Technology can not only be used to transform nature，It should also be used in social governance，This has become a basic concept of the technical era。Technical governance is huge in dealing with increasingly complex social problems and public crisis。Although some people have doubts，But technical governance has become an important trend of contemporary social organizations and operations。Therefore，Philosophy must grasp the development trend of contemporary society，Reflection of the governance change of the technical era，In particular, we must understand the operating methods of technical society and the historical situation of knowledge and subjects in the technical society。

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In recent years，IoT、Big Data、Cloud computing、Virtual reality、Blockchain、The booming development of information technology such as artificial intelligence，Accelerate the advancement of technical governance into all aspects of social operation。From the perspective of social governance reform，Contemporary society is entering the society。This is the historical expansion of the concept of modern enlightenment from natural governance to social governance，It is also an inevitable result of continuous scientific and technologicalization since human society entering modernity。Socialist society is in the ascendant，Where will the future go、What kind of impact is generated，How to deal with impact、Preferably technical governance mode that adapts to national conditions，It is necessary to further observe and reflect in the philosophy community。

First，The technical society is a smart society with enough society。The so -called social consciousness，Refers to collecting various data and information，There is enough "understanding" for the instant state of society，"Thinking" the direction of social development on this basis。When the situation changes、When there is a problem，Socialist society can quickly "feel" to inside and outside stimulation，Timely technical operational response。This is different from the natural society's blind and "instinct" response method，It is also different from the seemingly rational of the industrial society but in fact lacks a sufficient understanding of the real situation。Metaphorical saying，Socialist society like organisms generally have enough "intelligence"，Stimulation that can complete adaptability -reflects "life life" behavior。

Next，Socialist society is a large -scale prediction、Planning and control control Bet365 app download theory society。To improve social operation efficiency，It is necessary to reduce unknown to control risks。To a large extent，Skills of technical governance are no longer spontaneous, but a purposeful and planned forward。Even if the actual development of the society is not fully consistent with the initial social plan，But this does not prevent the social survey of a large number of different areas of social measurement、Forecast and Plan，Feedback information implemented by the plan at the same time to adjust various control behaviors。The social goals of the technical society will continue to be revised according to the specific situation，Therefore, it is not the "utopian" society of the established blueprint。In other words，The theme of the technical society is not towards some ideal state，Instead, to achieve control of social operation。The use of various technical means to use various technical means to work hard to reduce the unknown state of the world including people，Towards the instant time for yourself、continuous、The direction of comprehensive cognition forward，Then calculate analysis、Feedback planning and public governance，Reduce waste、mistake、deviation and accidental，Control social risk，Improve social efficiency。

again，Socialist society is a technical decision on scientific operation and expert governance. Society。To what extent to determine the development of technological governing society, it remains to be observed，but optimistic technical decision theory is the most important basic concept of technical society。No matter what kind of technical governance mode is implemented，Society of technical governance must adhere to the two basic principles of scientific operation and expert governance。The former advocates using scientific principles and technical methods to run society，The latter advocates that the experts who have received system science and technology education have more governance power。Therefore，Technical Knowledge Production Department，If the government research department、University、Research Institute、R & D Center and Computing Center，The core structure of becoming a technical society。Of course，Socialist society cannot let go of technology free development，Predict the development of science and technology、Planning and control becomes the basic task of controlling society。

Last，Society of technical governance is a society where wealth and risks coexist。The arrival of the society，It means the use of science and technology to develop social productivity to the new stage，The material wealth produced by the workers can meet the needs of the comfortable life of each society (this is becoming more and more obvious in automation and the explosion of robots)。The question of a wealthy bet365 Play online games society is no longer how to produce more products，How to allocate it fairly and reasonably。Obviously，This is not a pure economic problem，Instead, it is necessary to combine with a perfect political system to properly solve it。There are more social risks in the technical governance society，Especially political risks，For example, some risks caused by excessive power of experts。and，New technical means while controlling risks，It also increases the danger when the crisis may break out。In short，More social control and higher social risks，It is an inseparable two sides of the technical governance society。

