In recent years，With the rapid advancement of the urbanization process，Urban risk is more and more out of nature、superposition、Elected features such as conduction，Some uncertain factors and unknown risks have continued to increase。Natural disaster、major public health incidents for emergencies、Public conflict、Environmental pollution, etc.，Often affects the development of the city，worth high vigilance。Toughness city refers to being able to resist disasters or reduce disaster losses with its own ability，and reasonably allocate resources to cities that recover quickly from disasters。To cope with the above risks，To actively promote the construction of tough cities。

　　bet365 best casino games

There are five major features in the tough cities。1 is Robustness，That is, the city can resist disaster，Reduce the economy caused by disasters、Society、Personnel、Materials such as supplies and other aspects of loss。Second is recoverable (rapidity)，That is, the city has the ability to recover quickly after the disaster，It can return to a certain functional level at a short time after the disaster。Third is redundancy，That is, the key functional facilities in the city should have a certain spare module，When the disaster suddenly causes damage to some facilities，The spare module can be supplemented in time，Make the entire system still play a certain level of function，not completely paralyzed。Fourth is Sourcefulness，The ability of the city has the basic disaster relief resource reserves and the ability to reasonably allocate resources，Can optimize decision -making under limited resources，Maximize resource benefits。Five is adaptability，That is, the city can learn from past disaster accidents，Improve the ability to deal with disasters。

These characteristics bet365 best casino games are closely related to the technical foundation of the tough cities。Robbing reflects the ability of urban technology to resist disaster，The more actual、Buildings with greater space accommodation，The more able to resist the invasion of the disaster。recovery can reflect urban technology reconstruction capabilities，and material can be available、Technical regularity, etc.。redundancy reflects the adaptability of disaster resistance and the alternative of technical functions，When a disaster occurs，redundant technology should play a substitution function，Different redundant technology configuration can play a different role。Smart reflection of urban technical resources deployment capabilities。Adaptability Reflecting Technical Improvement Ability。No matter what kind of ability，It is often presented in a spare state，The overall redundant of the technical construction of the tough city construction。As a spare module，Usually these technologies are sleeping。When the disaster is coming，The spare module can start immediately，Maintain the normal operation of the city，Reduce disaster hazards。

City is the result of the coordinated operation of many technologies，Some are running alternately，Some are mutually excited，Some are in a spare state。To alternate the redundant city redundant technology and alternation、Different technical differences in each other。redundant technology is usually sleeping，Disaster only started to use。Alternate、Mutual stimulation technology is technology used in the normal state of the city。Urban operation，Some technologies are running，Some technologies are in a rest state，They run alternately; some technologies are excited by other technologies，Complete specific functions。The city is the same as people，surrounded by technology，Some are operating，Some are for operational services。Heidegger proposes the existence of a person or here，Essentially a Bet365 app download kind of "in the world"。The same is true for cities，redundant technology is not a simple tool，but always in the interaction with other technologies，Form a "in the world" state。Urban redundancy technology, although usually sleeping，But it interacts with the normal operation technology of the city，Together constitutes the operating status of the city。

redundant technology can be used normally when the disaster occurs，To meet three conditions。First, you can start normally。Start normally when the disaster occurs，Different from the usual start，Simple operation，It must be relatively universal，Specialty is too strong, but it does not meet this requirements。The second is when the redundant technology is started，Try to minimize the interference to the normal operation of the city。The degree of interference and the degree of disaster is equipped，Small disaster interference is also small，Small disaster interference is also small。Otherwise，It may affect the normal operation of the city，Add the additional costs caused by the disaster。Third, the equipment equipment must be reduced as much as possible to destroy the normal operation of the city。Equipment of redundant technology，It will inevitably increase costs，Interference the original normal operation，But to ensure the normal startup of redundant technology，It is necessary to ensure the appropriateness of urban technology configuration。Under the premise of effectively improving the toughness of the city，To save costs as much as possible，To help the city's good operation。

