his son，Adults hold the child's hair so that he does not take a snake with his hands，Parents or teachers punished a child who made mistakes，To demonstrate the use of imperial laws to stop religious violence by using imperial laws，It is completely for the benefits of these pagans。"All this is concerned，Not cruel。”

According to Christian teachings，The natural bet365 Play online games order of human beings was broken by the original sin，From equality to inequality from people，Eventually, it has led to the slavery of people and the birth of the country。In "The City of God" 9.16，Augustine demonstration，The patriarch of the Old Testament era also has slaves，But the same belongs to family members，It is equal in serving God，Parents have the right to teach various faults of family members，To maintain peace in the home。This new natural order is also applicable to a city -state or country composed of a family，That is, the rulers and the ruler are inequality in political power，But in worship of God, it is equal。Similar to parents in the family，The rulers can also command to destroy peace citizens in the country。From this，Although the country is negative in terms of origin and essence，But in the world still has a limited positive function to maintain peace。

Start with Constantine，Except Julian，The Roman emperors of the past are Christians，Christianity is even established as a state religion，At the same time, a large number of subjects belief in the belief of the Grand Duke，Make the Roman Empire experienced rapid Christianization in the 4th century。According to Augustine's definition of justice and republic，The appearance of the Christian emperor means that the nature of the Roman Empire is also changing。

Augustine first confirmed，The Roman Emperor becomes a transformation of his personal belief from a pagan to a Christian，Constantine only worships the only God，and Diori are the real godly; they all strongly support and spread the bet365 Play online games Grand Duke Christianity，and try to use political authority to make the ministers believe in God，Try to eliminate heresy and sectarian division; they also rule according to the various requirements of this belief on the political level，3553_3572，The desire to control and the compassion in the rule of the rule，The teaching and commandment of the bishop to maintain the humility of religion; these efforts make the Grand Duke Christianity the national religion of the empire，And the Minister and the people become the Grand Duke Christians。where，Augustine thinks，As a model of Christian Emperor，Diori not only rely on God's help when，Also after the victory, do not abuse the enemy，Even the crime of disclosure for the Salenica slaughter。Augustine praise it without hesitation，The godliness of Emperor Diori will make it true happiness。

In addition to establishing the fact that the Grand Duke Christianity is the national religion of the Roman Empire，Augustine thinks，Emperor Diori showed his devotional belief in the rule，Follow the principle of justice，It will get God’s reward and real happiness。In "The Biography of Constantine"，Youxi Biwu is almost sure，Christian emperor is the best political form of the world in the world，Emperor is the bishop of non -Christian subjects，Its role is even equivalent to Moses and Christ。Different，Augustine, on the one hand, confirming that the Christian emperor's politics is still part of the city of the earth，He pursues personal salvation and eternal life like ordinary Christians;，The rule of its true justice bet365 Play online games makes the Roman Empire have a shadow of republic。

Compared with the previous era，The appearance of the Christian emperor seems to completely confirm Paul's view of political authority，"Because there is no authority, it is not from God's。All those who have power are all ordered by God "。and for its ideal form，We can speculate，According to Augustine's new definition of justice, love God，From Dowedi to devout Christian subjects, they have real justice，"Groups that combine the recognition of the Iuris and the common interests"，can be called the people，Its community is the people's affairs, that is, republic，and even the Roman Empire has part of the nature of republics，Although the entire empire is far from the Republic。

For this ideal form，Augustine has indeed done vision。Before Christ comes，The Republic of Roman has been greatly corrupted，completely lost the past world virtue。After Christ is coming，If the king and the public "can hear and see Christianity's commandments on justice and honesty，The republic should use the happiness of this life to decorate its land，then rose to the apex of eternal life，It is king in the highest blessing "。But，Because many people are in love with the temptation of crime，This makes Christians only endure the "worst and evil republics"，I can only look forward to entering the "most sacred and noble republic"。Indeed，Late in the Roman Empire，Policy and interests changes，Other emperors and officials obviously have not followed the Emperor Dorodysi to become "the real devout person"，The ministers and people bet365 Play online games have not become real Christians，so that Augustine only requires，The Roman Empire as part of the city on the ground should maintain the peaceful peace，Not aimed at becoming a real Republic。

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(Author Unit: Overseas Chinese University Religion and Fujian and Taiwan Religious Research Center)