With artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence，AI) development，All kinds of "AI art" is constantly emerging，"AI Calligraphy" also made some progress in practice。Current，AI has become an important technology in the pursuit of efficiency of modern society。If art can also achieve AI creation or production，Then our artistic needs can get faster satisfaction，Artistic productivity can also be doubled。This，AI calligraphy seems to be an artistic practice that can be popular。In this background，We need to reflect on various problems related to AI calligraphy。

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AI calligraphy refers to calligraphy created by AI technology。But AI itself is a difficult concept。So，More precisely，AI calligraphy is an analogy，That is, computers or machines can complete calligraphy creation similar to humans。Current，AI calligraphy has the following three specific forms of expression。

1. Human calligraphy processed by AI technology。This kind of calligraphy needs to rely on writers to create first，Then use AI technology to convert the artist to the strokes，Calligraphy works with brush line texture。mobile phones or computer software for AI calligraphy is more common。During the use process，The generation of the book can be intelligently matching according to the character characteristics of the writer，You can also make specific conversion according to the requirements of the writer。When the input of the touch screen，The speed and pressure of sliding fingertips can be used as input parameters，​​After the algorithm is processed, it can be combined with the texture of the brush，to generate beautiful calligraphy fonts。

2. Calligraphy created by AI technology。This bet365 best casino games kind of calligraphy is first of all to learn from famous artists，Extract the information data of the font from a large number of samples，Make noise of the image according to the algorithm、Vectorization、Identification and search, etc.，Generate the corresponding font library，Then the new font is synthesized by the algorithm。This kind of artistic creation can bring batch innovation on the font，Its speed is great than the handmade design of the font。In terms of the simulation effect of the font，Also need to use a brush to build a mold、Image stitching、skeleton rendering、Style Migration and other series of processing procedures; in the selection of essays，Calligraphy font library also needs to correspond to the text library，Create and match the corresponding font through the emotional recognition of the text。

3. Calligraphy created by imitative calligraphy robots。Imitation calligraphy robots are mostly used by industrial robot programming or similar mode，Find a motion mode similar to the writing mode to the calligrapher through continuous test，Corresponding procedures for prefabrication，Then use the program to control the machine arm to complete calligraphy creation。Current，Robot creation has achieved high similarity simulation copying，But in terms of independent creativity and fine writing control, it still needs to be improved。Calligraphy robots may be able to extract the effective features of calligraphy works through fine copies in the future，Refining the method of fusion of deep learning and characteristics to generate an independent font style，To achieve the independent creation of calligraphy。

The first two AI calligraphy can also be called "digital calligraphy"，The medium of calligraphy is no longer a pen and ink，but virtual electronic images。From the perspective of the media，Calligraphy can be divided into brush calligraphy、pen calligraphy、Bet365 app download chalk calligraphy, etc.，"Image Calligraphy", "Touch Screen Calligraphy", calligraphy and other virtual media of virtual media belong to the type of contemporary calligraphy。But whether the digital calligraphy is AI calligraphy，The key depends on whether the creator of the calligraphy is AI，or AI participates in creation。For calligraphy art，Copy is a creative process，So the imitation calligraphy robot is imitating fonts or creating fonts，All can be regarded as intelligent imitation of calligraphy art thinking。The ideal AI calligraphy is an art production of "demand -works" mode，That is to create calligraphy works in accordance with human aesthetic needs and expectations。In reality，AI Calligraphy has been applied to font art design、Enterprise Cultural and Creative Production、Robot experiments and art exhibitions and other activities，Its "intelligence" is more like an anthropomorphic analogy。The emergence of AI calligraphy has caused a series of changes to calligraphy activities，The impact and influence of this change on the tradition of calligraphy deserves deep reflection。

　　Ancient and modern changes in calligraphy functions

Like other art categories，Calligraphy has also experienced "changes in ancient and modern" in the cultural changes of modern society and "disputes between Chinese and Western and Western"。This change is not only in the shape of the calligraphy，and involved the change of calligraphy function and value core。Based on the ancient and modern differences of understanding the cultural context，We can realize the subjectivity principles and value position of AI calligraphy。

In the ancient cultural context，The function of calligraphy is mainly "self -cultivation" and "adult"。Xiang Mu's "Calligraphy Elegant Words" says: "People from the heart，Book from Pen Zheng，Take "Poetry" Yun ‘Thinking Wuxie’，"Li" said ‘No disrespect’Bet365 lotto review 。Calligraphy Demand，Synthesis 矣 矣。"Cheng Yan said:" Respect when writing a certain writing，Nothing to be good，Only this is learning。"From the eyes of the ancients，The attitude and process of learning calligraphy are far greater than the improvement of skills，The role of calligraphy is more important.。Especially the Confucian class，Calligraphy as a kind of ritual and law，The supreme form of the beauty of calligraphy is also manifested as "neutral"。So，The subjectivity of the ancient Chinese calligraphy is "ethical subject"，The ancients often revised and enriched their ethical orientation and spiritual world through calligraphy。