　　Overall perspective and sector perspective

The redundant technology design of the tough city usually has two perspectives: the overall perspective and the sector perspective。The overall perspective starts with the overall framework，Taking the city as a whole，It has an overall law for its operation。Start from the overall perspective，It can be seen that special entities and their interaction。Faced with emergencies，bet365 live casino games Where does the city collapse first，Where is the spread，How can the process happen in the middle。As a whole，redundant technology configuration is always combined with planning。Once a disaster occurs，Technology cannot effectively start，or you need to start a professional activation，It may not be a good technology that meets the planning requirements。An important consideration of the redundant technology of the overall perspective is the effective start of disaster when the disaster is coming。other，The redundant technology of the overall perspective will also consider reducing the interference of the normal operation of the city，Get the maximum benefits at the minimum at a minimum price，But this point often takes care of it。Whether it is to change the plan，Still equipment redundant technology from the planning perspective，The overall perspective often seriously interferes with the original equipment and work requirements of various departments of the city。To meet the overall requirements，Urban departments may only adjust existing equipment、Work requirements can be achieved。The overall perspective often cannot meet the cost saving principles equipped with redundant technology。

The perspective of the department is set up by the urban departments to set redundant technology according to the need for disaster prevention.。Each department has its own planning requirements and work content，If the traffic department、Management Department of Public Places、Power supply and water supply department, etc.。The perspective of the department will from its own planning requirements、Working rhythm is equipped with redundant technology。Reducing technology for disaster prevention and preparation，It has special rules and requirements，When the department is equipped with redundant technology，It will digest it in existing equipment and work，Coordination with existing equipment and work。By equipped with redundant technology，The original department and functions will not change，It can save the cost of Bet365 app download the departments of redundant technology，No need to change the original environment and work and life rhythm。but，But there is a problem that the redundant technology is equipped without operational。A redundant technology configuration that meets the special requirements of the department，When encountering an emergency,，It requires professional skills to operate，Simple requirements for operations when the disaster is not coming when the disaster is coming。When the impact of the disaster is within the scope of the department's response，Technical enlightenment will interfere with urban operation as small as possible; once the disaster impact exceeds the scope of department response，Effective use of technology will greatly interfere with the normal operation of the city，Because the redundant technology only follows the principle of gradual opening up within the scope of the department's cognition，If it exceeds this range，The disorderly state of technology may appear。

Therefore，Whether it is the overall perspective or the department's perspective，While with advantages，There are certain defects，This is closely related to the technical characteristics。On the one hand，Technology provides certain means for certain purposes; on the other hand，There is a causal contact behind the technology。The former is the purpose first，It is considered the cause of the purpose; the reason for the latter is first，Lead a certain result。This is also regarded as duality of technical structure and function。

　Technical causality and means of purpose

Start from different perspectives，The means reflected in technology、Different purpose characteristics and cause and effect characteristics。First，Technical causality and means of purpose is contradictory。Emphasizing the original means and purpose of causality need to be changed，V from，Then ignore the cause and effect。Next，The combination of technical causality and means of the overall perspective，Not adapt to the requirements Bet365 app download of the department anyway，The technical causality and the purpose of the sector perspective are not adapted to the overall requirements。The construction of tough urban construction cannot ignore the overall requirements，Can't ignore departmental requirements。Find the middle road from it，is the technical basis that must be considered first。

Technical causality reflected universal facts，The purpose of the means reflects historical value requirements。The construction of tough urban construction can start from the community，Combined with your own means and purpose，Put down redundant technology construction requirements for various departments，Requires various departments to adjust the methods and purposes appropriately to meet the requirements of redundant technology construction; push the means and purpose to re -combine，Adapt to the overall causal integration requirements of the redundant technology。Specifically，Urban redundancy technology equipment to put forward causal requirements from the community，The department should try to get closer to this requirement as much as possible according to the actual situation。redundant technology to various industries、Regional extension，Requires the original purpose and means of the city's overall management reorganization，Adaptation of redundant technology configuration requirements。

First，The department is not simply configured redundant technology，Instead, the redundant technology is integrated into the department and purpose requirements through technological innovation，At the same time, let the original means and purpose be appropriately adjusted to adapt to the causal requirements of the redundant technology。The department is closely related to the community，No great changes to the original means of purpose，Maintain the original work and life rhythm，saved the cost of the department equipped with redundant technology。Next，Continuously configuration requirements for redundant technology、Bet365 lotto review Regional extension，Expansion of the adaptability of redundant technology。This not only expands the universality of the operation when the disaster is coming，It also improved the technical adaptation ability to deal with disasters。Last，The original means and purpose of urban management need to be adjusted，Adaptation to the overall management requirements of redundant technology。City should pay more attention to internal technology coordination，to better build a tough city。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Spiritual Civilization, the School of Social Sciences, Guangdong Province)