　　Destiny of technical governance and knowledge

The principle of scientific operation is the requirements of knowledge，The principle of expert governance is the requirements of the subject，Technical governance combines knowledge with the subject in governance activities。From the perspective of knowledge，Many discipline knowledge can be used in governance activities，Governance programs based on different disciplines have their own characteristics。

Technical treatment plan based on physics，"High Energy Society" proposed by Howard Scott，often regards modern society as a large machine for energy conversion and use。He advocates finding the energy status of the entire society through social surveys，Bar physical balance of production and consumption，Provide comfortable material life to members of the society。

Technical solution based on psychology，The "Walden Lake Second" community proposed by B. F. Skinner，The biggest feature is to manage the emotions and behaviors of social members with psychological methods to a certain extent、Transformation and control，Eliminate unfavorable psychological state，Encourage favorable individual behavior，Make it meet the overall goal of technical governance，to improve the operating efficiency of the entire society。

Technical treatment plan based on biology，"World State" proposed by H. G. Wells，It is advocated to use biological methods to improve the state of the body and spirit of social members。He thinks，The future human beings will not only be extremely moral level，Human nature is also very different from today，Body quality and intelligence level will also far exceed today，Based on this, technical society can operate efficiently。

Technical treatment plan based on management，"Management Society" proposed by James Burnham，It advocates using professional management technology to run the entire society，Including company、Government and other social organizations，Get rid of the owner's interference with actual operators，Factors of the property involved in organizational and coordinated governance activities，Expand the state -owned economy，Fusion politics and economy，Management Bet365 lotto review of professional managers。

Technical treatment plan based on economics，"Manage Economy Society" proposed by OTTO Neurath，Emphasize the implementation of government plan adjustments in a larger scale，Regularly carried out production rather than relying on blind market regulation，and implement various social engineering with economic plan，Continue to improve the entire society，Finally go to socialism。

No matter what kind of governance technology，All must grasp the instant information of the governance objects accurately。Since the rise of the Intelligent Revolution，Technical governance will gradually be based on information technology and intelligent technology，Comprehensive application of various scientific principles and technical methods in governance activities。In the Social Society，The strategy of the use of technical knowledge mainly includes the following parts。1. Social measurement，Investigation and statistics of social material and mental conditions。2. Planning system，using the planned means，Not only the national plan、Social Plan，It also includes an enterprise plan，Uniform configuration and arrangement of production and distribution activities as much as possible in a relatively large range。3. Think tank system，that is, the institutionalized part of the political power is managed by the think tank method to the expert，Implementation to a certain degree、A certain range of experts participate in decision -making。4. Scientific administration，Also known as administrative science。5. Scientific management，Here refers to an enterprise、The rationalization of the company and the non -governmental organization。6. Scientific city (or engineering city)，is scientifically constructed、Operation and maintenance as a city in the main place of human beings，If energy、Traffic、Public Security、material、Garbage treatment and environmental protection。7. Comprehensive big project，This project not only involves natural transformation，It also involves population、Society、Culture and environment and many social factors，Both natural engineering，It is also a social engineering。Obviously，Information -Smart Technology Platform is very important in the above strategy，Can improve the efficiency of local social engineering overall，Forms of changing technical governance operation。

In the Social Society，People’s knowledge concepts will change important changes。First，Knowledge is increasingly practical。The goal of the production of technical knowledge is efficiency，The truth instead of traditional meaning。or useful knowledge is knowledge，The same value and goodness of science and truth are directly combined。Next，Knowledge is increasingly Bet365 app download operating。Technical Governance Knowledge Guide Action，Control instead of understanding as a target of technical science (TechNoscience)。At this time，Truth is largely equal to operability，Find the corresponding behavior results by changing the independent variable。again，Knowledge is increasingly power。Traditional concepts regard knowledge as a neutral force independent of power and politics，and the knowledge of technical governance and governance is closely linked，More knowledge means greater action forces。In the Social Society，Respect of the traditional truth about knowledge will gradually disappear，Respect of the authority of knowledge forces。Last，Technical knowledge is increasingly generalized。When social action emphasizes the reasonableness in the name of technology，Dynamic technical knowledge will inevitably skyrocket，A large number of new technologies will emerge in various fields，Technology and skills will be difficult to distinguish。other，The phenomenon of "pseudo -technology governance" named in the name of technology may become increasingly prevalent: they often take the banner of technology，In fact, it does not use scientific principles and technical methods。