In modern cultural context，The function of calligraphy is mainly the performance of "personality" and "freedom"。Since modern times，The relationship between calligraphy and Confucianism began to be cut off。Calligraphy has gradually moved towards the road of "fine art" of Westernization，Development in the direction of "pure art" and "professionalism"。Especially in the past 40 years，Various calligraphy contests and art exhibitions refer to the innovative consciousness of calligraphy，Calligraphy is quickly stitched with the trendy post -modern genre，presents a noisy scene。This mentality is obviously different from the ancient attitude towards calligraphy，Calligraphy often no longer plays the function of "self -cultivation" and "adult"，Instead, it is more and more highlighting the innovation ability，Aesthetic form that becomes an emotional personality。So，The artistic subjectivity of modern calligraphy is manifested as "aesthetic subject"，Calligraphers have become professional artists，The function of calligraphy is to meet people's aesthetic needs，Calligraphy creation is more precisely a kind of "art production"。

AI calligraphy can be said to be the development of modern art concepts to extreme performance。On the one hand，Calligraphy bet365 best casino games is treated as a pure display，Formally technical means are regarded as an evaluation criteria for artistic heights; on the other hand,，Calligraphy is also reduced to complete products，AI help calligraphy achieve efficiency、Large -scale production，People's demand for calligraphy into calligraphy becomes the value of calligraphy。The significance of the existence of calligraphy is no longer with self -cultivation、Expressive personality related，Instead, it has moved to a non -returning road pursuing "technical progress"。AI becomes the creator of calligraphy，Realized the thorough materialization of calligraphy，The subjectivity of calligraphy is therefore manifested as a "technical subject" for technology -oriented。"Technology for Technology"，It can be said that it is the art slogan of AI calligraphy。"Old" calligraphy creation mode may become a handicraft that should be eliminated。

　AI calligraphy cannot replace traditional calligraphy

Since modern times，"Progress" words in science and technology extend to all aspects of society，The field of art is also deeply affected by it，Linear development in time stronger。From the brush、More replacement of hard pen，to the keyboard、Invention of emerging writing tools such as touch screen，The change of writing medium brings new calligraphy types。The progress of the writing medium becomes the baseline written by the history of calligraphy，The value order of calligraphy is also reset by this progress narrative。So，AI calligraphy has been given the legitimacy under the scientific belief of modernity，A manifestation of being regarded as "artistic progress" by some people。

The consequence of this concept of calligraphy is，The traditional spirit and aesthetic pursuit of calligraphy is erased。"AI Calligraphy" implies us，Artistic problems can be solved with science and technology，Mind problems can be analyzed by algorithm。But，The reason why art Bet365 app download attracts people，It is because it shows complex psychological space in an intuitive way。Classic paintings、Literary works、Artworks, etc. There are always different interpretations in different times，And various interpretations are difficult to exhaust the meaning。So，AI can imitate it in the form of calligraphy.、Fake True，But the world of the soul is cold、empty hole、Lack of spiritual significance。

The spiritual world of a person is the meaning of calligraphy。"Beauty is not beautiful，Changs from people "，Calligraphy represents the spiritual world and aesthetic world of the writer，The aesthetic pleasure of the admirer is to explain the personality behind the calligraphy in the way of "knowing the world"、Character。The reason why ancient well -known calligraphers were followed by later generations，It is because their virtue and mood blends between the words，It is worth watching and looking at。Calligraphy as a classical art，Calligraphy and painting with the ancients、Book and spiritual world integration。Learning calligraphy is the spiritual world of experience and insight into the ancient people，This is used to cultivate and enhance your own spiritual realm。

Perhaps，From the perspective of the ancients，The meaning of "described but not done" is greater than the new and different from chasing。On the basis of fully absorbing the essence of ancient art，We may "do" further。Selection of Copy Objects and Learning Objectives，Not only a technical problem，and reflect the classic beliefs and spiritual ideals of the scholars。"Learning" in a way of "learning books"，Realize the integration of "Tao" and "Art"，It is our painting、The reasons for copying the law posting night。

When AI calligraphy is popular as an innovation phenomenon，Someone will make such a sigh: the calligrapher is about to be unemployed! This is a manifestation of calligraphy completely bet365 best casino games as a product。AI will not replace calligraphy，Otherwise, it will fall into the paradox of art's subjectivity。Many people are still willing to pick up pen and ink in the current society，Enjoy the texture of the line，Go to copy the ancient inscription，Because traditional calligraphy still has the meaning of living in the present。Between the dark and white light，We may be able to get out of a road of trails in an impetuous society，Trip to the "Time of the Conference，People are all old "to the beauty and complete。

　　(This article is the results of the Renmin University of China in 2019.

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)