　　Destiny of technical governance and human beings

With the continuous advancement of the technical society，Human understanding of themselves has gradually changed its fundamental change: human image or human learning，No longer by philosophy、Literature or Religion、Myth Come to Qi Qi，and more and more from science and technology to explain，It can be called "the birth of scientific people"。At this time，The behavior and emotions of the subject are largely restored to physics、Chemistry、Functional relationships consistent with variables such as biology and environment。From this，"Scientific" means that the subject is a governance that follows the operating rules at the same time、Object to be treated，This is the fundamental rule of people in the technical society。That is to say，Everyone can be predicted based on the same technical knowledge、Transformation and control，and should also be controlled，Efficiency goals that integrate into the entire society。If the technical governance of nature cannot tolerate the wilderness，Technical governance of people can no longer tolerate savage，The absolute freedom of nature and the subject will be challenged at the same time at the same time。Laboratory logic expands to nature and creates artificial nature，Technical governance of people can no longer tolerate savage。So，The entire human world may become a huge social engineering laboratory in a sense。

In the Social Society，Everyone is in technical governance，Including both the governor，Also includes the governor。Make the governance activities moving in the direction of operating efficiency，bet365 best casino games You can use both technical methods to train more suitable governances，You can also choose to use technical methods to control the control of the governance (Agent)。Governance and governance cannot be divided，The same subject is sometimes a governor，Sometimes it is a governor。Through the training control, the ability to realize technical governance，It can be called "the path of the capable transformation"，Choose experts to achieve technical governance，It can be called "Expert Selection Path"。Of course，More often combines the rules and governors at the same time。

Theoretically，"Moving the Transformation" can use a variety of technical means，Implementation along different ideas。For example，Under the technical method to improve the humanistic progress of individual morality; regulate the emotional management ideas of individual psychological state; control the behavior control thinking of individual behavior; enhance the human enhancement thinking of the body and intelligence of the ability of the capable man; shape collaboration、Group adjustment ideas for altruis and high -efficiency communities; etc.。In short，Technical governance believes that there will be better governors，Human beings should evolve forward from generation to generation，instead of staying in the eternal "human nature" that remains unchanged。Obviously，Technical governs If the pursuit of perfect governance，It is easy to fall into the danger of autocracy。

Expert selection paths of technical governance also include many methods，According to the selected experts, it can be divided into several types。1. Engineer leader，Including natural engineers and social engineers。2. Intellectual leaders，Including scientists、Technical Expert、Social scientists and humanistic intellectuals。3. Manager leader，Including professional managers and managers at different levels of high, middle and low levels。4. Economist leaders，It mainly refers to the social macroeconomic operation。5. In the ideal leader of virtue and talents，As the "Samurai" class that Wells envisioned in "Modern Utopia"。Therefore，In the Social Society，Experts are not "new classes" with the same economic and political status，but the heterogeneous group with different targets，Different targets exist inside、Value、contradictions and conflicts and expert levels。

With the continuous advancement of technical governance，Many new problems that are closely related to the fate of human beings will continue to emerge，Need to make critical reflection in the philosophy community。For example，Experts and the public、How to deal with the relationship between politicians; what permissions should be given to experts; how to set up expert certification qualifications and promotion standards; how to balance human freedom and technical Bet365 lotto review governance; Risk in governance and use; wait, etc.。Philosophy thinking about these problems，It needs to be performed in a way to learn from problems rather than intruding，Form some empirical countermeasures。

No matter what，Facing the rise of the society，Contemporary philosophy must not be given enough attention。Knowledge and people are the focus of philosophical reflection。With the advent of the technical age，Science is understood as technical science，Knowledge and purpose is trending control，People are understood as "governor"，The organization and operation of the entire society have deep technical upgrades，Governance issues should become an important issue for contemporary philosophy reflection。Leave the background of the technical era，Philosophy's reflection on governance will flow in the air，Can't really understand the status of contemporary knowledge and the historical situation of people。Turn in turn，The rise of the governance of technical and technical governance，It provides rich materials and important opportunities for contemporary philosophy reflection。

　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)